imperialism warm up – define the following: 1.imperialism 2.industrialization 3.nationalism...
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Imperialism Imperialism
Warm Up – Define the Warm Up – Define the following:following:
1.1. ImperialismImperialism
2.2. IndustrializationIndustrialization
3.3. NationalismNationalism
4.4. RacismRacism
5.5. Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism
1.1. ImperialismImperialism – – A policy in which a strong A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically and sociallypolitically, economically and socially
2.2. Industrialization – A policy by which Industrialization – A policy by which people move from an agarian based people move from an agarian based society to a manufacturing based society.society to a manufacturing based society.
3.3. Nationalism – The belief that people Nationalism – The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation – should be loyal mainly to their nation – that is, to the people with whom they that is, to the people with whom they share a culture and a history, rather than share a culture and a history, rather than to a king or ruler.to a king or ruler.
4.4. Racism – Belief in the superiority of one Racism – Belief in the superiority of one race.race.
5.5. Social Darwinism – ideas about “survival Social Darwinism – ideas about “survival of the fittest” applied to humans.of the fittest” applied to humans.
Why Imperialism? Why Imperialism?
Empire BuildingEmpire Building EconomicsEconomics Political and Military Political and Military
InterestsInterests Power and AuthorityPower and Authority Nineteenth Century – Nineteenth Century –
1800s1800s British Dominance - British Dominance -
called the Victorian Era called the Victorian Era after Queen Victoria after Queen Victoria who ruled for 64 yearswho ruled for 64 years
The Sun Never Sets on the The Sun Never Sets on the British EmpireBritish Empire
Examine the map below and then decide Examine the map below and then decide what the title means.what the title means.
Forms of ImperialismForms of Imperialism
Form Definition Example
Colony
A country or territory governed internally by a foreign power.
Somaliland in East Africa was a French Colony.
Protectorate
A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power.
Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River Delta.
Forms of Imperialism ContinuedForms of Imperialism Continued
Sphere of Influence
An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges.
Various countries claimed “spheres of influence” in China. Which ones?
Economic Imperialism
An independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments.
The Dole Fruit company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii.
Imperial Management MethodsImperial Management Methods
Indirect Control Direct Control• Local government officials used.• Limited self-rule.• Goal: to develop future leaders.• Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules.
• Foreign officials brought in to rule.• No self-rule• Government institutions are based only on European styles.
Examples:• British colonies such as Nigeria, India, Burma
Examples:• French colonies such as Somaliland, Vietnam.• German colonies such as German East Africa.• Portuguese colonies such as Angola.
Imperialism and Empire - AfricaImperialism and Empire - Africa Mapping Mapping
Imperialism Imperialism ActivityActivity
1880 – Most of 1880 – Most of Africa consisted Africa consisted of independent of independent statesstates
1914 – With the 1914 – With the exception of exception of Ethiopia and Ethiopia and Liberia, all of Liberia, all of Africa was Africa was controlled by controlled by EuropeansEuropeans
Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire
Conquerer of Constantinople Conquerer of Constantinople becomes “Sick Man of Europe”becomes “Sick Man of Europe”• Suleyman the LawgiverSuleyman the Lawgiver
Pattern of killing sons andPattern of killing sons and
brothers weakens govt brothers weakens govt Corrupt, thieving, Corrupt, thieving,
factious factious No more technologicalNo more technological
progress progress
Europeans Claim Muslim LandsEuropeans Claim Muslim Lands Geopolitics – an interest in or taking of land for its Geopolitics – an interest in or taking of land for its
strategic location and products, played an strategic location and products, played an important role in the fate of the Ottoman Empire.important role in the fate of the Ottoman Empire.
Ottoman Empire loses power after Suleyman Ottoman Empire loses power after Suleyman dies. Everyone loves the Mediterranean! U.S. dies. Everyone loves the Mediterranean! U.S. creates a navy to combat the Barbary Pirates creates a navy to combat the Barbary Pirates there.there.
Russia wanted control of the declining Ottoman Russia wanted control of the declining Ottoman Empire (specifically control of the Mediterranean Empire (specifically control of the Mediterranean Sea) and warm water port (Black Sea).Sea) and warm water port (Black Sea).
Crimean War (Russia v. Ottomans). Britain and Crimean War (Russia v. Ottomans). Britain and France join Ottomans to defeat Russia. France join Ottomans to defeat Russia.
Egypt Egypt
Egypt once part of Ottoman Egypt once part of Ottoman
Empire, but independent Empire, but independent
under leader Muhammad Ali under leader Muhammad Ali
began a series of economic began a series of economic
and military reforms. and military reforms.
Thinking Geopolitically . . . Thinking Geopolitically . . . Egypt Egypt
Egypt’s strategic location at the head of the Egypt’s strategic location at the head of the Red Sea made it valuable to Britain and Red Sea made it valuable to Britain and France. Think geopolitically. Why? France. Think geopolitically. Why?
Suez Canal - 1875Suez Canal - 1875 Europeans needed faster way from Europeans needed faster way from
the Mediterranean to the Indian the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean. Canal cut through isthmus, Ocean. Canal cut through isthmus, connecting Med to Red.connecting Med to Red.
The French and the Egyptians, with The French and the Egyptians, with funding from France, began a canal funding from France, began a canal to connect the two water bodies.to connect the two water bodies.
Because Egypt could not pay their Because Egypt could not pay their canal debts, they sold their shares canal debts, they sold their shares to Great Britain. Why interested?to Great Britain. Why interested?
