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Imperialism
SWBAT
• Explain arguments for and against imperialism
Imperialism
• Read the quotes from George Washington’s Farewell Address and Teddy Roosevelt’s Inauguration speeches
• Answer Questions with a partner
• Review as a class
Imperialism
• Imperialism- a larger, stronger country taking over a smaller/weaker country
• Imperialism increased greatly from 1890-1913
• First started in Europe, then expanded to the US
Imperialism
• What factors contributed to the rise of imperialism in Europe?
1. Economic- need for new markets & natural resources
2. Humanitarian- spread of Western civilization, Christianity
3. Nationalism
4. Military- new weapons & technology
Imperialism
• Despite Washington’s advice (stay neutral) and the Monroe Doctrine (we’ll stay out of European affairs), Americans began to expand land holdings overseas
Knowledge Check! 1. The Monroe Doctrine declared the United
States would: A. prevent the establishment of new European
colonies anywhere in the world B. help colonies in North and South America
adopt a democratic form of government C. view European interference in the Americas
as a threat to the national interest of the United States
D. prevent other nations from trading with South American nations
Imperialism
• The contrast between Washington & Roosevelt’s foreign policy led to major debate/controversy in the US
VS
Pro-Imperialist Arguments
Anti-Imperialist Arguments
We produce too much & need new markets/raw materials
Imperialism contradicts our democratic values
We need a strong navy to protect our economic interests
Too difficult to maintain an empire economically
Imperialism will restore our spirit since “the frontier was closed”
Manifest Destiny is racist
We have an obligation to spread Christianity & Anglo-Saxon civilization
Have enough problems at “home” (*Progressive issues)
Imperialism
• Pro-Imperialism Supporters:
Henry Cabot Lodge (Senator- Mass), Teddy Roosevelt, Rev. Josiah Strong
• Anti-Imperialism Supporters:
William Jennings Bryan, Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, & Anti-Imperialist League
Imperialism: Discussion Questions
1. Does American imperialism more often help other nations or hurt them? Explain your response.
2. Do world superpowers have a responsibility to interfere in the affairs of other nations if human rights are being violated in those nations?
Wrap Up
• Read the excerpts and be prepared to justify the reasoning for/against imperialism…
Spanish American War & Open Door Policy
SWBAT • Describe the causes and results of the
Spanish American War
Do Now:
• Identify one pro-imperialist argument and one anti-imperialist argument
Spanish American War
• Causes of the War:
A. Economic- US has $50 million invested in Cuba Cuban Revolution of 1895 endangers these investments
Spanish American War B. Humanitarian-
Americans sympathized with Cuban rebels; Americans upset by the tactics of a Spanish General (Cubans were imprisoned & forced into camps where many died of starvation & disease)
Spanish American War C. Expansionist- Saw an opportunity to
get land from a weakened Spanish government
Spanish American War
• Immediate Causes of the War:
A. Yellow Journalism- William Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer exaggerated & distorted events to create an emotional effect
Yellow Journalism
Spanish American War
B. The de Lôme Letter- a letter from the Spanish ambassador was intercepted & in it, he called the President of the US (McKinley) a “weak coward”
Spanish American War
C. Sinking of the USS Maine- an explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor killed 266 Americans
- American public blamed Spain, but no cause or responsibility was ever determined
Spanish American War
D. Jingoism- super patriotism & demand for aggressive action
- term was used in reference to TR’s foreign policy
Spanish American War • War & Results:
- War is declared in 1898, only lasts 4 months
- 2,446 Americans died, mostly from disease & infection
A. Teller Amendment- When US declared war, agreed not to annex Cuba & leave power to the people
Spanish American War
B. Treaty of Paris (1898)
1. Cuba gains independence
2. US pays Spain $20 million for the Philippines
3. Spain gives U.S., Puerto Rico & Guam
Spanish American War
C. Platt Amendment- Cuban independence came with “strings attached”: US has the right to lease land for naval base (Guantanamo Bay) & intervene in Cuba to maintain peace & order
Spanish American War • The war starts a major debate in the
U.S. over imperialism
• U.S. is recognized as a world power
Open Door Note • Americans were fearful their economic
opportunities in China would be limited
• To ensure economic opportunity, Secretary of State, John Hay, proposed a policy with other European nations that would keep an open door to China for the U.S.
