informaon and educaonal decisions · movaon • esmated returns to staying on in educaon are...

Informa(onandEduca(onalDecisions

SandraMcNally(researcher;CentreforEconomicPerformance,LondonSchool

ofEconomicsSarahWestco@(HeadofPupil

Progressioninapar(cipa(ngschool:QueenElizabeth’sBoysSchool)

Mo(va(on•  Es(matedreturnstostayingonineduca(onareextremelyhigh.However,in2009,17%of18yearoldswerenotineduca(on,employmentortraining.35%of18yearoldsnotinanyformofeduca(onortraining.

•  Gapsbygender,socialclass,schooltype…•  Why?Towhatextentdoesinforma(onplayarole?

•  Informa(on,AdviceandGuidancethoughttobevery‘patchy’inEnglishschools.

Researchques(ons•  Doschoolstudents(15yearolds)knoweconomicallyrelevantfactsabouteduca(onandthelabourmarket?

•  Will15‐yearoldspaya@en(ontoan‘informa(oncampaign’?Towhatextentwoulditinfluencetheirplansforthefuture?

•  Doesitaltertheirbehaviour?(getthemtalkingtoothers–andtowhom)

•  Doesitinfluencegender/socio‐economicgapsonanydimension?

Relatedliterature•  Expandingliteratureabouteffectsofprovidinginforma(ontostudents(e.g.Jensen,QJEforthcoming;andbroaderliteratureabouteffectsofinforma(oncampaigns–e.g.Has(ngsetal.2007;DufloandSaez2003;Dufloetal.2006)

•  Wageexpecta(onsofstudents(e.g.Manski,1993;Be@s,1996;Brunelloetal.2004)

•  Differencesineduca(onandthegenderwagegap(e.g.BrownandCorcoran,1997;MachinandPuhani,2003)

Stepsinvolved:

•  Designinterven(on:Website;accompanyingclassmaterials;shortvideoand1pageleafletdescribingmainpoints

•  Designques(onnaire:First(pre‐interven(on)ques(onnaireandsecondques(onnairetobecompletedroughly8‐12weekslater.

•  Writetoschoolstoaskthemtopar(cipate(allschoolsinLondon).Allschoolsofferedreportprofilingtheirstudentsagainstotherschools(annoymousbasis)andresourcematerialsatsomestage.

•  Matchpar(cipa(ngschoolsbasedon(a)schooltype;(b)performance.Thenpairupsimilarschools.Randomlyassigninterven(ontooneschoolwithineachpair.

Characteris(csofinvitedschools

InContext:QueenElizabeth’sSchool

•  1200students‐NorthLondon.

•  Singlesex–male

•  11‐18academy

•  EthnicSocio‐economic

•  Medicine/Economics/Law

WhyPar(cipate?

1.  Trainingschoolstatus ‐In‐houseMastersProgram

2.  Ac(onresearchprojects ‐influenceschooldevelopment

3.  Careerseduca(onprovisionisvariable4.  Pupilsneedsvary

Benefits:•  Informourcareerseduca(onprovision:

1.  WhatdostudentsperceiveasthevalueofaUniversityeduca(on?

2.  Whydotheychooseapar(culardegreecourse?

3.  Howcanwesupporttheminthese

decisions?

Prac(calIssues

•  Timetable!

•  Availabilityofstudents

•  Honestyofstudents

•  Ethicalconcerns–usesofresearchdata

•  Randomisa(onconsidera(ons

ClassMaterials

•  Webformat–studentfriendly•  Personalised–studentsinves(gateintheirown(me

•  Studentslistentoan‘outsideauthority’

what’s4me?ClassMaterial

Introduc)on

• DecidingwhatyouwanttodoanerYear11isveryimportantforyourfuture,soitsagoodideatostartthinkingaboutitnow• Todaywearegoingtotalkaboutthedifferentop(onsavailabletoyou,andhowyoucandecidewhat’sthebestoneforyou

Whatsortsofthingsma3erforyourfuture?

• Whetherornotyoustayineduca(onaneryear11• Howlongyoustayineduca(onfor• Ifyougointohighereduca(on:

— Whatsubjectyouchoosetostudy— Whichuniversitytogoto

Thesedecisionswillaffectwhetheryougetajobandhowmuchyouearn!Wewillgothrougheachinturn

76%whostayedineduca(onun(lage18/19havejobs

84%whowenttohighereduca(onhavejobs

Stayingonma3ers…forwhetheryougetajobWomenwholeEfull‐)meeduca)onatdifferentages

Youaremorelikelytogetajobifyoustayonineduca)on!

63%wholenschoolat16levelshavejobs

91%whostayedineduca(onun(l18/19havejobs

95%whowenttohighereduca(onhavejobs

Stayingonma3ers…forwhetheryougetajobMenwholeEfull‐)meeduca)onatdifferentages

Youaremorelikelytogetajobifyoustayonineduca)on!

87%wholenschoolat16levelshavejobs

Stayingonma3ers…forhowmuchyouearnWomenwholeEfull‐)meeduca)onatdifferentages

75%whodidA’levelshavejobs

85%whowenttouniversityhavejobs

75%whodidA’levelshavejobsThosewholen

at16earnabout£17,000

Thosewhostayineduca(onun(lage18/19earn£22,000

Thosewhowenttohighereduca(onearnabout£32,000

Youarelikelytoearnmoreonaverageifyoustayineduca)on!

