innovative ways for tackling water crisis · 2019-10-03 · 3rd india agricultural outlook forum,...

3rd India Agricultural Outlook Forum, September 26-27, 2019, New Delhi

Innovative Ways for Tackling Water Crisis

View of the Sisamau Drain discharging WW in River Ganges, Kanpur, India (@N Khalil, 2018)

DR. NADEEM KHALILENV ENGG AND ENERGY SYSTEMS PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

AMU ALIGARHNKHALIL.CV@AMU.AC.IN

• 45,000 kms. of riverinelength

• 12 major river basins, 46medium river basins, 14minor and desert river basins

• Lifelines of the people

• Closely linked with culture and tradition

• Ganga Basin: largest, lies in11 States

Rivers in India

Peninsular component

Himalayan component

Main Sources of Pollution

Main Sources of Pollution

30%

MUNICIPAL SEWAGE

INDUSTRIAL

POLLUTION

70%

POINT SOURCES

• Most of the cities and rural areas in India lack sewerage systems

• Out of total generation of 61754 MLD of municipal wastewater, only 22963 MLD is treated (CPCB, 2016).

• Gap of 62% is one of the reasons for pollution of water bodies mainly rivers, lakes and ponds.

• Over 234 WWTPs, located in 5% of cities/towns along the banks of major rivers

▪ Need for decentralized alternatives, where CAPEX and OPEX are

comparatively cheap

▪ Retrofit or upgrading of existing WWTPs can solve problems of

increased capacity and the need for improved quality

State of Water Bodies

Najafgarh Drain discharging majority of Domestic and Industrial Effluents in Delhi to river Yamuna, India

River Musi in Hyderabad gets Solid Waste dumping

River Yamuna

Mantola Nala (Drain) flowing near the Agra Fort in Agra, India

@nadeem.khalil

Sorrow state of river Kali (upstream) carrying domestic

& industrial wastewater, Meerut, India

Solid Waste thrown away on the bank of River

Ramganga, Moradabad, India

Wastewater flowing in Kali River in Bulandshahr, India Major drain carrying domestic & industrial ww

falls into river Kali in Meerut, UP

Department of Science & Technologyand

European Commission

ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY (AMU)

SPAIN

SWINGSSAFEGUARDING W ATER RESOURCES IN INDIA W ITH GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES

SWINGSSAFEGUARDING W ATER RESOURCES IN INDIA W ITH GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES

SWINGSSAFEGUARDING W ATER RESOURCES IN INDIA W ITH GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES

SAFE-GUARDING WATER RESOURCES IN INDIA WITH GREEN AND

SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES

FP7 FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME

Spain

Spain Denmark

Germany

Germany France

Denmark

Slovenia

DenmarkGermany

AMU

Kalyani

IGNTU

UPJN

UPPL

ANN

AARVEECBE

European partners Indian partners

Indo-EuropeWater Technology Program

SWINGSSAFEGUARDING W ATER RESOURCES IN INDIA W ITH GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES

SWINGSSAFEGUARDING W ATER RESOURCES IN INDIA W ITH GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES

SWINGSSAFEGUARDING W ATER RESOURCES IN INDIA W ITH GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES

www.swingsproject.com

2012 - 2016

Objectives of the SWINGS

To develop / deploy low-cost sustainable technologies formunicipal wastewater treatment and reuse, while minimizingenergy demand, as a treatment option for rural and energy-scarce towns in India

Location of SWINGS Sites

AMU

Kalyani University (West Bengal)

Indira Gandhi National Tribal University

(Madhya Pradesh)

AMU Pilot Site

Vertical flow beds

Horizontal flow beds

Solar driven disinfection

French system

Aquaculturepond

Irrigated plots

UASB

Sludge drying beds

Composting pit

Equalizationtank

Final effluent

@GoogleEarth View

14

Questions

?

Clogging

Rain event

P removal

TN removal

Load variations

Sustainability

Climate

Vegetation

Sludge

O&M

Design

15

Technologies Adopted:UASB: up-flow anaerobic sludge blanketAnaerobic digestor French-type constructed wetland (CW)Vertical Flow CW (+ recirculation)Horizontal Flow CWPre-filtration + Solar UV disinfectionSolar Anodic OxidationDisinfection PondBank filtration

Treatment chains (integral configurations):

➢ AMU:• UASB + VF + HF + Pre-filtration + Solar Disinfection• French Type Wetlands System

➢ IGNU:• CW + Solar Anodic Oxidation

➢ KALYANI:• Bank filtration• Solar AO Disinfection

Primary treatment

Secondary treatment

Disinfection

Treatment Schemes at AMU Pilot Plant

French Type Vertical Flow CWs

Horizontal Flow CWs

RAW SEWAGE

RAW SEWAGE

Aqua-Culture Pond

(Fish Rearing)

Vertical Subsurface Flow CWs

Horizontal subsurface flow wetlands

SOLAR-DRIVEN DISINFECTION systems

Inlet UASB VF-CWs HF-CWs

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Water quality parameter at different stages

