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Innovative Materials and Structural Systems for
Resilient and Sustainable Built Infrastructure
By
Venkatesh Kodur
Dept. of Civil & Env. Engg. Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824
Pradipta Banerji, Siddhartha Ghosh and Sauvik Banerjee Dept. of Civil Engg. Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay Mumbai, India
Submitted to
National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard
Arlington, VA 22230
Indo-US Science & Technology Forum Fulbright House, 12 Hailey Road
New Delhi - 110001, India
Report No. CEE-RR – 2010/01
February 2010
NSF-IUSSTF US-India Workshop:
Innovative Materials and Structural Systems for
Resilient and Sustainable Built Infrastructure
Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
December 13-15, 2009 – Mumbai, India
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Michigan State University
East Lansing, USA
Acknowledgements
The authors of this report wish to acknowledge the following sources of financial
support:
• The National Science Foundation (NSF) through Grant No. CMMI 0829444,
awarded by the director, Dr. M. P. Singh, CMMI.
• Indo-US Science & Technology Forum (IUSSTF) awarded by Dr. A Mitra
This report is the collective effort of the Workshop Co-Chairs (Drs. V. Kodur, P. Banerji, S. Ghosh and S.
Banerjee), focus group chairs (Drs. P. Balaguru, S. K. Bhattacharya, C. Yun, and V. Kalyanaraman) and
secretaries (Drs. B. K. Raghuprasad, M. Garlock, A. Meher Prasad, and J. Rice) and invited speakers and
participants (see the list in Appendices Aand B).
The workshop was sponsored by the National Science Foundation, with the additional support of Indo-US
Science & Technology Forum, Michigan State University, and Indian Institute of Technology – Bombay.
The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of NSF,
IUSSTF, MSU and IIT-Bombay.
Disclaimer
"Any opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this material are those of the
authors and do not necessarily represent the views and opinions of the National Science
Foundation, Indo-US Science & Technology Forum, Michigan State University and
Indian Institute of Technology – Bombay."
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Executive Summary
The US-India Workshop on “Innovative Materials and Structural Systems for Resilient and Sustainable
Built Infrastructure” was organized to bring together scientists and researchers from United States and India
working on various aspects of built infrastructure. The research agenda in the workshop focused on four major
themes in built infrastructure namely: a) Innovative materials, b) Resilient structures, c) Structural health
monitoring, and d) Sustainability. In the workshop the state-of-the art in the four themes was reviewed and
research needs to develop methodologies and technologies for enhancing the resiliency of built infrastructure
under both natural (e.g., earthquake, hurricane, etc.) and man-made (e.g., blast, impact, etc.) disasters in a
sustainable and cost-effective manner we identified. Also, the workshop identified collaborative research
opportunities between U.S. and Indian researchers and facilitated mechanisms for continuing collaboration and
faculty and student exchanges.
The deliberations from presentations, panel discussions, and break-out sessions formed the basis for
developing research and training needs for improving the state-of-the-art in the four themes of built
infrastructure. The top 20 research needs for improving the state-of-the-art in built infrastructure are:
Innovative Materials
• Develop quantitative matrix for sustainability of new materials.
• Characterize materials at high temperatures (0 – 800°C).
• Develop sustainable concrete using nano particles.
• Replace Portland cement by eco-friendly materials such as alumino-silicates and phosphates.
• Develop impact resistant high temperature insulation materials.
Resilient Structures
• Develop an approach for defining and quantifying resiliency of structures in infrastructure.
• Quantify thermal (fire) loads and develop high temperature constitutive material models and
numerical models for evaluating structural response under fire exposure.
• Develop load computations, material properties under extreme loadings, and improve numerical
models for predicting blast response of structures.
• Identify correlation between seismic design and impact design and generate test data and guidelines
for impact resistant design.
• Compare and rationalize seismic design provisions in US and Indian codes and improve computer
models for predicting realistic collapse scenarios.
Structural Health Monitoring
• Develop effective wireless and MEMS sensors for large structural systems, for enabling dense
deployment at low cost.
• Develop optical fiber sensor technologies and apply for distributed sensing on large scale structural
systems, such as bridges, buildings, and pipelines.
• Identify and solve critical performance issues in piezo-electric sensors, such as wireless sensor node,
wireless sensor actuation and data retrieval.
• Address critical issues in acoustic emission techniques used for local damage detection in concrete
structures, and corrosion detection in steel structures.
• Develop effective hierarchical schemes for sensing and data processing by incorporating wireless
sensor networks and sub-structural assessment techniques.
Sustainability
• Evaluate life cycle assessment methodologies.
• Evaluate materials in terms of the life cycle sustainability.
• Develop methods for improvement of energy efficiency during operation and maintenance phase.
• Identify energy needs/consumption from a cultural and lifestyle perspective.
• Identify and develop innovative structural systems to support energy efficient infrastructure.
Full details related to above research needs, together with collaborative opportunities, are discussed in the
report. It is hoped that the research priorities identified in this report will stimulate significant new research
and training activities and result in increased research partnership among U.S. and Indian researchers in the
field of built infrastructure.
Resolution
An International Workshop on “Innovative Materials and Structural Systems for
Resilient and Sustainable Built Infrastructure” was successfully held at Indian Institute of
Technology Bombay, India on 13-15 December 2009 with the support of the U.S.
National Science Foundation and INDO-US Science & Technology Forum. A total of 37
experts from the US, India, and Korea participated in the Workshop. Participants in the
Workshop unanimously adopted the following resolution on 15th December 2009:
Whereas the rapidly evolving fields of Innovative Materials, Resilient Structural
Systems, Structural Health Monitoring and Sustainability show great promise for
providing solutions to many important societal needs ranging from safety, and security to
enhanced system performance and improved quality of life, and
Whereas the advance of these fields would benefit greatly from expanded international
collaboration and coordination of research efforts, and
Whereas the U.S. and India are poised to undertake timely joint research to advance these
fields,
It is therefore resolved that participating U.S. and Indian researchers will develop a plan
for facilitating US-India cooperation in Innovative Materials, Resilient Structural
Systems, Structural Health Monitoring and Sustainability research areas related to built
infrastructure. This plan will include:
1. Utilizing the state-of-the-art facilities and other resources available in U.S. and
India for use in collaborative research in these fields,
2. Working on joint mechanism for identifying and prioritizing common research
needs and interests,
3. Developing a framework for joint review, funding, and decision making for a
collaborative program of coordinated innovative research,
4. Identifying initial high priority research areas and specific topics related to built
infrastructure,
5. Initiating a timetable for research collaboration,
6. Exploring possible funding sources including government, industry, and other
private sources,
7. Developing a strategy for expanded international cooperation including technical
and personnel exchange, training, and education within U.S. and India through
such entities as NSF, IUSSTF, and DST.
8. Facilitating possible exchange of graduate and undergraduate students including
granting of degrees from dual institutions.