Stayingonma3ers…forhowmuchyouearnMenwholeEfull‐)meeduca)onatdifferentages

75%whodidA’levelshavejobs

85%whowenttouniversityhavejobs

75%whodidA’levelshavejobsThosewho

leaveat16earnabout£22,000

Thosewhostayineduca(onun(lage18/19earn£27,000

Thosewhogotohighereduca(onearnabout£38,000

Youarelikelytoearnmoreonaverageifyoustayonatschool!

Willwereallyearntheaverage?MaybeI’masuperstar!

No.Itdependsonlotsofotherthings!‐Whatsortofjobyougetandhowgoodyouareatit.‐ Thestateoftheeconomywhenweareolder.‐ Wealsohavetothinkaboutlifestylechoices.Whatifwehavechildren?!

Averagewagesjustgivearoughguide.Usefulinforma)onbutnotacrystalball!

Stayingonma3ers…andtherewillbehelpavailableifyoudecidetogotouniversity

• Bythe(meyouareattheagewhereyoucangotouniversity,thecostswillbequitedifferentfromtoday• In2012,tui)onfeeswillbeabout£7,500peryear• Someuniversi(esmaychargeless,andsomemaychargemore,butfeeswillneverbehigherthan£9,000peryear• Thismaysoundlikealotofmoney–butyoudon’thavetopaythisun(laneryouhavelenuniversityandgotajob!— Youcanborrowthemoneyfromthestudentloanscompany— Andyouonlypayback9%ofyourearningsover£21,000— Soifyoudon’thaveajobyoudon’tpayanything— Andifyouwereearning£25,000ayear,you’donlypayback£7aweek!

Butisits)llworthgoingtouniversity?Ifmyfeesare£7,500peryearandItakeoutamaintenanceloantoo,Icouldbeinover£30,000ofdebtbytheend!!!

Ofcourseitis!Forexample,atage30,amanwholeEschoolat18willearnonaverage£27,000,butamanwithadegreewillbeearning£38,000onaverage.That’s£11,000more(onaverage)justinthatyear.Over)methisaddsup!3yearsofdebt<lotsofyearsearningmoremoneybecauseofhighereduca)on

Forthisweneedtogetinformationon'areacostadjustments'atlocalauthoritylevel‐theindicesthatareusedtoweighttheschoolexpenditurestocompensateforpaydifferentials(orspecifically,thatpartofareacostadjustmentthatrelatestothelabourcostcomponent).

Thesubjectyoustudyatunima3ers…forhowmuchyouearn(onaverage)

Averageyearlyearningsformenaged30

Butremember.Moneyisn’teverything…!

Someonedoingartmayearnabout£30,000

Someonedoingbusinessstudiesmayearnabout£43,000

Thesubjectyoustudyatunima3ers…forthejobyouwanttodo!Itsimportanttofindoutwhatsubjectyoushouldstudy…

Gotowww.whats4me.co.uktofindoutwhatsubjectyouneed.Oremailwhats4me@lse.ac.uk

Iwanttobeavet!

WherecanIfindoutmore?OntheWhats4mewebsite!

Howtoaccessthe

website…………………..

Howtomeasurewhetherinterven(onhadanyeffect?

•  Websiteanaly(cs

•  Feedbackfromschools;combinedwithownassessment

•  Differencesbetweentreatmentandcontrolschoolsinextentof‘informa(on,adviceandguidance’givenbetweenfirstandsecondques(onnaire.Studentsareaskedques(onsonhowonentheytalktoteachersaboutfutureplansforstudying;usefulnessofthisinforma(on;anduseofInternet.

Whataretheoutcomes?a)Factual:‘Doyouthinkthatapersonhasabe@erorworsechanceofgetngajobifhe/shestaysineduca(onupto…comparedtoleavingschoolanerYear11’(i.e.compulsoryschool‐leaving)

‘IfIgetauniversitydegree,Iwillearnaboutthesamenoma@erwhatsubjectIstudy’

‘IfIgetauniversitydegree,Iwillearnthesamenoma@erwhatuniversityIgoto’

Whatdoyouthinkistheyearlycostofsendingapersontouniversity?(justintermsoftui(onfees)

Whendoyouthinkmostpeoplepaytheiruniversityfees?

Whataretheoutcomes?b)Possiblefutureincome:ImagineyoulenschoolanerYear11andtrytofindajob.Thinkingaboutthekindsofjobyoumightbeofferedandwhatyoumightexpect

‘Whatisyourbestguessofwhatyouwouldearnperyearatage30?’

‘Whatdoyouthinkthetypical30‐yearoldearnsifhe/shelenfull‐(meeduca(onanerYear11’

(similarques(onforotherlevelsofeduca(on)

Whataretheoutcomes?c):Futureinten)ons:•  Plansanerage16(endofcompulsoryeduca(on):full‐(meeduca(on;workingfull‐(me;work‐basedtrainingetc.

•  Likelihoodofeverapplyingtouniversity•  Likelihoodofstudyingpar(cularsubjects(i)anerage16;(ii)inhighereduca(on.

•  Rankingofsubjects(intermsofpreference)andexpecta(onofaverageyearlyearningsforsomeoneofage30

ConclusionThemainoutputofthisprojectistofindoutabouttheeffec(venessofaverysimple(andinexpensive)informa(oncampaignonstudents’knowledge,attudesandfutureinten(ons.

Hopetoinformcareersprogrammesofallpar(cipa(ngschoolthroughprovisionoffeedbackandresources;produceresearchoutputthatispolicyrelevantandacademicallyinteres(ng