incarceration and prison society

Incarceration and Prison Society

• History and Goals

• Prison Organization

• Correctional Officers

• Prison Society

• Women in Prison

• Prison Programs

• Violence

• Prisoner Rights

Prison History

• Big Houses– South different

• Traditional Prison Population

• Changing Prison Population

GOALS OF INCARCERATION

Custodial Rehabilitation Reintegration

Governing Prisoners• Authority:

Perception vs. Reality

• Issues– Total Power?

– Rewards and Punishment

– Cooperation and Leadership

Correctional Officers

•Role•Recruitment

Prison Society•Prisonization•Inmate Code•Adaptive

Roles•Prison

Economy

Women In PrisonWomen In Prison• 8% of new admissions.

• 6% of total population.

• Increase of 200% since 1980.

200%

100%

0%

1980..........................1995

Women in Prison

• Social Relationships

• Subculture

• Programs

• Children

Basic Prison ProgramsBasic Prison Programs

Diagnostic Services

Diagnostic Services

EducationalPrograms

elementarysecondarycollege

Basic Prison Programs Prison Programs

Diagnostic Services

EducationalPrograms

VocationalPrograms

carpentryplumbingelectricalgardeningprintingkeyboarding

Basic Prison Programs

elementarysecondarycollege

Diagnostic Services

EducationalPrograms

VocationalPrograms

carpentryplumbingelectricalgardeningprintingkeyboarding

CounselingServices

Basic Prison Programs

elementarysecondarycollege

Diagnostic Services

EducationalPrograms

VocationalPrograms

carpentryplumbingelectricalgardeningprintingkeyboarding

CounselingServices

RecreationServices

Basic Prison Programs

elementarysecondarycollege

Diagnostic Services

EducationalPrograms

VocationalPrograms

carpentryplumbingelectricalgardeningprintingkeyboarding

CounselingServices

RecreationServices

ReligiousServices

Basic Prison Programs

elementarysecondarycollege

Diagnostic Services

EducationalPrograms

VocationalPrograms

carpentryplumbingelectricalgardeningprintingkeyboarding

CounselingServices

RecreationServices

ReligiousServices

MedicalServices

Basic Prison ProgramsBasic Prison Programs

elementarysecondarycollege

• Established early on • Internal maintenance• Industry shops and

contract work• Inefficient• Opposed by labor

unions

Prison Industries

Violence in prison

• Explanations• Types• Contributing

factors that can be controlled

Until the 1960s – Supreme Court “Hands Off” policy on prisons

Cooper v. Pate (1964) - prisoners may challenge the conditions of their confinement under civil rights legislation.

First Amendment Rights

Theriault v. Carson (1977) – no sham religious practices allowed

Procunier v. Martinez (1974) – censorship of mail only to extent necessary to maintain security

Fourth Amendment RightsHudson v. Palmer (1984) – officials can search cell and confiscate materials

Bell v. Wolfish (1979) – body searches allowed if clear and legitimate purpose outweighs invasion of personal privacy

Eighth Amendment Rights

Three principle tests – 1) shocks conscience 2) unnecessarily cruel 3)goes beyond legitimate penal aims

Estelle v. Gamble (1976) – no deliberate indifference to medical needs

14th Amendment RightsWolff v. McDonnell (1974) – basic due process rights in disciplinary hearings

Lee v. Washington (1968) – no racial segregation in prisons; only justified temporarily to restore order or prevent violence

Hello, is this microphone on?• _____ is the model of correctional institutions that emphasizes maintenance of

the offender’s ties to family and community.• Reintegration Model• _____ are often used by prison officials as a communication source between

officials and the inmate population.• Inmate leaders• _____ is the model of corrections that emphasizes security, discipline, and

order.• Custodial Model• In ____ the Supreme Court said prisoners have basic due process rights in

disciplinary hearings• Wolff v. McDonnell (1974)• _____ is the orientation that judges had toward prisoners’ rights prior to the

1960s.• Hands off policy• _____ is the system of barter and purchase based on cigarettes and other items

that prisoners use to gain desired items• Prison economy