information and memory

BA (HONS) SPORTInformation processing and memory in sport

AIM / OBJECTIVE

‘To understand different information processing models and the implications for coaches.’

Evaluation of information processing models

Discuss implication for coaching delivery

RE - CAP

On a scale of 1 (poor) to 10 (genius) what level would you say you know about information processing models?

Write the number on a post it note and write 3 things you remember about information processing?

Schmidt information process model

SCHMIDT INFORMATION PROCESS MODEL

Input

Response Programmin

g

Response Selection

Stimulus Id

Output

Reaction Time

As information received player needs to make sense of it

Once player interpreted information must decide what to do

Following decision making, the muscles carry out the required movement

Whitting’s Model 1969

WHITTING’S MODEL 1969

Input Data

Perceptual Mechanism

s

Translator Mechanism

s

Effector Mechanism

s

Output Data

Feedback Data

Perceptual Mechanisms involves

interpretation/ judgement or making

sense of the situation / involves the memory

process

Translator Mechanisms Where decision making occurs and comparisons made to what is stored in your memory. Info used from and decided on correct response

Effector Mechanisms Motor programme put into action by sending impulses via the nervous system to the appropriate muscles

Body boundary – Central Mechanisms

WELFORD’S MODEL 1968

You can remember

6

QUESTIONS:

1. What colour was the Dogs Collar?

2. How many balls?

3. What letter is not underlined?

4. What was the car registration plate?

5. What colour was the pencil behind the mans ear?

INFORMATION PROCESSING AND COACHING

Why is information processing information vital for coaches to understand to improve the skill level of a sports performer?

Work in small groups Write your ideas on the flip chart paper Feedback to the group 10 minutes

MEMORY AND SELECTIVE ATTENTION IN SPORT

MEMORY TEST

Write down 3 pieces of information you know about Skill….

Write down 3 pieces of information you know about Ability….

FOR YOU ASSESSMENT YOU MUST BE ABLE TO:

Evaluation of different information processing models

and implications to performance,

and the role of memory and selective attention in a

sporting context

Information processing???

‘Transfer of practice to game conditions depends on the extent that the practice resembles the game’(Magill 1993)

Information processing????

‘People unwittingly set up practice for success rather than practice for learning’ (Guadagnoli 2007)

Discuss……..

MEMORY AND

SELECTIVE ATTENTION

TELL ME WHAT YOU KNOW…..

GROUP POSTER PRESENTATION

Groups of 4/5’s

Bring together your ideas and create a poster on Flip Chart to share your findings with the group.

10 minutes

INPU

T

STSS

selective attention

short term memory

long term

memory

EncodingEncoding

Motor Plan via Effectors

Recognition

& Recall

Components of our Memory

MEMORY

In sport we make decisions based upon the current situation and our past experiences.

We interpret the gathered information and then compare it to past experiences.

The use of our memory helps us to make decisions.

SHORT TERM SENSORY

• Collects ALL of the information that enters the system, via the senses.  

• Huge Capacity - lots of information

• Short Retention - keeps information for up to 1 second before it is lost.

• Selective Attention takes place here:Irrelevant stimuli is discarded.Relevant stimuli is passed onto the STM.

This speeds up the decision making process.

THE SHORT TERM MEMORY

ROLE/FUNCTION

• Receives filtered information from the senses (STSS)

• Compares it to stored information about past experiences in the LTM.

• Initiates the motor programme (plan of action).

CHARACTERISTICS

• Limited storage capacity:5-9 pieces of info.

• Holds it for approx 30-60 secs.

• If a skill is practised and learnt it is transferred to the LTM.

• Impulses are sent to the appropriate muscles.

(The Working Memory)

HOW CAN WE IMPROVE MEMORY AND REMEMBER MORE INFORMATION

CHUNKING• We arrange information into larger units or chunks.• This allows us to store more information• Example - a set play will be recalled with a single cue. CHAINING• We link together pieces of information and progressively

recall it. Example - developing a sequence in gymnastics.

SELECTIVE ATTENTION• Limit the amount of irrelevant information entering the

STM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhF_baBVIOs

CHARACTERISTICS

The permanent retention of information through repetition or rehearsal.

Can store vast amounts of information.

Unlimited time period.

ROLE

Stores past experiences as a motor programme.

Receives information from the STM.

Makes comparisons with stimuli and past experiences.

Passes motor programme to STM.

The Long Term Memory

INPU

T

STSS

selective attention

short term memory

long term

memory

EncodingEncoding

Motor Plan via Effectors

Recognition

& Recall

Components of our Memory

TASK – COMPLETE BEFORE 11.45AM

In groups 4/5’s you are to research the following topics and feedback to the group via a poster presentation

Reaction time Hicks Law Psychological Refectory Period Spatial and Temporal Awareness Stimulus response complexity and stimulus response

compatibility

Define Explain Application to sport (Example)

WHAT DO YOU NEED TO DO TO COMPLETE THIS……..

Evaluation of different information processing models and implications to

performance,

and the role of memory and selective attention in a sporting context