It is further recommended that National Science Foundation, IUSSTF, and DST in India
facilitate research collaborations in the four theme areas of sustainable built
infrastructure.
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Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Resolution
1. Introduction...................................................................................................................1
2. Objectives .....................................................................................................................1
3. Workshop Topics ..........................................................................................................2
4. Organizational Details ..................................................................................................3
4.1 Organizing Committee............................................................................................3
4.2 Support....................................................................................................................3
4.3 Venue ......................................................................................................................3
4.4 Participants..............................................................................................................3
4.5 Format .....................................................................................................................4
5. Research Needs Assessment .........................................................................................4
5.1 Focus Groups ..........................................................................................................4
5.2 Research Needs.......................................................................................................5
6. Future Directions ........................................................................................................13
6.1 Research ...............................................................................................................13
6.2 Research ...............................................................................................................13
6.3 Collaborations ........................................................................................................13
6.4 Training and Education.........................................................................................14
6.5 Technology Transfer .............................................................................................14
7. Appendices
A: List of Participants ................................................................................................18
B: Technical Program ................................................................................................19
C: Focus Group Members..........................................................................................22
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1. Introduction
Proper design and maintenance of civil infrastructure systems in support of economic
productivity and better living standards is a challenge faced by all nations, including
technologically advanced, developing, and also emerging economies. The recent natural
disasters (such as earthquakes, hurricanes etc.) and terrorism threats (blast and fire
effects) have altered the performance demands placed on our built infrastructure. Also,
decades of neglect and poor maintenance, has resulted in the need for repairing and
strengthening older infrastructure that are rapidly losing their functionality, due to severe
corrosion and other durability problems. Furthermore, the recent focus on environmental
concerns and depleting resources has resulted in an urgent need for developing innovative
methodologies, technologies and processes for realizing sustainable and green
infrastructure.
In the area of built infrastructure, U.S. and India are facing similar challenges with
respect to natural disasters, terrorist incidents and depleting natural resources. Also, the
recent economic boom in India, combined with the rise in living standards, and aging
infrastructure in U.S., has created a need for innovative technologies for developing
resilient and sustainable built infrastructure. Consequently, there has been significant
interest among U.S. and Indian researchers in developing new technologies to achieve
resilient and sustainable built infrastructure. Researchers in both countries are focusing
their efforts in developing innovative materials, resilient structures, monitoring
techniques and sustainable technologies and design aids for enhancing the performance
civil infrastructure systems. Unfortunately, there are limited opportunities for the
interaction between researchers from the U.S. and India.
Design, construction and maintenance of resilient and sustainable built infrastructure
require methodologies, test data, tools and innovative technologies in the areas of
materials, structures, structural health monitoring, and sustainability. Even-to-date, there
are many knowledge-gaps in these four theme areas and a number of important research
topics have not been fully explored. To review the current knowledge gaps and to
identify research needs, an U.S.-India workshop was organized on “Innovative Materials
and Structural Systems for Resilient and Sustainable Built Infrastructure”. The workshop
brought together scientists and researchers from United States and India working on the
various aspects of built infrastructure. Also, the workshop facilitated interaction between
the researchers from two countries for beginning a mutually-beneficial discourse.
2. Objectives
The primary objective of the proposed workshop was to review the state-of-the-art
and to identify collaborative opportunities aimed at research and development efforts for
achieving resilient and sustainable built infrastructure. The specific objectives of this
workshop were:-
• Review the state-of-the-art in four workshop theme areas and discuss needed test
data, models, techniques, methodologies, approaches and practices for achieving
resilient and sustainable infrastructure.
• Develop and prioritize research needs for developing innovative materials,
resilient structural systems, monitoring techniques and sustainable technologies
and practices for achieving green infrastructure.
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• Familiarize with expertise, laboratory facilities and test beds available at major
institutions in both countries for undertaking collaborative research.
• Facilitate continuing relationships between U.S. and Indian researchers in
different theme areas.
• Develop an action plan for follow-up research activities that are mutually
beneficial to both countries.
• Develop a plan to set up a suitable framework to provide the necessary support for
continued collaborative research between the Indian and U.S. scientists.
• Provide opportunity for junior faculty members from both countries to develop
collaborative research opportunities.
3. Workshop Topics
The workshop research agenda focused on four major themes: a) Innovative
materials, b) Resilient Structures, c) Structural Health Monitoring, and d) Sustainability.
A brief summary of some of the critical issues under each theme is discussed below.
Innovative Materials: Designing resilient and sustainable infrastructure requires high
performing sustainable materials. In the last three decades there have been significant
advances and innovations in materials through research and development activities. In
many cases the extensive laboratory research has resulted in modifications to the
composition of conventional construction materials to improve performance
considerations such as strength and durability. Examples of such high-performing
materials (HPM) used in civil infrastructure projects include high strength concrete
(HSC), fiber reinforced concrete, engineering wood, high strength steel, and fiber-
reinforced polymers (FRP). These HPM offer a convenient and cost-effective means in
new construction or in repair and strengthening of structures (enhancing the resilience of
structures). While these modifications and alterations lead to better performance under
ambient (room temperature) conditions, the same may not be true for extreme loading
situations such as fire exposure or high strain rates. In many cases, it has been shown that
these modifications actually deteriorate material and structural performance under fire
conditions or high strain rates. To better understand the relationship between material
properties (nano-scale) and structural performance (meso-scale), multi-scale modeling is
needed. Since many of these HPM have poor or unknown characteristics under extreme
conditions (fire, earthquake), addressing these concerns is critical for achieving resilient
infrastructure.
Resilient Structures: In recent years there is an increasing focus on designing resilient
structures to withstand loads arising from extreme events. While some advances have
been made with regard to certain loading conditions (earthquake), there are still
significant knowledge gaps under certain other loading events (blast, fire). Consequently,
much still needs to be done to improve the resilience of our infrastructure for extreme and
multiple loading events. Another advancement that is occurring in structural engineering
is in retrofitting technologies for strengthening of existing structures, to withstand loads
arising from extreme events. However, many issues related to basic properties of
materials that include bond characteristics, adhesion and cohesiveness properties, and to
structural issues, such as configuration, stability and other overall structure behavior is
not fully understood. Also, there are many hazards and structural systems to be
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considered for resiliency, and a performance based approach needs to be developed for
resilient designs.
Structural Health Monitoring: Much of the infrastructure in the U.S., as well as in
India, is deteriorating at a rapid pace and needs to be monitored to assess performance.
Such monitoring can lead to early detection of problems and prevent catastrophic
collapses such as Minnesota bridge collapse in 2007. While some advances have been
made in structural health monitoring techniques, there is still much more research needed
to develop reliable and practical (self-powered sensors) detection technologies for cost-
effective structural health monitoring.
