improved breeding for persistent development in meat and milk production dr abdul ghaffar principal...
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Improved Breeding for Persistent Development in Meat and Milk
Production
Dr Abdul Ghaffar
Principal Scientific Officer
National Agricultural Research Centre
Livestock in national economy •Livestock in Pak GDP 11.9 %
•Share in agri GDP 55.4 %
•Livestock in export 8.5 %
•Dependent families > 8.5 m
•Growth rate(2012-13) 2.9(1.2 Agri)
•Provides raw material for industry
•Social security for rural poor
•Security against crop failure
•Value of milk alone exceeds combined value of wheat, rice, maize and sugarcane
Survey (Economic 2012-13)
Livestock Census (2006)
Livestock Population (Million Heads) Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goat Camel
Pakistan (2006) 29.5 27.3 26.5 53.8 0.9 Pakistan (2013) 38.3 33.7 28.8 64.9 1.0 Per cent distribution
NWFP 20 7 13 18 7 Punjab 49 65 24 37 22 Sindh 23 27 15 23 30 Balochistan 8 1 48 22 41 Livestock Census (2006)
Percent distribution of population in Pakistan
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
KPK Punjab Sindh Baloch
1986
2006
buffalo
KPK
Cattle
0
10
20
30
40
KPK Punjab Sindh Baloch
1986
2006
Goat Sheep
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
KPK Punjab Sindh Baloch
1986
2006
Herd Size Profile in Pakistan (2006)
Herd Size
Cattle Buffalo Flock Size
Sheep Goat
1-6 14.9
(50.3)
14.4
(52.7)
1-30 9.9
(37.4)
36.2
(67.3)
7-15 7.7
(26.1)
7.8
(28.6)
31-75 5.5
(20.8)
7.8
(14.5)
16-50 3.3
(11.1)
3.2
(11.7)
76-350 6.9
(26.0)
6.5
(12.1)
> 50 3.7
(12.5)
1.9
(7.0)
> 350 4.2
(15.8)
3.3
(6.1)
Total 29.6
(100)
27.3
(100)
Total 26.5
(100)
53.8
(100)
Million animals
Values in parentheses indicate %age
Number of households reporting livestock (2006)
Herd Size
Cattle Buffalo Flock Size
Sheep Goat
1-6 5.204
(84.1)
5.001
(83.4)
1-30 1.390
(88.9)
6.576
(96.7)
7-15 0.826
(13.3)
0.843
(14.1)
31-75 0.119
(7.6)
0.173
(2.5)
16-50 0.140
(2.3)
0.140
(2.3)
76-350 0.050
(3.2)
0.049
(0.7)
> 50 0.018
(0.3)
0.012
(0.2)
> 350 0.005
(0.3)
0.004
(0.1)
Total 6.188
(100)
5.996
(100)
Total 1.564
(100)
6.802
(100)
Values in parentheses indicate %age
Million Households
Production Systems
1. Rural Subsistence Small Holdings
2. Rural Market Oriented Small Holdings
3. Rural Commercial Farms
4. Peri-Urban Commercial Dairy Farms
5. Corporate dairy farms
Note: For Breed Improvement 2nd and 3rd and 5th categories are important
0
2
4
6
8
10
Cattle Buffalo
1976
1996
2006
Milk production per animal per day
Know This Before You Start breeding programme
1. It is a long term project.
2. The hardest part of setting up a dairy farm is the procurement of good-quality, high-yielding, environment-hardened animals. This is also the most important activity for an owner of a dairy farm.
3. Finding the right person to manage your dairy farm
Breeding Program
1. Define the Breeding Objective
Specification of breeding, production & marketing system.
Identification of sources of income and expense in commercial herds.
Determination of biological traits influencing income and expense.
Derivation of economic values of each trait.