• Review “The Open Door Note” you completed for homework.
Open Door Note
Proposed Policy:
1. Do not blockade or interfere with any port; keep ports open to everyone in China
2. Show no favors to your own ships when charging harbor dues/railroad rates
Open Door Note 3. Allow Chinese officials to collect
taxes on an equal basis- each nation pays the same
Open Door Note • GOAL: Keep China “open” for US
economic opportunity, so the US can have fair access to Chinese markets
Open Door Note
Response to the Note
• Europeans politely reject it (they ignored it)
• Chinese not happy with foreign interference started the Boxer Rebellion
• Rebellion led by Chinese secret society known as the “boxers”
Boxer Rebellion • Goal: overthrow imperial dynasty, but
changed to kick foreigners out of China • Result: - foreign countries (incl. the US) sent troops to crush the rebellion - China forced to pay reparations to Western nations
What does Uncle Sam mean by saying, “I
occasionally do a little
boxing myself?
Wrap Up
• What the difference between jingoism and nationalism?
• How was the Spanish American War a turning point in US history?
• Complete Imperialism DBQ Practice #1 & #2
Boxer Rebellion
• Read “The Boxer Rebellion: 1900” and answer questions 1 & 2 at the end of the reading Review answers & discuss as a class
Foreign Policy in Latin America:
Roosevelt, Taft, & Wilson
SWBAT
• Explain TR and Wilson’s Foreign Policy
Do Now: analyze quotes as a class, & complete the analysis questions on your notesheet
Teddy Roosevelt • Do Now:
1. What do you think TR is trying to accomplish according to these 2 quotes?
2. Do you believe that a country should be able to intervene or interfere in another country’s domestic affairs in order to protect its own interest?
Teddy Roosevelt
• A letter by Teddy Roosevelt
• Date: 26 January 1900
Teddy Roosevelt "If I had followed traditional, conservative
methods I would have submitted a dignified State paper of probably 200 pages to Congress and the debates on it would have still been going on; but I took the Canal Zone and let Congress debate; and while the debate goes on the Canal does also.“
- Theodore Roosevelt
Teddy Roosevelt President from 1901-1908
1. Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine, 1904
- Reason: Venezuela & Dominican Republic having debt problems with European countries Europeans threatened to return to Ven. and DR
Teddy Roosevelt
- US Response: US has the right to
intervene in any country in the Western Hemisphere, to stabilize the economic affairs of that nation US will restore order WORLD’S POLICEMEN
Roosevelt Corollary
Teddy Roosevelt 2. Big Stick Policy
(TR’s Foreign Policy) - US would try to
use peaceful means, but would use military force if necessary to protect interests
Teddy Roosevelt
3. Panama Canal (1904-1914)
- Advantages: faster trade, faster navigation
- Background: US wanted to build in Panama, but Columbia (colonizers of Panama) was resistant
Teddy Roosevelt - we blockaded Panama from Columbians
& encouraged Panama to revolt - we quickly signed a treaty with new
Panama government
Panama Canal
US Interventions in Latin America
William Howard Taft President from 1908-1912
1.Policy toward imperialism in Latin America known as Dollar Diplomacy
- the US heavily invests in the economies of Latin America giving us an excuse to intervene in order to protect our investments
Woodrow Wilson
President from 1912-1920
1. Policy toward Latin America known as Watchful Waiting
- he claimed he would not intervene as much as Roosevelt & Taft ends up intervening more!
Woodrow Wilson
2. Intervention in Mexico
- After the Mexican Revolution, Wilson refused to recognize the new President Huerta
- Wilson sends troops to Mexico to stop an arms shipment from Germany
Woodrow Wilson
- Sends more troops to find Mexican outlaw, Pancho Villa, who attacked a town in New Mexico & killed several Americans troops never found Pancho Villa
Wrap Up • Were United States’ actions in Latin
America during this period a continuation of or a departure from previous American foreign policy? Explain.
• How was Social Darwinism reflected in United States foreign policy from 1890 to 1914?
Foreign Policy Cartoons • Directions- Choose 3 of the cartoons
and with a partner, write a brief description AND analysis of the cartoon.
Your Task • Complete the DBQ’s & a detailed
OUTLINE your DBQ essay
• Due at the end of class
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