Sustainability: The recent trend in U.S. and rest of the world is focused on reducing
carbon emissions. Since construction sector forms about 15% of nation's GDP, and
contributes to significant carbon emissions, there is a strong need on innovative
technologies and materials to achieve sustainability in construction. This can be achieved
through a number of ways including enhancing the life span of infrastructure, utilizing
green materials, efficient processes and technologies, reducing life cycle costs and
implementing efficient designs. At present there are significant knowledge gaps and lack
of proper strategies for achieving sustainability in construction.
4. Organizational Details
4.1 Organizing Committee
This workshop was planned and organized by:
• Dr. Venkatesh Kodur, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at
Michigan State University (MSU) and Dr. Surendra Shah, Department of Civil
and Environmental Engineering at Northwestern University, IL, USA.
• Drs. Pradipta Banerji, Siddhartha Ghosh and Sauvik Banerjee, Department of
Civil Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India.
4.2 Support
This workshop was funded by NSF under Grant no. CMMI 0829444 and IUSSTF.
The NSF grant included travel support for 11 U.S. faculty members to attend the
workshop, while IUSSTF grant covered the local expenses incurred in Mumbai, India. In
addition Michigan State University and Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay provided
in-kind support.
4.3 Venue
The workshop was held on December 13-15, 2010 at the Indian Institute of
Technology-Bombay, Mumbai, India.
4.4 Participants
The participation in the workshop was by invitation only and selected by the
workshop co-chairs. Researchers, Scientists and Practitioners from U.S., India and Korea
attended the workshop. Two researchers from Korea were invited due to their expertise in
structural health monitoring theme and also their ongoing collaboration with U.S. faculty.
A list of participants together with designation and affiliation is given in Appendix A.
4.5 Format
The technical program of the workshop was two days long and consisted of four
technical sessions, four breakout sessions, and a concluding session. A pre-workshop
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sight-seeing visit of Mumbai was arranged for U.S. delegates on December 13. In
addition, a number of informal social exchanges and a dinner event were organized to
provide researchers from two countries for mutual interactions.
The technical sessions focused on the reviewing the state-of-the-art in four themes of
the workshop. The presentations by U.S. and Indian delegates covered the on-going
research in innovative materials, resilient structural systems, health monitoring, and
sustainability themes as it relates to built infrastructure. Following the presentations,
panel discussions deliberated on the ongoing research, expertise, laboratory facilities and
test beds available at major institutions in both countries for undertaking collaborative
research. The interaction following the technical presentations gave participants a better
idea of how they can work with each other. Informal social exchange opportunities and
meetings were used by the participants to be acquainted on a more personal level with
each other.
The breakout sessions, and the concluding session, helped to discuss and prioritize
research needs for developing innovative materials, resilient structural systems,
monitoring techniques and sustainable technologies and practices for achieving green
infrastructure in U.S., India and beyond. During the concluding session, workshop
participants unanimously adopted a resolution for undertaking collaborative research in
built infrastructure field and facilitating student and faculty exchanges between U.S. and
India. Also, elaborative discussions took place among U.S. and Indian researchers on
action plan for follow-on activities, consideration of mutual understanding of the needs,
resources, and also limitations.
5. Research Needs Assessment
5.1 Focus Groups
Most of the second day of the workshop was spent deliberating and discussing
research needs related to sustainable built infrastructure through focus group break out
sessions. The objective of these focus group sessions was to identify and prioritize
research needs based on the presentations and panel discussions on the first and second
day. Each workshop participant was assigned to one of three focus groups based on their
expertise, practice area (academia, research, government/industry), and familiarity with
the field. In some cases the participant was randomly selected so that the size and
balance of interests/perspectives in each group was about equivalent. The four groups
and their designated discussion topics were:
• Group A: Innovative materials
• Group B: Resilient Systems
• Group C: Structural Health Monitoring
• Group D: Sustainability
A list of the participants in each group is given in Appendix C. Groups A, B, C and D
had 7, 7, 8 and 7 participants respectively. Each focus group was assigned a Chair and
Secretary (selected by the workshop co-chairs) who were responsible for moderating the
discussion, staying on the subject, stimulating contributions from everyone, and
recording the group’s key observations and recommendations. More specifically, these
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focus groups were assigned the final task of summarizing their deliberations by
identifying the top ten research needs within their topic. Before the participants broke
out into their groups, several start-up issues were suggested as initial topics. The focus
group, chair and secretaries subsequently presented the outcome of the discussions to the
entire workshop audience.
The focus group sessions went very well with lively exchanges and productive input
from all in attendance. These sessions consumed their full assigned time, and the
recording secretary subsequently prepared a written summary of the proceedings and top
ten recommendations. There was general difficulty in reducing the many issues raised to
only the maximum ten items per group. Each recommended item was to have a
descriptive title together with a short paragraph description. There were incidental
repetitions and overlapping of issues, however, these proved constructive in highlighting
several broader high-priority needs for sustainable built infrastructure.
5.2 Research Needs
The following are the research needs in four theme areas as identified by the
Workshop participants.
5.2.1 Theme A – Innovative Materials
Panel: P. Balaguru (Chair), B. K. Raghu Prasad (Secretary), S. P. Shah, S. K.
Bhattacharyya, V.K.R. Kodur, U. Verma, G. Prabhakar
• Development of quantitative matrix for sustainability of new materials: There is
a need for a comprehensive survey of existing technologies and materials in the area.
This will be very useful for the researchers both in the developing and developed
countries.
• Material characterisation at high temperatures (0 – 800 deg C): Basic constitutive
properties of construction materials such as concrete at various temperatures are
needed for developing analytical and design models. Most tests are done determine
strengths of basic materials and structural components. Information such as stress-
strain relationships at various temperatures have to be developed so that analytical
models can be developed for prediction of structural behaviour such as load-
deflection relationships at elevated temperatures.
• Use of Nano particles for the development of sustainable concrete: Nano carbon
fibers have been used in cement pastes to develop smart materials. Nano clay has
been used to improve the flow characteristics of fresh concrete. Excellent potential
still exist for using nano-technology for improving both short and long term
properties. One such example is nano modification of fly ash for improving the its
contribution
• Eco-friendly materials to replace Portland cement such as Alumino-silicates and Phosphates: Replacement for Portland cement is real challenging problem. However
there is an excellent potential for using industrial by products to develop alternate
cementations material.
• Experimental evaluation and numerical modeling of fracture of thick concrete
containment vessel.
• Impact resistant high temperature insulation material: Most of the current
insulating materials used in construction lose their mechanical resistance after
exposure to high temperature. There is a critical need for the development of
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structural insulating material that will provide insulation under a combination of
impact and high temperature exposure.
• Functionally graded concepts for development of blast resistant panels: Most of
the current technology is focused on improving the blast resistance using stronger,
stiffer or tougher materials. There is a need to use the physics of waves to create blast
resistant panels that can be used in any application.
