innovation in nursing - njha in nursing. ... • state the final problem incomplete data entries ......

Innovation in Nursing

Andrei Cernasov, PhD

Copyright Innodesa Inc. 2008 - 2017

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiHnNjRnobTAhUESyYKHbWRCmsQjRwIBw&url=https://www.pinterest.com/jjdarboven/gif-me-some-coffee-jj-darboven/&bvm=bv.151325232,d.amc&psig=AFQjCNEqDdVQAwwiPS2ObREjrnEYvkTQJQ&ust=1491238508783841

TEAM Picatinny/ARDEC SnapshotCopyright Innodesa Inc. 2008 - 2017

Defense Innovations

Fundamentals of Innovation

Everyone Loves Innovation !!

Everyone Loves Innovation ?!

IncrementalInnovation Radical

Innovation

The Definition of Innovation

A Device or Process that is New, Non-Obvious and Useful to Many

Definition of Innovation

A Device or Process that is New, Non-Obvious and Useful to Many

Definition: Innovation

Everyone is Creative !!

Let’s Solve an Important Problem !!

Problems

How????

Think Outside the Box!!!

The Biology of Innovation

Biology of Innovation

• What is the “Box”?• “Box” Special Effects• “Box” Hardware• Changing the “Box”

What is the “Box”?

The “Box” is the neural and cognitive model each of us have of the surrounding world

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=earth&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=5BNDlnawqAx4OM&tbnid=8h3KfU5WWfIuxM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth_Western_Hemisphere_transparent_background.png&ei=4mpLUY-MK-qD0QHZyIDoDQ&bvm=bv.44158598,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNFHCFJ6eDOpnE-wlP1eb0M4JJdLhA&ust=1363983438474742

The “Box” is the neural and cognitive model each of us have of the surrounding world

Therefore “Think Outside the Box” is an Oxymoron

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=earth&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=5BNDlnawqAx4OM&tbnid=8h3KfU5WWfIuxM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth_Western_Hemisphere_transparent_background.png&ei=4mpLUY-MK-qD0QHZyIDoDQ&bvm=bv.44158598,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNFHCFJ6eDOpnE-wlP1eb0M4JJdLhA&ust=1363983438474742

“Box” Special Effects

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjVr-iApYbTAhVL7CYKHRuIBV0QjRwIBw&url=http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/space/blogs/why-nobody-can-explain-the-moon-illusion&psig=AFQjCNFyr_rIC6A8VcbwxwJx6MebvM3ZZw&ust=1491240231406293

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=3d+tv&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Ls_kXbfj5xKbYM&tbnid=3eMTeSY0u5NSPM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/how-to/how-to-make-3d-televisions-play-3d/&ei=-ntLUaerKoqV0QH-_IDwAw&bvm=bv.44158598,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNF0y5547zkUxttuqFRds4OatTIE2g&ust=1363987736392658

2.5D TV !!

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=3d+tv&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Ls_kXbfj5xKbYM&tbnid=3eMTeSY0u5NSPM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/how-to/how-to-make-3d-televisions-play-3d/&ei=-ntLUaerKoqV0QH-_IDwAw&bvm=bv.44158598,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNF0y5547zkUxttuqFRds4OatTIE2g&ust=1363987736392658

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=7aZK5_NKCyFeKM&tbnid=_zWV1W73iamMvM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/67139196@N00/6777105937/&ei=jPxSUeLyNbGx0AGEmYHQBA&bvm=bv.44342787,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNEDyuGsTNLUiNajDnEjGO3ZkZtvvQ&ust=1364479423331277

How many inches in a league?

Metric System

A Travelling Salesmen Problem!!

