imt institut de microtechnique neuchÂtel optical cavity with high quality factor q photonic...
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IMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL
Optical cavity with high quality factor Q
Photonic crystals course final presentation
Karin Söderström
Karin SöderströmIMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL 2
Outline
1) Optical cavities and their use (history)
2) Quality factor Q
3) Lots of cavities
4) Applications of Cavities with PHC• Quantum optic
• Frequency selective devices
Karin SöderströmIMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL 3
• The simplest optical cavity: A Fabry-Pérot resonator is composed of two parallel mirrors
• Associated with an active medium this cavity realized with one mirror with R<100% leads to one of the greatest discovery of the century
Optical cavities and their use
Laser by Th. Maiman Nature 187, 493-494 (1960)
Macro-cavity
Karin SöderströmIMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL 4
Optical cavities and their use
• One of the first study on resonator lead to the theoretical great result:– By placing a two-level system in a resonator you can modify
(enhance or stop) the spontaneous emission of the two–level system
E.M.Purcell Phys. Rev. 69 (1946) p. 681
• This information lead to many hope in different field:– One photon source
– Quantum entanglement of radiation and matter is possibleThompson, R. J., Rempe, G. & Kimble, H. J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1132–1135 (1992).
P. Michler, A. Kiraz, C. Becher, W. V. Schoenfeld, P. M. Petroff, Lidong Zhang, E. Hu, and A. Imamoglu (2000) Science 290 (5500), 2282.
Karin SöderströmIMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL 5
Quality factor Q
Definition: Q=Pin the cavity /PLosses α lifetime photon in the cavity
Q α 1/where is the linewidth
If R , Q . The quality of the information .
Karin SöderströmIMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL 6
Lots of different cavities
Fabry-Pérot cavity made of two Bragg mirrors
Cavity made by a defect in a photonic crystal
Kerry J. Vahala, Nature, 424, 6950, 839, (2003)
Karin SöderströmIMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL 7
Outline
1) Optical cavities and their use (history)
2) Quality factor Q
3) Lots of cavities
4) Cavities with PHC• Quantum optic
• Frequency selective devices
Karin SöderströmIMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL 8
PHC Cavities Applications
• Quantum optics:• Control of the radiative lifetime (Purcell Effect) Fp α
Qmode/Vmode
Painter,O. et al. Science 284, 1819–1821 (1999).
Applications:Data transport in optical fiber.Easy writing and reading of CD, DVD (small spot size)
Miniature laser, LED, VCSEL, W threshold Control of the in a micropillar
Solomon et al,Phys.Rev.lett., 86, 17, 3903, (2001).
t=1.3ns t=280ps
Karin SöderströmIMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL 9
PHC Cavities Applications
• Quantum optics:– Strong coupling (of great interest due to the mode volume)
single-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics in the strong coupling regime
Theoretically proven: Vuckovic et al, Phys. Rev. E, 65, 016608, (2001)
Experimentally shown: Yoshie et al, Nature 432, 200-203 (2004) for a QD
Applications:Study of center of mass motion: Rempe, Applied physics. B, 60, 233 (1995)Single photon source: B Deveaud-Pledran, et al - US Patent App. 11/394,518, (2006)Beauty of physics BEC Theoretical: E Ostrovskaya, Y Kivshar, Optics Exp. vol12, (2004)
Karin SöderströmIMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL 10
PHC Cavities Applications
• Frequency devices (the mode volume is less important)
Akahane et al, Nature, 425, 6961, 944, (2003)
Applications:Very small spectrometer, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, Filters, Spectroscopy
Karin SöderströmIMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL 11
• Frequency devices (Vmode is less important, here Q=400)
PHC Cavities Applications
Applications: Very small spectrometer, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer
Noda et al, Nature, 407, 608, (2000)
Shinya et al, Optics Exp,14, 25, 12394, (2006)
Karin SöderströmIMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL 12
PHC Cavities Applications
• Frequency devices (the mode volume is less important)
Applications: Filters
Kuramochi et al, Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, 041112, (2006)
Qth: 7*10^7
Karin SöderströmIMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL 13
PHC Cavities Applications
• Frequency devices (the mode volume is less important)
Application: Spectroscopy toolA photonic crystal sensor with a resolutionof better than n =0.002 with a Q factor of 400
Chow et al, Optics letters, 29, 10, 1093, (2004)
In this case it is not a bridge: small amount of sample only needed
The CaltechNanofabrication
Group
Karin SöderströmIMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL 14
• The cavity is the basis to construct devices with photonic crystals with different functionality modes
– Single photon source needed for quantum computation
Conclusions
• Lots of progresses can be made on Q (from theoretical studies) but the limits of the fabrication process can be reached before
• Lots of different applications in many fields– Laser, spectrometer, multiplexer, filter, spectroscopy
Karin SöderströmIMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL 15
?Questions?
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Thanks for your attention
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