• Nuclear structures as test beds: Use of nuclear structures as test bed for
development of SCC incorporating nanotechnology (nano particles, nano catalysts,
CNT etc.) for processing, prevention of heat generation and internal cracking. Use of
Nuclear structures as test beds for evaluation of alternative corrosion resistant
reinforcement, liner materials and coating. A number of power plants are currently
being built in India. These facilities can be used as a test bed for evaluating a number
of new techniques such as SCC, fracture of large concrete structural elements, use of
nano particles, prevention of cracking in large concert components.
• Self cleaning/ healing materials: Extending life of existing structures using self
cleaning / healing and abrasion resistant micro / nano coating, photovoltaic cells &
other energy efficient characteristics (multifunctional). The new technologies
available in these areas should be explored for developing field applicable and
economical systems. The science exists in the current literature but a method for filled
use is needed.
5.2.2 Theme B – Resilient Structural Systems
Panel: B. Bhattacharya (Chair), M. Garlock (Secretary), M. Engelhardt, T.K. Datta, A.
Agarwal, G.R. Reddy, G. Thiagarajan
Resiliency
• Define resiliency: Resiliency needs to be given a qualitative and quantitative
definition and one that considers single hazard and multi-hazard. The metric
(quantitative measure) should be based on reliability and a multi-hazard framework.
• Develop a design approach for resilient designs: Since there are many hazards and
structural systems to be considered for resiliency, a performance-based approach is
recommended and needs to be developed for each.
• Study resiliency of infrastructure systems: The resiliency of lifelines (water, power,
communication), transportation (bridges, tunnels, subways, roads), and nonstructural
components of an infrastructure system must also be studied and improved since
these are essential systems for maintaining the city/society operational after a hazard.
• Resilient cities: Resiliency, in a broader sense, should also be examined as it relates
to the social and economic characteristics of a city.
• Effect of climate change: Global climate change is likely to reduce the frequency of
major 100 Year flood drastically. Sea levels in the New York City metropolitan areas
will rise by 18-60 cm by 2050. The likelihood of major 100-yr flood could become
as frequent as once in 43 years by the 2020s, once in 19 years by the 2050s and once
in 4 years by the 2080s, on average, in the most extreme case. There is therefore a
need to develop scenarios and understand the impacts of climate change (e.g.,
frequency of 100-yr flood, hydraulic collapses) etc. for bridges and other structures.
With respect to bridges, we need to understand what this means in terms of failure of
a bridge not designed for scour or the one designed for scour considering longer 100
year floor return period event. Climate change will produce accelerated material
deterioration because of frequent exposure to floods and unanticipated modes of
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failure of components not designed for extended exposure to flooding. Assuming a
service life of 75 years, climate change effects are likely to affect life and
functionality of bridges currently designed, constructed and exiting bridges
undergoing major rehabilitation. There is a need to do life cycle cost of bridges
because of climate change effects.
Fire
Performance-based approaches for structural fire safety are needed since “resiliency”
applies to the whole lifetime of a structure and fire can be a primary event, or follow
other events such as blast, impact, and earthquakes. Specifically, the following research
needs were identified:
• Defining the proper thermal loads: We need to develop appropriate representations
of a fire load (meaning time-temperature histories) for different scenarios (for
example the type of compartment in a building or the type of fuel in a bridge fire).
Fire loads, like earthquake loads, cannot be predicted with high precision, yet in both
cases we need to make educated estimations for design purposes. While several
parametric fire models exist for a fire contained in a compartment, many significant
fires (e.g. at the WTC and Meridian Plaza) were not contained in a compartment
because most of the floor was open. Simple fire models for such spaces are not
established. For bridges, even less is known about fire loads than for buildings.
• Defining high temperature material models: There is not enough information (e.g.
experimental data) on high temperature material properties and the information that
exists has high variability. This data is needed for reliable modeling of structural
response.
• Improved modeling of structural response: To develop performance-based (fire-
safe) designs, we need to properly represent the structure elements such as beams,
columns, connections, and develop tools to predict performance (e.g., nonlinear
behavior of concrete structures). We also need simplified models of the response for
validation of the complex models and for development of a design procedure. The
models need to be validated with experimental data, which is another research need.
With appropriate models, resistance curves for structural response can be established.
• Develop performance-based criteria for fire design: In the performance-based
design approach we need to relate a performance level (i.e., the amount of damage in
a structure) to the fire input level (i.e., the fire intensity and characteristics).
Performance levels are defined by structural limit states (e.g. excessive deflections,
buckling, yielding, etc). These limit states and the performance-based criteria need to
be clearly identified.
Blast Future research in the area of Blast Resistant Structures could focus on three areas
namely load computations, material properties under extreme loadings and improved
modeling of structural response.
• Load computations: Reliability based prediction of blast loads on a structure for
numerical analysis purposes and accurate modeling of loads on realistic structures in
a blast event is a critical need in this area. The development of prediction models is
an interdisciplinary area of research involving shock physics and structural
interactions.
• Define material properties under extreme loadings: Understanding material
behavior under high strain rate loading, such as those experienced in a blast event, is
necessary for the development of material models. Steel and concrete have been
8
subjects of extensive research and many new modern and more suitable materials
(such as fiber reinforced plastic) need to be similarly investigated. Experimental
methods available for performing such research is also not reliable in many situations
and the results obtained have be carefully interpreted in the context of the
experimental boundary conditions and limitations. Hence, there is a critical need for
developing reliable experimental methods and subsequently performing experiments
themselves.
• Improved modeling of structural response: Another critical need is in the area of
prediction of the structural response to blast loading. This prediction is a combination
of structural testing to predict component behavior – such as panels, columns, beams,
connection details, bridge piers etc. leading to the development of resistance curves
that can be readily incorporated in designs and the development of suitable element
modeling techniques that can be readily used in computer programs. Component level
using advanced materials suitable for such an application is a need in this area.
Testing would help establish performance levels for design in design and analysis
applications and would help identify limit states of failure and collapse sequences. It
is also recommended that benchmark tests be developed and sponsored that would
provide data for any researcher to develop various models. Currently, many tests are
limited in the availability of data due to defense related application issues. There is
especially a need for blast research for bridges. Benchmark tests on response of
bridge components subject to blast loads for sharing data among researchers. Finally,
it is recommended that the interaction of blast and hence a resulting fire that could
develop and the structural response in this multi-hazard environment be investigated
further.
Impact
Within the context of resilient bridges, impact is an important research need.
Specifically:
• Identify correlation between seismic design and impact design: The capacity of
bridges to sustain impact loads also affects their performance during other extreme
hazards (blast, earthquakes). However, impact demands may be conflicting with
seismic demands. There is a need to find this correlation in demands and capacity for
the two hazards.
• Produce experimental data on bridge impact: Experimental data on the impact of
trucks on bridge piers is needed since very few data on such an event during
controlled a environment exists. FEM models can then be calibrated using this
experimental/field testing data for predicting the behavior of bridge components
subject to impact hazards.
