information technology for business an introduction to information systems in organizations

Information Technology for

Business

An Introduction to An Introduction to Information Systems in Information Systems in

OrganizationsOrganizations

Key Resources in a Business1. P2. I3. T (a set of used to work with information)

All three working together can help a company achieve a competitive advantage

Information systems are the way that businesses operate

New ways to perform old tasks (new way of doing things)

Do things that were never done before. Businesses are forced to rethink how they do business.

A of business are affected by Information Technology. You are preparing to be a Knowledge Worker.Knowledge Workers work with and

INFORMATION AS A NEW BUSINESS RESOURCE

Information is a key business resource, but what is information?

DATA - is any that describe a particular phenomenon.

- is simply data that has a particular meaning within a specific context.

Information is data that has been

Information ?????

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For information to be truly valuable, it must appear in the

INFORMATION IS A KEY RESOURCE Information is good to have, but that is not what

businesses want. They want………..

B (BI) – knowledge about customers, competitors, suppliers, business partners, the competitive environment you are operating in, and your own internal operations, etc..Combined forms of information to create real knowledgeEncompassesHelps you make

BI involves gathering enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form and analyzing it to have a positive impact on business strategy, tactics or operations.

Dimensions of InformationTime: having access toLocation: having access to your information

(but it still must be ).

Form: it has to be in a form that you can use and it must also be

Granularity: info becomes more as it moves the

organization, and more

PEOPLE AS A KEY RESOURCE The single most important resource in any organization is

its . Your greatest asset is your brain/mind (your ability ). Information technology (IT) is simply a

Technology Literate Knowledge workers know technology.

Information Literate Knowledge workers ……….D what information is needed.KnowUnderstand informationAct appropriately based on information.

When working with information, you can never forget your

Computer-Based Information SystemsHardware: computerSoftware: that run the computer.Databases: organized and

infoTelecommunications:

of communications signals.

P involvedwith the system.

Procedures for usingthe system.

Business Information Systems Electronic Commerce Systems

E between parties

T Systems (TPS) Systems that handle day-to-day business-related exchanges

Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP) An consisting of integrated applications with a common

database which coordinates business activities and (Examples

include PeopleSoft, Microsoft Business Solutions Great Plains Dynamics)

D Systems (DBMS) Database: Most common information repository in use today

Decision Making Tools/Systems D (DSS) : An interactive decision-making tool that

provides support for non-routine decisions or problems where

A (AI): A decision-making tool where all of the decision-making expertise is because the system can simulate human thinking and/or behavior.

IT ( ) in Support of BusinessBusinesses use IT to give themselves a

: customers value their product or service more than the competition’s product or service.

IT helps aiddoing things right, in the least amount of timewith the & optimizing the use of resources.

Transaction processing systems, customer self-service systems, databases and database management systems

IT supportsHelps you a situation andDecision support systems and artificial intelligence

IT in Support of BusinessIT can be used to support

C Management systems use info. about customers to gain insights about them in order to better meet their needs.

S Management systems automate the tracking of inventory & information among business processes & across companies.

Sales Force Automation systemsEnterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, such as SAP,

Oracle, PeopleSoft, Microsoft Business Solutions/Great PlainsK Systems to capture, organize, and disseminate

knowledge (organizational memory and expertise) throughout an organization.

IT can be used for : using technology to evolve and transform itself into new modes of operation, market segments, and so on.

IT in Support of Business IT can be used to

Reach new customer segments, offer new products and services, offer complimentary products

IT can be used toOptimize manufacturing processes, decrease transportation

costs, reduce the costs of human capital, minimize errors, do things more efficiently.

Telecommunications enables Databases and database management system software

can be used to IT systems can be used to support decision making by

and sometimes

Pervasive Computing (aka Ubiquitous Computing)

P computing – computing and technology support anytime, anywhere, with access to any needed information

1. D computing

2. S information

3. M computing

Decentralized computing – Distributes

to knowledge workers by placing the processing power on their desktops and within the functional areas.

Shared information – allows anyone access to needed information because the information resides in a

Mobile computing – your ability to use technology to to and use centrally located information

and/or application software.

Pervasive Computing

The slides that follow this slide provide more detailed information

regarding topics found in this presentation and/or chapter.

They will not be covered in class, but reviewing these slides would be

beneficial because they help provide a deeper understanding of the topics

covered in this presentation.

Electronic Commerce SystemsElectronically executing business transactions

between parties

Businessto Consumer

BusinesstoBusiness

Transaction Processing SystemsProcess business exchangesMaintain records about the exchangesHandle routine, yet critical, tasksPerform simple calculations

Enterprise Resource Planning SystemsAn ERP system is a set of integrated programs that

is capable of managing the operations of a business spread across multiple sites. All business functions built intoone integrated softwarepackage.Integrated manufacturing,

accounting/financial, marketing and human resources system.

SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft, Microsoft Business Solutions/Great Plains Dynamics

ERP

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

A decision-making tool where all of the decision-making expertise is programmed into the system because the system can simulate human thinking and/or behavior. The system makes the decision for you.

The primary types of artificial intelligence we will see in this class include:Expert SystemsNeural NetworksGenetic algorithmsIntelligent Agents (many kinds of these)Robotics

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems where there may be several answers that work.

Must directly interact with the system to build and/or select the most appropriate model to solve the problem.

You use the tool and make the ultimate decision, as opposed to artificial intelligence where the system makes the decision and tells you what to do.