Three travelersarrive at a hotel and rent three rooms for $10 each

$30

They give the clerk $30 and go to their rooms

The clerk realizes that, since they travel as a group, the travelers are entitled to a $5 discount

The clerk gives the bellboy $5 to give back to the travelers

$5

$2$1

$1

The bellboy returns $1 to each traveler and keeps $2 for himself

$2$9

$9

So each traveler pays $9 for his room and the bellboy pockets $2

$2$9

$9

3 X $9 + $2 = $29Where is the 30th dollar?

“Box” Hardware

• Genetics• The Neuron• The Speed of Thought• The World Model

Johann Sebastian Bach

Carl Philipp Emanuel (son)

Johann Christian (son) Wilhelm Friedemann (son)

Johann ChristophFriedrich (son)

Johann Baptist Strauss Johann Baptist II (son of Johann)

Josef(son of Johann)

Eduard (son of Josef)

Johann Eduard (son of Eduard)

Genetics

Archie Manning Eli Payton

Genetics

Relationship Average IQ Correlations Number of Pairs Tasted

Identical Twins 0.86 4672

Same Sex Fraternal Twins 0.60 5533

Siblings 0.47 26473

Parent-Offspring 0.42 8433

Half-Siblings 0.35 200

Cousins 0.15 1176

McGue, Bouchard, Iacono, Lykken - 1993

Familial IQ Correlations - Reared Together Biological Relatives

Genetics

• Basic Building Block• Average Brain has roughly 100 billion neurons• Each Neuron has, on the average, 7000 Synapses • Signals Travel at 1 to 100 meters/second• Synapse Time 2 ms to 0.5 s.• Brain Power Use: 20 W

The Neuron

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=landscape+light+fixture&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=FZjUG0y83c1R8M&tbnid=9JBYBVsP9FMCyM:&ved=&url=http://www.wayfair.com/square-outdoor-light-th.html&ei=829LUdWXDI3W0gHGyYD4Cg&bvm=bv.44158598,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNE6MEdE_xNvwnscllrbtp9nVFS9Cg&ust=1363984755658312

• Basic Building Block• Average Brain has roughly 100 billion neurons• Each Neuron has, on the average, 7000 Synapses• Signals Travel at 1 to 100 meters/second• Synapse Time 2 ms to 0.5 s.• Brain Power Use: 20 W

The human brain is Very Energy Efficient

The Neuron

• Basic Building Block• Average Brain has roughly 100 billion neurons• Each Neuron has, on the average, 7000 Synapses• Signals Travel at 1 to 100 meters/second• Synapse Time 2 ms to 0.5 s.• Brain Power Use: 20 W

The human brain is VERY, VERY SLOW!!!

The Speed of Thought

But the human brain must also beVERY, VERY FAST!!!

Ball Speed 100 mph = 147 ft/s Pitcher-Home Plate distance = 60ftBall Travel Time = 0.4 seconds

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=Nga7BLvY8ffGLM&tbnid=KavbCw3HxkA4JM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.mccoveychronicles.com/2014/6/29/5854224/giants-reds-recap&ei=sQzkU5C1KMKsyQSCyIGoBw&bvm=bv.72676100,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNEvBo7yNJewli8njaHTvRu8T96brA&ust=1407540757990857

10000 Hours Rule

“The emerging picture from studies is that 10,000 hours of practice is required to achieve the level of mastery associated with being a world-class expert – in anything”

Original quote comes from neurologist Daniel Levin.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=Malcolm+Gladwell&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=zcwp1JlBp1XbDM&tbnid=3f-pHkq3pPmbrM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.quotecollection.com/author/malcolm-gladwell/&ei=wZJMUdDrFs-u0AGayYCQCA&bvm=bv.44158598,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNE4_3Qgz6Q1g8x-gJZ8UiiUSuoO7Q&ust=1364059175865766

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=outliers+book&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Grue8FJnhwFQLM&tbnid=Ap_GV5-PfoUkwM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://architecturelinked.com/profiles/blogs/ten-books-for-architects-1&ei=BZNMUeaUG4HM0wGrkYCYAw&bvm=bv.44158598,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNEvt5x3I-a3hSs-8XqSNMVZnjLlMg&ust=1364059244976359

10000 Hours of Play & Practice

Neural Model Building

Neural Networks Set (The “Box”)

Sensor Triggered Recall & Adjustment

10,000 Hours

• At any given time we are operating within the constraints of our current set of interconnected neural networks, i.e. our World Model

• This set contains a functional summary of our past experiences. This IS “The Box”!