• Design guidelines for impact: There is a need for improved guidelines (detailing,
material etc.) and fragility curves for bridge components subject to impact loads.
Earthquake Significant advances have been made in recent decades in better understanding the
response and improving the safety of structures subjected to earthquake loading. Notable
advances include developments in concepts for ductile detailing and design, improved
computational tools, concepts of performance-based design, innovative structural systems
and innovative protective technologies. However, despite these advances, large
earthquakes continue to cause massive loss of life and property, and cause large
disruptions to the communities they strike. Consequently, much still needs to be done to
improve the resilience of our infrastructure for major earthquakes. Following are some
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specific areas of need, with an emphasis on potential future collaborations between India
and the US.
• Low cost seismic retrofit: A major threat to life safety in the U.S., India and many
other countries is the large stock of existing structures that are vulnerable to collapse
in earthquakes, particularly older nonductile reinforced concrete and masonry
structures. There is an urgent need for techniques for improving the collapse
resistance of these structures. Seismic rehabilitation techniques are needed that are
very low cost, that take careful consideration of local materials and construction
practices, and that take into consideration local political and governmental barriers
and opportunities.
• Comparison of U.S.-Indian seismic codes and rationalization of Indian seismic code provisions: To foster future U.S.-Indian cooperation in earthquake engineering,
it would be beneficial if both sides develop a better understanding of the seismic
codes and typical practices for seismic-resistant design and construction in each
country. A mutual understanding of codes and practices can help to define
opportunities to improve each country’s codes and practices, and helps guide future
research to develop solutions that can be readily implemented in codes.
• Improved computer simulations for predicting nonlinear behavior up to collapse: High quality computational tools that can predict the response of structures
to earthquake loading are of fundamental importance in making advances in
mitigating earthquake effects on structures. While large advances have been made in
predicting the elastic and post-elastic response of structures to earthquakes, the ability
to predict when structural collapse will occur in an earthquake is not yet in hand. This
is true for all types of structures, but is particularly true for the types of structural
systems that are most vulnerable to collapse: nonductile reinforced concrete and
masonry structures. Better computational methods and tools are needed that can
predict the nonlinear responses of structures up to the collapse limit state. Further,
these tools need experimental validation and there is a need to better understand and
quantify modeling uncertainty.
• Provide rapid and inexpensive post-earthquake shelters for those affected: Major
earthquakes can leave tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of people without
housing. Research is needed to develop in expensive temporary shelters that can be
rapidly deployed after a major earthquake.
• Fire following earthquake: Major earthquakes are often followed by major fires.
Post-earthquake fires can result in significant added loss of life and property, beyond
the direct damage caused by the earthquake itself. Conventional methods of providing
fire safety in buildings (passive and active fire protection, fire department response)
are often ineffective following an earthquake, leaving buildings and their occupants
highly vulnerable to fire. Research is needed to mitigate the dangers of post-
earthquake fires.
• Innovative energy dissipation and protective systems: Significant advances have
been made in the development of energy dissipation devices and other protective
systems such as base isolation and semi-active and active control systems. However,
many of these techniques have not been widely implemented and have therefore not
made a significant impact on earthquake hazard mitigation. Research is needed to
further develop innovative energy dissipation and protective systems that are practical
and economical and can be easily implemented with the constraints of the design and
construction industries in India and in the U.S.
10
Other Natural Hazards Natural hazards such as hurricanes and typhoons have been causing extensive damages to
structures around the world. Damages to bridges and buildings during hurricane Katrina
is an example of extensive damages caused. Research needs in this area are similar to
those above and are summarized as follows:
• Characterize loads: For all structures there is uncertainty in analysis of structural
behavior, including uncertainty in loads. The load needs to be defined with more
certainty so that the structure can be designed for the expected performance. For
example, load characterization of hurricanes needs to be researched (e.g., typical
hurricane for analysis and simulations similar to typical time-history for earthquake
analysis) as does the characterization of loading because of hurricane induced wave
surge and flooring.
• Study the effects of water intrusion: For buildings, water intrusion (e.g., through
windows breaking, cracks) and effects of water intrusion on the stability of the
buildings need to be addressed.
• “Other”: In addition to that listed above, the integrity of the building envelope and
the behavior of connections need to be studied. For bridges, progressive collapse of
bridges as observed during hurricane Katrina needs to be studied so that proper
redundancy is included in future bridge designs. And the fluid-structure interaction
for bridges subject wave surge (as observed during hurricane Katrina) during
hurricanes needs to be studied as well.
5.2.3 Theme C – Structural Health Monitoring
Panel: C. Yun (Chair), A Meher Prasad (Secretary), S. Banerjee, B. Spencer, P. Banerji,
N. Chandiramani, H. Jung, S.K. Deb, N. Raut
•••• Wireless and MEMS Sensors: Wireless sensors and wireless sensor networks
incorporating MEMS technology shall be developed for large structural systems,
which enables dense deployment at low cost. Critical issues for improvements are
data synchronization, missing data recovery, decentralized on-board processing,
autonomous operation, and power management including power harvesting.
•••• Optical Fiber Sensors: Optical fiber sensor technologies need to be further
developed and applied for distributed sensing on large structural systems, such as
bridges, buildings, tunnels, dams, and pipelines. Optical fiber sensor packages
suitable to large structural systems under harsh environment shall be developed, and
cost reduction of total system including laser source shall be also achieved.
•••• Piezo-electric Sensors and Sensing: Piezo-electric sensor is an emerging tool for
local damage detection. Critical issues for R&D are wireless sensor node, wireless
sensor actuation and data retrieval, reference-free damage detection algorithm,
statistical pattern recognition techniques for damage diagnosis, establishment of
database for diagnosis, and integration of experimental and analytical methods.
•••• Acoustic Emission: Acoustic emission techniques are widely applied in various
fields, such as local damage detection of concrete structures, and corrosion detection
of steel structures. The critical issues are wireless AE sensor node, low-power
amplifier, selection of feasible waveform, localization of acoustic source, and
canceling of noise signal.
11
•••• Decentralized Data Processing and Assessment: Decentralized schemes for
sensing, data processing /management, and diagnosis are essential to deal with real-
scale large structures. Effective hierarchical schemes for sensing and data processing
need to be developed incorporating wireless sensor networks and sub-structural
assessment techniques.
•••• Data Mining and Fusion for Assessment: Identification of effective engineering
features is critical to the success of damage assessment. Combined usage of different
types of measured information such as local data (i.e., strain, electromechanical
impedance, waves) and global data (i.e., acceleration, deflection) is beneficial to the
diagnosis as well as prognosis at high accuracy.
•••• Integrity Assessment: The structural integrity has been traditionally assessed using
the relationships between the measured quantities and the damage related parameters
derived from the mechanics. However, soft-computing techniques, such as neural
networks, outlier analysis, and support vector machine, may be more effectively used
to deal with various types of information without human’s subject intervention
•••• Integration with Maintenance Operations: The SHM system needs to be integrated
with the conventional maintenance operations, such as inspection, rating, and repair.