2. Choosing appropriate selection criteria
3. Organizing a pedigree & performance recording scheme
4. Using recorded info to make selection decisions (EBV’s)
5. Using the selected individuals
6. Crossbreeding or straight breeding program
Breeding Objective
I. Lactation Milk Yield / Test Day Yield
II. Lactation Fat Yield
III. Type Score (Udder Composite etc)
In future:
IV. Protein Yield
IV. Productive Life / Longevity
V. Somatic Cell Score / Disease Resistance
VI. Reproductive Traits
For Buffaloes + Sahiwal + Cholistani + Red Sindhi
} Index
Trait h2 Trait h2
Stature Strength Body depth Angularity Rump angle Rump width Legs, side
.37
.26
.32
.23
.29
.24
.16
Foot angle Fore attachment Rear udder height Rear udder width Udder support Udder depth Teat placement
.10
.18
.18
.16
.15
.25
.21
The heritabilities (h2) of the Holstein Association linear type traits (HFA Sire Summaries)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Milk
Milk+Fat
Milk+Fat+Udder
Milk+Fat+Udder+Legs
Relative Progress in Milk Yield
Traits in the breeding objective
US Milk Yield Average
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Yield
(kg)
Kundi Buffalos
Red Sindhi cow
Red Sindhi bull
Sahiwal cow
Rural Commercial Farms
Availability of Fodder During the Year
Seasonal availability of green fodder
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
month
Kg
/ A
nim
al
/ D
ay
Dairy Development Program
• Duration 2006 – 2011
• Budget Rs 1568.350 m
• Execution Livestock and Dairy Development Board
• Components
– Milk Collection and Marketing from Small and Landless Farmers (300 Milk cooling units in 500 villages)
– Support to Market-oriented Rural Dairy Farmers / Production of Quality Breeding Animals (1000 farmers)
– Production of Progeny-tested Bulls (Expansion of progeny testing program of Sahiwal cattle & Nili-Ravi buffaloes and initiation of program for Red Sindhi cattle and Kundhi buffaloes )
Dairy Development Program
Milk Producer Groups: 186 • Punjab 66 (Kasur 26, Noshwhra Virkan 23, M.B.Uddin 17)
• NWFP 43 (Mardan 7, Noshehra 14, D.I Khan 12, Charsada 4, Haripur 6)
• Balochistan 22 (Pashin 16, Kuchlak 6)
• Sindh 28 (T.M.Khan 5, Tando Allahyar 10, Badin 10,Thatta 3)
• Northern Areas 12 (Gilgit 7, Sakardu 1, Astor 1, Ghanche 1, Ghizer 1, Hunza 1)
• Azad Kashmir 15 (Bhimber 7, Kotli 7, Mirpur 1)
Dairy Development Program
Milk Cooling Tank Installed: 134 Punjab 57 (Kasur 23, N.Virkan 17, M.B.Din 17)
NWFP 23 (Nowshehra 10, D I Khan 7, Mardan 5, Charsada 1)
NA 11 (Gilgit 6, Hunza 1, Astore 1,Ghizer 1, Ganche 1, Sakardu 1)
Sindh 21 (T.M. Khan 5, T Allahyar 6, Badin 3, Badin 7)
Azad Kashmir 11 (Kotli 5, Bhimber, 5 Mirpur 1)
Balochistan 11 (Kuchlak 4, Pashin 7)
Dairy Development Program
VLW MCTO Punjab 42 67 Sindh 21 14 NWFP 32 30 Balochistan 8 8 AJK 16 13 NA 9 16
Fig. 3. Comparison of milk income and feed cost of Lahore registered farmers
0500
100015002000250030003500400045005000550060006500700075008000850090009500
10000105001100011500120001250013000135001400014500150001550016000
Jun-
03
Jul-
03
Aug-
03
Sep-
03
Oct-
03
Nov-
03
Dec-
03
Jan-
04
Feb-
04
Mar-
04
Apr-
04
May-
04
Jun-
04
Jul-
04
Aug-
04
Sep-
04
Oct-
04
Nov-
04
Dec-
04
Months
Va
lue
s in
US
$
Feed (US$) Milk Income (US$)
Kundi calves at Rohri farm, Sindh
Factors affecting meat production • Growth potential of the animals
• Nutritional inputs
• Feed conversion efficiency
• Carcass yield
• Survivability
• Economic viability
Quality Beef Production
• Maximum weight gain
• Obtain high proportion of muscles
having desirable eating characteristics
• Cut based marketing
Vertical approach for breeding
Proper record keeping
Selection and Culling
Reproduction Management
Fodder Production and Conservation
Use of multicut fodder varieties
Silage
Strategies for Improvement in
Strategies for persistent development
in milk and meat production
Livestock Sector
• Improved infrastructure of milk and meat marketing
Encourage private sector to develop markets
Regulatory Coverage on illegal trading
Awareness for modernization
Sale of live animals on hooves
Strategies cont
33
Thank
You
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