Con

cent

ratio

n, m

g/L

---

---

---

---

TSS

BOD

TKN

b

a

d

COD

c

Inlet Bed 1 Bed 2 Bed 3

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Sample location

Concentr

ation, m

g/L

---

---

---

TSS

BODb

a COD

c

1.E+00

1.E+01

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

1.E+08

Tota

l co

lifo

rms

(CF

U/1

00 m

l)

Time (Days)

Raw sewage CW Effluent After AO

S.No. Technology / Combination Approx. Cost Area Required

1. UASB + Vertical Flow Constructed

Wetlands (VF-CWs)

Capacity upto:

100m3/day

1000m3/day

5000m3/day

Rs. 22.50 Lakhs

Rs. 62.50 Lakhs

Rs. 415.50 Lakhs

220m2

1650m2

8750m2

2. Integrated Vertical and Horizontal

Flow Constructed Wetlands

Capacity upto:

100m3/day

1000m3/day

5000m3/day

Rs. 38.75 Lakhs

Rs. 102.50 Lakhs

Rs. 442.50 Lakhs

270m2

2150m2

11250m2

3. French Type Vertical Flow

Constructed Wetlands

Capacity upto:

100m3/day

1000m3/day

5000m3/day

Rs. 41.5 Lakhs

Rs. 132.50 Lakhs

Rs. 485.50 Lakhs

110m2

1250m2

5750m2

3. Solar Driven AO Disinfection (after

any of the above treatment

combinations)

Capacity upto:

10m3/day

50m3/day

Rs. 12.50 Lakhs

Rs. 44.75 Lakhs

14m2

62m2

(only treatment system cost)

KALYANI Stakeholder Forum

AMU Stakeholders Forum and International workshop on benchmarking of sewage treatment plants

Dissemination Activities

PAVITR

Potential and Validation of Sustainable Natural & Advance

Technologies for Water & Wastewater Treatment,

Monitoring and Safe Water Reuse in India

Department of Science &

Technology

Government of India

Project Duration 48 Months

European Commission

Lead Coordinator - EU Lead Coordinator - India

EU Contribution = 2.807 Million EurosIndian Contribution = INR 7.829 Crores

UPPL

The project aim to deploy, demonstrate and validate novel & innovative holistic water,wastewater management approaches for treatment & recovery of water, nutrients, andenergy from urban, peri-urban & rural perspective for their safe reuse in India. It connectthe ideas, synergy chains and co-branding each other with greater commitment to providemuch more cost-effective and sustainable solutions to deal with water challenges in India.The broad challenges that shall address by the PAVITR project are:

Wastewater treatment, with scope for nutrients/energy/water recovery, reuse, recycle and rainwater harvesting, including bioremediation technologies; Removal of emerging contaminants before they enter into the environment.

Drinking water purification with a focus on emerging pollutants, decentralized compact and modular systems.

High-resolution management, with the focus on real time monitoring and remote control systems in distribution and treatment systems.

Efficiency of water use, ensuring sustainable withdraw.

Large-scale replication, ensuring the implementation of business models strategically (e.g. Quick-Win, Green Business, Franchise Model, Profitable on-Purpose Side Effect, and Joint venture).

Finding future opportunities and know-how exchange, with the focus on learning and the combination of processes, materials and technologies.

Deliverables

30

Prototype Site Technology

1 ECL2 Pune

Remote controllable, automated and integrated

Solar Driven Water Treatment System.

TRL 4 to TRL 6

2MBBR- VFCW –

TOXIDATIONKharagpur

Advanced Oxidation for Emerging Pollutants

Removal [Toxidation].

TRL 3 to TRL 6

3 RWH DhanbadRainwater Harvesting Sytem.

TRL 6 to TRL 7-8

4 RichWater SBR Aligarh

Membrane Bioreactor with Ultra Violet

desinfection and automated fertigation. TRL 6

to TRL 7-8

Deliverables

31

Prototype Site Technology Developed / Deployed

5 RichWater SBR Dhanbad

Sequencing Batch Reactor for Water Ultra Violet

desinfection and automated fertigation.

TRL 6 to TRL 7-8

6 HRAP Agra

High Rate Alagal ponds for WWT, Fertilizer and

biostimulant production.

TRL 6 to TRL 7-8

7 MBBR NagpurMoving Bed Biofilm Reactor.

TRL 4 to TRL 6

8 SAFF NagpurSubmerged Aerobic Fixed Film

TRL 4 to TRL 6

32

Prototype Site Technology Developed / Deployed

9Willow

SystemAligarh

Nature based treatment for Energy

production through biomass gassification.

TRL 5 to TRL 8

10 FRB-CW AligarhFrench Reed Bed – Constructed Wetland

TRL 5 to TRL 8

11 SRP Aligarh

Short Rotation Plantation for production and

commercialization of Bamboos

TRL 5 to TRL 7-8

Thank you