Systematic ways to demonstrate the benefit of the additional cost of the SHM system
shall be developed in terms of reliability and life cycle cost, and in decision-making
on the maintenance strategies.
•••• Prognosis Technologies for Extreme Events: The conventional SHM and
subsequent damage assessment may provide good estimation for the changes in the
stiffness properties of the structure, but not for the remaining strength and life. R&Ds
are required in the strength assessment to assess the safety of the structure in the
future extreme events in real-time or semi real-time manner.
•••• SHM on Foundation Structures: Foundation structures as well as superstructures
need to be monitored to ensure the safety of whole structures. R&Ds are required for
monitoring abnormality of foundation systems, such as scouring of bridge piers,
malfunctioning of bridge bearings, and contact condition of massive foundations.
5.2.4 Theme D – Sustainability
Panel: V. Kalyanaraman (Chair), J. Rice (Secretary), Y. Zhang, A. Shrivastava, S.
Mishra, S. Ghosh, S. Nagarajaiah
• Evaluation of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies: Efforts are required to
evaluate and improve life cycle assessment methods so they are both standardized and
objective. This assessment should address the materials, the construction process,
and the entire structural system using a probabilistic framework.
• Evaluation of materials in terms of the life cycle sustainability: The economical
and energy costs of building material manufacturing and processing vary widely
between materials. Current assessments of these costs also vary according to the
calculation and assessment methodologies that are used. A standard method for
assessing the total embodied energy, cost, carbon footprint, and renewability of
materials is required. The evaluation must include long-term performance and effects
using common methodologies across varying materials.
12
• Methods for improvement of energy efficiency during operation and maintenance phase: The design and creation of innovative structural system to
accommodate the need for sustainable building, including improved energy
efficiency. For example, steel frames to support exterior building skin can also be
used for lateral force resistance (the benefit is easy inspection after an earthquake)
• Identification of energy needs/consumption from a cultural and lifestyle perspective: Infrastructure/building energy needs are often a function of the specific
country, region, or climate in which they are located. These energy demands may
also be affected by available resources and cultural norms. Energy optimization and
sustainable design efforts must be tailored to these differences.
• Identification and development of innovative structural systems to support energy efficient infrastructure: Examples include using a green roof as an adaptable
mass damper, morphing structural forms, novel structural forms to support solar
energy usage, natural ventilation and lighting, etc. These systems result from the
complementary integration of structural systems and non-structural elements to
improve sustainability.
• Systemic sustainability modeling and supporting data generation: Comprehensive models are required to gain a better understanding of system-level
sustainability performance. An example of this approach is multi-hazard assessment.
To validate and enhance model development, experimental and full-scale data must
be gathered and analyzed.
• Development of a consistent and widely accepted sustainability metric(s): One
challenge in the area of sustainability research is the lack of a standard measure of the
sustainability of a system and or/material. Efforts are required to create consistent
metrics of sustainability that are both comprehensive and broadly applicable.
• Innovative materials for sustainability: Improved system-level sustainability
requires the development and investigation of novel building materials. These efforts
may include the development of coatings for improved durability, renewable
materials, adaptable materials, etc. Methods for accelerated long-term material
evaluation and the investigation of degradation mechanisms should be considered. It
is also critical to address potential challenges associated with employing new
materials to create sustainable structural systems, including the assessment of their
projected demands and load carrying capacities (gravity and lateral).
• Evaluation of local materials for sustainable design: Improved building
sustainability, especially for non-urban areas, may be addressed through the
utilization of locally available materials, e.g. bamboo, stone, earth, etc. These
materials must be assessed from both structural and sustainability perspectives.
• Structural monitoring approaches: Advanced structural monitoring techniques can
be used for service life extension, the design and assessment of retrofit strategies, the
evaluation of indoor air quality and the interior environment, and the assessment of
systemic energy performance to support overall structural sustainability.
6. Future Directions
6.1 General
The demand from society to provide safety and security in our built environment
during extreme events is ever growing. Life safety in an emergency situation depends
largely on the robustness, redundancy, and structural integrity of the built-environment.
The deteriorating infrastructure, as well as the recent spurt in natural disasters (such as
13
hurricanes, earthquakes etc.) and terrorist incidents, have created need for resilient built-
infrastructure. Further, the dwindling resources and growing environmental concerns
require engineers to develop and maintain infrastructure in a sustainable means.
The state-of-the-art review presented at the workshop clearly indicated that there is
lack of reliable data, models, technologies and practices in all four workshop themes.
The research needs identified in this report are specific examples of what is needed to
advance the state-of-the-art, close the knowledge gap, and increase our understanding to
achieve resilient and sustainable infrastructure.
The mobilization of such research and development activity in the built infrastructure
area requires support from granting agencies. However, there also needs to be significant
collaboration, international and domestic, between academic research institutions,
industry and professional societies. Also, there is a strong need to train and educate
future faculty, researchers, and practitioners through higher education experiences and
technology transfer. A more detailed discussion of each of these topics is given below.
6.2 Research
Prioritized research needs were identified and are discussed in Section 5. Expansion
of research in these areas will not only generate the critical results that fill voids in the
knowledge base, but it will also attract additional researchers and university faculty to
research in built infrastructure area and lead to the development of new graduates well-
qualified to undertake research, teaching and technology transfer. Successful completion
of research will produce design methodologies, innovative materials, new test methods,
new monitoring techniques, and sustainable technologies and processes. Dependent on
the merits of the research conclusions and recommendations, its subsequent technology
transfer may eventually lead to substantive changes in design codes and standards.
6.3 Collaborations
The implementation of the above recommendations is likely to foster more and closer
cooperative efforts among U.S. and Indian researchers, various government agencies,
structural engineering practitioners, the construction industry, relevant professional
organizations, and regulatory bodies. The progression of these coupled interactions will
precipitate the evolution of new major field, as it becomes better developed and more
widely established. In a broader context, policy-makers, the media, and the general
public must also become more involved as active stakeholders in these undertakings to
demand improved methodologies, technologies and processes for realizing resilient
structural systems in the built environment.
For achieving faster results, the key collaborations are to be developed at the
international level. It should extend beyond U.S. and India to European community and
the Pacific Rim, where much of the recent advancements and proficiency in this field
may be found. In this manner, individual country-based advances can be more widely
shared for the mutual good of society and the profession. Multi-country partnerships can
also be formed for this purpose in order to optimize use of limited resources (including
budgets and experimental facilities), similar to past successes in earthquake and wind
engineering.
The scope and breadth of needs in this field dictates that a large, well coordinated and
multi-year collaborative plan, with significant available resources and expert guidance,
will be necessary to move forward. Smaller, intermittent and narrowly focused project
14
work will certainly continue to resolve more limited questions in due time, but this will
ultimately not be fruitful in collectively advancing the state-of-the-art in an organized
manner.