• The “Box” is an efficient model of the surrounding world..

The World Model

Patient Model

HospitalModel

Academic Model

The World Model

Patient Model

HospitalModel

Academic Model

Family ModelSocial

Model

BeyonceModel

The World Model

• Neuroplasticity• Sleep and Creative Thinking• Mind Wondering and Creative Thinking• Conclusions

Changing the “Box”

• Violinists and Braille readers have a physically larger representation of their left fingers on their somatosensory (touch) cortex

• The auditory cortex of experienced Musicians can be 25% or more larger than that of non-musicians

Neuroplasticity

Drivers: 16 Mean Age: 44Range: 32 to 62Experience: 1.5 to 42Training: 2 years

London Cab Drivers Study

Eleanor A. Maguire – Navigation related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers – University College London 2000

Neuroplasticity

Kalina Christoff – Experience sampling during fMRI reveals default network and executive system contributions to mind wanderingPNAS – May 26, 2009 – vol 106 no. 21

• Neural patterns of Mind Wandering without meta-awareness similar to those observed during Creative Thinking experiments

• Parallel operation of Executive and Default networks

Mind Wandering and Creative Thinking

Mozart Einstein Galileo Darwin Newton

Leonardo Neil Simon Tchaikovsky Poincare Maxwell

Mind Wandering and Creative Thinking

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/M/MOZ/mozart-01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/M/MOZ/mozart.html&usg=__W1LDhA4XrbzdABvh_v2mPG_nicI=&h=703&w=641&sz=20&hl=en&start=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=OO8QlmtYJ89l7M:&tbnh=140&tbnw=128&prev=/images?q=mozart&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&rlz=1T4GGIH_enUS216US216&tbs=isch:1

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mlahanas.de/Physics/Bios/images/AlbertEinstein.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mlahanas.de/Physics/Bios/AlbertEinstein.html&usg=__DZANRUA8jmY2SxNtJiyGJMiRr-4=&h=625&w=640&sz=27&hl=en&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=e5bsDYQz3HTO3M:&tbnh=134&tbnw=137&prev=/images?q=einstein&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&rlz=1T4GGIH_enUS216US216&tbs=isch:1

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.broadwayworld.com/columnpic/galileo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://broadwayworld.com/article/THE_LIFE_OF_GALILEO_Runs_410517_At_Central_Square_Theater_20090309&usg=__VqNhBqPK6MaSRsQhciZon9KONys=&h=368&w=300&sz=17&hl=en&start=2&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=BmW05RRNVwrwxM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=99&prev=/images?q=galileo&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&rlz=1T4GGIH_enUS216US216&tbs=isch:1

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://libwebspace.library.cmu.edu:4430/posner/sp09/subcontents/images/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg&imgrefurl=https://libwebspace.library.cmu.edu:4430/posner/sp09/subcontents/Newton.html&usg=__rTB49qaUnGO7YSp7WIWeBDaj_7U=&h=559&w=407&sz=33&hl=en&start=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=m4eWVKmUKI-NyM:&tbnh=133&tbnw=97&prev=/images?q=newton&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&rlz=1T4GGIH_enUS216US216&tbs=isch:1

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://sibyleyes.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/leonardo-da-vinci-portrait-large4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://sibyleyes.wordpress.com/2009/04/&usg=__ATacsUIjbQY9RxRjiGZoSCwaO1s=&h=439&w=353&sz=36&hl=en&start=4&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=jrE9DAuH7KFVmM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=102&prev=/images?q=leonardo&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&rlz=1T4GGIH_enUS216US216&tbs=isch:1