6.4 Training and Education
Besides the aforementioned corollary benefits from increased research activity on the
above listed research topics, U.S. and Indian universities, faculty and students will greatly
benefit by undertaking collaborative research projects. The development of curricula,
course modules, and other teaching aids, which will be out come of collaborative
research projects will expedite the transition to increased coverage of the workshop
theme topics within related classes, as well as in fully dedicated new course offerings.
Continuing education programs for practitioners and faculty who have not been
sufficiently exposed to these theme subjects will increase the profession’s awareness and
related knowledge. These efforts should all serve to remove the current obstacles to an
adequate understanding of issues related to sustainable built infrastructure and enlarge the
professional and research base of this unique new specialty.
6.5 Technology Transfer
Technology transfer is an absolutely vital final part of a successful technical
endeavor. It typically consists of the dissemination of the research findings, design or
material innovations through publications, professional review and discussion, adoption
by consensus committee(s) into national code and standard provisions, continuing
education, and ultimately implementation for mainstream design and construction
practice. Without this process, even the best developments can languish due to lack of
general acceptance or understanding.
Such technology transfer has already started. Some of the participants in this
workshop attended a follow-up U.S.-India conference on “Concrete in Extreme Events:
Innovative solutions for design, Construction and Retrofitting”. This workshop was
organized by Indian Concrete Institute and other organizations in India on t16th
of
December 2009 at the Nehru Science Center in Mumbai, India with the aim of
technology transfer. The ideas and needed guidance for organizing this workshop was
provided by Drs. V. Kodur and S. Shah. Five researchers from U.S. and four researchers
from India gave keynote presentation on various topics related to concrete under extreme
conditions. This workshop was attended and well appreciated by over 200 attendees
(researchers, practitioners, faculty and consultants) from many parts of India. Another
workshop in the area of built infrastructure is currently being discussed with Indian
organizations.
Successful technology transfer of major overhauls in design/construction entails
contributions from all of the previously listed items - collaboration, research, and
training/education from the entire academic, professional, commercial and public sectors.
This reality reinforces the need for a well planned and managed U.S.-India program, in
collaboration with academia, professional societies, industry, and codes and standards
writing organizations, to best accomplish this challenging objective.
Appendix
A. List of Participants
B. Final Program
C. Focus Group Members
18
Appendix A: List of Participants
No Name Designation Affiliation*
1 Kodur Venkatesh Professor CEE, Michigan State University
2 Surendra Shah Professor CE, Northwestern University
3 Bill Spencer Professor & Chair
CE, University of Illinois at Urbana
Champaign
4 Yunfeng Zhang Associate Professor CE, University of Maryland
5 Perumalsamy Balaguru Professor CE, Rutgers University
6 Maria Garlock Assisstant Professor CE, Princeton University
7 Mahendra Singh Director
Civil, Mechanical and Material Innovation
Division, National Science Foundation
8 Anil Kumar Agarwal Professor CE, City college of New York
9 Michael D. Engelhardt Professor CE, University of Texas at Arlington
10 Jennifer Rice Associate Professor CE, Texas Tech University
11 Ganesh Thiagarajan Associate Professor
Civil & Mechanical Engineering, University
of Missouri
12 Satish Nagarajaiah Professor Civil & Mech. Eng., Rice University
13 Nikhil Raut Ph.D. Candidate CEE, Michigan State University
14 Chung Bang Yun Professor
CE, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and
Technology
15 Jung Hyung-Jo Professor
CE, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and
Technology
16 Nishritha Bopana Scientific Officer Indo-U.S. Science and Technology Forum
17 T.K. Datta Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi
18 V. Kalyanaraman Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Madras
19 S. K. Bhattacharya Director Central Building Research Institute
20 B. K. Raghuprasad Professor Indian Institute of Science
21 G. R. Reddy President Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
22 A Meher Prasad Professor Indian Institute of Technology Madras
23 Sajak K. Deb Professor Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
24 U. S. P. Verma Executive Director Nuclear Power Corporation of India
25 Sudhir Mishra Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur
26 Arvind Shrivastava Addl. Chief Engineer Nuclear Power Corporation of India
27 Prabhakar Gundlapalli Addl. Chief Engineer Nuclear Power Corporation of India
28 B. Bhattacharya Associate Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Kharagapur
29 Pradipta Banerji Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
30 Alok Goyal Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
31 Ravi Sinha Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
32 Y. M. Desai Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
33 R. S. Jangid Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
34 Naresh K. Chandiramani Associate Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
35 Siddhartha Ghosh Associate Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
36 Sauvik Banerjee Associate Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
* CE – Civil Engineering, CEE – Civil & Environmental Engineering
19
U.S. Researchers in front of the Gateway of India, Mumbai, India, during the US-
India workshop (left to right, front to back - Bill Spencer, Perumalsamy Balaguru,
Michael D. Engelhardt , Jennifer Rice, Kodur Venkatesh, Maria Garlock, Yunfeng
Zhang, missing: Surendra Shah, Mahendra Singh, Anil Kumar Agarwal, Ganesh
Thiagarajan, Satish Nagarajaiah, and Nikhil Raut)
20
Appendix B: Technical Program
US (NSF) - India (IUSTF) Workshop: Innovative Materials and Structural Systems for Resilient and Sustainable Built Infrastructure Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai, India
14 - Dec – 2009 8:30 – 9:00 Registration
Inaugural Session 9:00 – 9:45 Moderator: S. Ghosh, IITB*, India
9:00 – 9:05 Opening Remark S. Ghosh, IITB, India
9:05 – 9:10 Workshop Opening Y.M. Desai, Head, CE, IITB, India
9:10 – 9:20 Welcome Remarks M.P. Singh, NSF, USA
9:20 – 9:30 Welcome Remarks N. Bopana, IUSSTF, India
9:30 – 9:40 Workshop Objectives V. Kodur, MSU, USA
9:40 – 9:45 Workshop Overview S. Banerjee, IITB, India
9:45 – 10:30 High Tea
Session 1: Innovative Materials 10:30 – 12:45 Moderator: V. Kalyanaraman, IIT-M, India
KP 10:30 – 10:50
Innovative processing of concrete and nanotechnology
S. Shah, Northwestern University, USA
KP 10:50 – 11:10 Energy efficient materials for building structures
S.K. Bhattacharyya, CBRI, India
P 11:10 – 11:20 Innovative strategies for overcoming fire performance issues associated with materials and structure systems
V. Kodur, MSU, USA
P 11:20 – 11:30
Innovative structural systems for Buildings
B.K. Raghuprasad, IISc, India
P 11:30 – 11:40
Nano/micro composites for extending the life of existing structures
P. Balaguru, Rutgers University, USA
P 11:40 – 11:50 USP Verma NPCIL
11:50 – 12:45 Panel Discussion All Speakers
13:00 – 14:00 Lunch Session 2: Resilient Structural Systems 14:00 – 16:15 Moderator: P. Balaguru, Rutgers University, USA
21
KP 14:00 – 14:20 Resilient structural systems M. Engelhardt, UTA, USA
KP 14:20 – 14:40 Control of offshore structures for extreme loading
T.K. Datta, IITD, India
P 14:40 – 14:50 Post-tensioned steel moment resisting frames: resilient and sustainable earthquake design
M. Garlock, Princeton University, USA
P 14:50 – 15:00 Infrastructure systems reliability involving nonstructural components
B. Bhattacharya, IITKGP,
India
P 15:00 – 15:10 Current aging highway infrastructures and future challenges
A. Agarwal, CCNY, USA
P 15:10 – 15:20 Nonlinear behavior of RCC components and structures
G.R. Reddy,
BARC,India
P 15:20 – 15:30 Modeling and development of resilient structural systems subjected to extreme loading
G. Thiagarajan, University of Missouri, USA
15:30 – 16:15 Panel Discussion All Speakers
16:15 – 16:30 Coffee Break
Session 3: Structural Health Monitoring 16:30 – 18:45 Moderator: S.K. Bhattacharya, CBRI, India
KP 16:30 – 16:50 SHM : State of art and research needs B. Spencer, UIUC, USA
KP 16:50 – 17:10 SHM in India: Some thoughts P.Banerji, IITB, India
P 17:10 – 17:20 SHM and assessment methods for civil infra-structure : Research needs
C. Bang Yun, KAIST Korea
P 17:20 – 17:30 SHM research in IIT Madras A. Meher Prasad, IITM, India
P 17:30 – 17:40 Smart wireless sensor network-based SHM system for cable-stayed bridge
J. Hyung-Jo, KAIST Korea
P 17:40 – 17:50 SHM research at IIT Guhawati S.K. Deb, IITG, India
17:50 – 18:4530 Panel Discussion All Presenters
19:15 – 21:45 Dinner Gulmohar Building, 3rd Floor
15 - Dec – 2009
Session 4: Sustainability 9:00 – 11:00 Moderator: A. Agarwal, CCNY, USA
LP 9:00 – 9:20 Development of sustainable building structures for disaster resilient mega-cities
Y. Zhang, UMD, USA
LP 9:20 – 9:40 Sustainable construction in structural steel for modern structures
V. Kalyanaraman, IITM, India
P 9:40 – 9:50 Time frequency methods for damage identification, SHM, life cycle assessment and sustainability
S. Nagarajaiah, Rice University, USA .
P 9:50 – 10:00 Monitoring and maintenance of infrastructure - a major challenge to civil engineers
S. Misra, India
P 10:00 -10:10 Smart sensors : Tools for sustainable infrastructure
R. Jennifer, UTT, USA
P 10:10 – 10:20 Health Monitoring of Nuclear Power Plant A. Shrivastava, NPCIL
10:20 – 11:15 Panel Discussion All Presenters &
22
invitees
11:15 – 11:30 Coffee Break
Research Needs Assessment – Focus Group Meetings 11:30 – 13:00
Focus Group A – Innovative materials Chair: P. Balaguru, Rutgers University, USA Secretary: B.K. Raghuprasad, IISc, India
Focus Group B – Resilient structural systems Chair: B. Bhattacharya, IITD, India Secretary: M. Garlock, Princeton University, USA
Focus Group C – Structural health monitoring Chair: C. Bang Yun, KAIST Korea Secretary: A. Meher Prasad, IITM, India Focus Group D – Sustainability Chair: K. Kalyanaraman, IITM, India Secretary: J. Rice, UTT, USA
13:00 – 14:00 Lunch Concluding Session 14:00 – 15:40 Moderator: M. P. Singh, NSF
1. 14:00 – 14:15 Research needs for innovative materials Group A
2. 14:15 – 14:30 Research needs for resilient structural systems
Group B
3. 14:30 – 14:45 Research needs for structural health monitoring
Group C
4. 14:45 – 15.00 Research needs for sustainability Group D
5. 15:00 – 15:15 Prioritization of research needs for India- US collaboration
R. Banerjee, Dean (R&D), IITB, India
6. 15:15 – 15:25 NSF funded research projects on resilient and sustainable built infrastructure
M.P. Singh, NSF, USA
7. 15:25 – 15:40 Future plans and workshop closure V. Kodur, MSU, USA & P. Banerji, IITB, India
* Refer to Appendix A for acronyms
23
Appendix C: Focus Group Members
C.1 Focus Group A: Innovative Materials and structures
Title Last Name First Name Affiliation*
Prof. Perumalsamy Balaguru CE, Rutgers University Chair
Prof. B Raghuprasad CE IISc, Banglore Secretary
Prof. Surendra Shah CE, Northwestern University
Prof. Sriman Bhattacharya CEE, IIT Kharagapur
Prof. Venkatesh Kodur CEE, Michigan State University
Mr. U Verma Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd.
Mr. G Prabhakar Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd.
C.2 Focus Group B: Resilient Structural Systems
Title Last Name First Name Affiliation*
Prof. Baidurya Bhattacharya CE, IIT-Kharagpur Chair
Prof. Maria Garlock CE, IIT-Bombay Secretary
Prof. Michael Engelhardt CE, University of Texas, Austin
Prof T.K. Datta CE, IIT-Delhi
Prof. Anil Agarwal CE, City college of New York
Mr. G. Reddy Bhabha Atomic Research Center
Mr. Ganesh Thiagarajan CE, University of Missouri
C.3 Focus Group C: Structural Health Monitoring
Title Last Name First Name Affiliation*
Prof. Chung Yun CE, KAIST Chair
Prof. A. Meher Prasad CE, IIT-Madras Secretary
Prof. Bill Spensor CE, University of Illinois, Urbana
Prof. Pradipta Banerji CE, IIT-Bombay
Prof. Naresh Chandiramani CE, IIT-Bombay
Prof. Sauvik Banerjee CE, IIT-Bombay
Prof. Jung Hyung-Jo CE, Korea Adv. Institute of Science & Technology
Prof. Sajal Deb CE, IIT-Guwahati
Mr. Nikhil Raut CEE, Michigan State University
C.4 Focus Group D: Sustainability Title Last Name First Name Affiliation*
Prof. V. Kalyanaraman CE, IIT-Madras Chair
Prof. Jennifer Rice CE, Texas Tech University Secretary
Prof. Yunfeng Zhang CE, University of Maryland
Prof. Satish Nagarajaiah Civil & Mech. Engg., Rice University
Prof. Sudhir Mishra CE, IIT-Kanpur
Mr. A. Shrivastava Nuclear Power Corporation of India
Prof Siddarth Ghosh CE, IIT-Bombay
* Refer to Appendix A for acronyms
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