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://images.starpulse.com/Photos/Previews/Neil-Simon-pb01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.starpulse.com/Notables/Simon,_Neil/gallery/NEILSIMONPB001/&usg=__nKeVOPvesrk-2N7q7GRLqvmR690=&h=559&w=445&sz=58&hl=en&start=8&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=XMEllfg5MbGx3M:&tbnh=133&tbnw=106&prev=/images?q=Neil+Simon&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&rlz=1T4GGIH_enUS216US216&tbs=isch:1

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mlahanas.de/Physics/Bios/images/HenriPoincare.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mlahanas.de/Physics/Bios/HenriPoincare.html&usg=__0Z-k1gKjpEt-JAsTq_pu8J5wkT8=&h=500&w=371&sz=18&hl=en&start=2&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=Lc2n7fjAi4H4YM:&tbnh=130&tbnw=96&prev=/images?q=poincare&um=1&hl=en&rlz=1T4GGIH_enUS216US216&tbs=isch:1

• When a new problem is submitted to the brain the network library (the “Box”) is scanned for existing encoded solutions

• If no stored solution is found the problem is dropped or the building of a new neural network (new Model) commences

The Tower of Hanoi• Only one disk may be moved at a time.• Each move consists of taking the upper disk from one of the

poles and sliding it onto another pole, on top of the other disks that may already be present on that pole.

• No disk may be placed on top of a smaller disk.

Sleep and Creative Thinking

Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation – Robert Stickgold, Nature October 2005

August Kekule Elias Howe

Srinivasa Ramanujan Robert Louis Stevenson Stephen King

Dr. Otto Loewi

“Salem’s Lot”

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://boomeria.org/chemlectures/organic/kekule.jpg&imgrefurl=http://boomeria.org/chemlectures/organic/organic2.html&usg=__VDV7lNtHh8fGr0El6r6yr8KqueE=&h=298&w=288&sz=28&hl=en&start=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=57rRsLQgUuPRyM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=112&prev=/images?q=kekule&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&rlz=1T4GGIH_enUS216US216&tbs=isch:1

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.oldies.com/i/boxart/large/40/089218403896.jpg&imgrefurl=http://z-source.blogspot.com/2008/05/strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde.html&usg=__HZqxkffR8e0k7z971UWuhvha1b8=&h=431&w=300&sz=23&hl=en&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=mCxRr8VpKSEkyM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=88&prev=/images?q=Strange+Case+of+Dr.+Jekyll+and+Mr.+Hyde,+it+was&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&rlz=1T4GGIH_enUS216US216&tbs=isch:1

• “Think Outside the Box” is an Oxymoron to be replaced by “Expand Your Box”• “Expand Your Box” requires the development of new neural networks• Building neural networks requires time (days to years) and inflow of new

information. This information can be acquired through collaboration among creative people - Teams

• Leading edge creativity is a full time activity. Competing neural nets will cannibalize idle developing nets through synapse pruning

• Creative potential is enhanced during Mind Wondering (relaxed idling)New World Model systems (neural networks) are consolidated into the memory matrix during Sleep Cycles

• Occasionally full problem simulations, including solutions, are performed during Sleep Cycle sets (weeks to years)

• Creativity can be enhanced through the reduction of non-creative stimuli

Conclusions

Problems, Needs and Opportunities

Problems

Problem – measured by the departure of the Current Negative Outcome from an Expected Positive Outcome

Problems

Problems Process

• Identify Perceived Problem• Define Real Problem• Find Root Cause of the Problem• Define Underlying Contradiction• State the Final Problem

Problems Process

Incomplete Data Entries

Problems Process

Incomplete Data Entries Task Overload

Problems Process

Incomplete Data Entries Task Overload Compliance Requirements

Problems Process

Incomplete Data Entries Task Overload Compliance Requirements Legal Tasking vs. Resourcing

Problems Process

Incomplete Data Entries Task Overload Compliance Requirements Legal Tasking vs. Resourcing Unbalanced Resource Allocation

Problems Process

• Identify Perceived Problem• Define Real Problem• Find Root Cause of the Problem• Define Underlying Contradiction• State the Final Problem Unbalanced Resource Allocation

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