1882 – Egyptian nationalists rebel 1882 – Egyptian nationalists rebel against foreign influence. British against foreign influence. British make Egypt a protectorate and take make Egypt a protectorate and take over control of the canal.over control of the canal.
5100 miles cut, 100 miles long, 2.4 5100 miles cut, 100 miles long, 2.4 million workers, 125,000 casualties. million workers, 125,000 casualties.
Persia Pressured to ChangePersia Pressured to Change
Russia and Britain competed to Russia and Britain competed to exploit Persia commercially.exploit Persia commercially.
Persia lacked the capital to develop Persia lacked the capital to develop its own resources, so it began its own resources, so it began granting concessions to Western granting concessions to Western businesses. (tobacco and oil)businesses. (tobacco and oil)
Forces Enabling African and Forces Enabling African and Indian ImperialismIndian Imperialism
European technological superiorityEuropean technological superiority• SteamboatsSteamboats• Automatic machine gunAutomatic machine gun• LocomotiveLocomotive• TelegraphTelegraph
Europeans had the means to control their Europeans had the means to control their empiresempires• Easy travelEasy travel• Wide spread communicationWide spread communication
African and Indian disunityAfrican and Indian disunity• Huge variety of cultures and religionHuge variety of cultures and religion• Fighting among culturesFighting among cultures• Huge business interests and support fromHuge business interests and support from
companiescompanies
What is direct control?What is direct control?
1.1. Foreign leaders come Foreign leaders come in to govern.in to govern.
2.2. Foreign leaders come Foreign leaders come in to help lead.in to help lead.
3.3. Local leaders take Local leaders take charge of foreign charge of foreign country’s policy.country’s policy.
4.4. Local leaders govern.Local leaders govern.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1010 SecondsSeconds
RemainingRemaining
What is indirect controlWhat is indirect control
1.1. Foreign leaders Foreign leaders govern.govern.
2.2. Foreign leaders come Foreign leaders come in to help lead.in to help lead.
3.3. Local leaders take Local leaders take control of outside control of outside country’s foreign country’s foreign policy.policy.
4.4. Local leaders govern Local leaders govern how they want.how they want.
1010
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Geopolitics is __________Geopolitics is __________
1.1. an interest in or taking an interest in or taking of land for its strategic of land for its strategic location and products.location and products.
2.2. an interest in or taking an interest in or taking land for political land for political reasons.reasons.
3.3. an interest in or taking an interest in or taking of land for of land for geographical reasons.geographical reasons.
4.4. an interest in or taking an interest in or taking land for economic land for economic reasons.reasons.
1010 SecondsSeconds
RemainingRemaining
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
The Crimean War was betweenThe Crimean War was between
1.1. Russia v. BritainRussia v. Britain
2.2. Russia v. Britain & Russia v. Britain & FranceFrance
3.3. Russia v. FranceRussia v. France
4.4. Russia v. Russia v. Ottoman, Britain, Ottoman, Britain, & France.& France.
11001 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
What project created large amounts What project created large amounts of debt for Egypt?of debt for Egypt?
1.1. Panama Canal Panama Canal construction.construction.
2.2. Suez Canal Suez Canal construction.construction.
3.3. Root canal Root canal construction.construction.
4.4. Croydon Canal Croydon Canal construction.construction.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Foreign businesses wanted to exploit Persia Foreign businesses wanted to exploit Persia for two major resources which included for two major resources which included
_____ & _______._____ & _______.
1.1. tobacco & tobacco & cottoncotton
2.2. cotton & oilcotton & oil
3.3. wheat & wheat & tobaccotobacco
4.4. tobacco & oiltobacco & oil
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
British in IndiaBritish in India British East India company controlled British East India company controlled
much of India using sepoys.much of India using sepoys. Sepoys – Native Hindu or Muslim Sepoys – Native Hindu or Muslim
mercenary private policemercenary private police Crops: opium poppies for sale in China Crops: opium poppies for sale in China
and cotton and tea for sale in the rest of and cotton and tea for sale in the rest of the British empirethe British empire
Cotton textile making outlawed in IndiaCotton textile making outlawed in India India was so profitable, it was called the India was so profitable, it was called the
“Jewel in the Crown.”“Jewel in the Crown.”
Negative Impacts of Colonialism in Negative Impacts of Colonialism in IndiaIndia
British held most political power.British held most political power. British emphasis on British emphasis on
cash crops & restriction cash crops & restriction
of Indian-owned of Indian-owned
industries led to famines.industries led to famines. Presence of missionaries Presence of missionaries
threatened traditional threatened traditional
Indian life.Indian life. Racism widespread. Caste Racism widespread. Caste
system didn't help.system didn't help.
Positive ImpactsPositive Impacts
Construction of the world’s 3Construction of the world’s 3rdrd largest railway largest railway network throughout India.network throughout India.
Telegraph and telephone lines were also Telegraph and telephone lines were also developed.developed.
Damns, bridges, canals enabled India to Damns, bridges, canals enabled India to modernize.modernize.
Some estimates – Some estimates –
literacy increased.literacy increased. Banned widows Banned widows
immolating selves on immolating selves on
husbands' funeral husbands' funeral
pyres (sati). pyres (sati).
Sepoy MutinySepoy Mutiny
Growing resentment Europeans attempting to Growing resentment Europeans attempting to convert Indians convert Indians
to Christianity.to Christianity. Add economic problems.Add economic problems. Mutiny started Mutiny started
with rumors with rumors
rifles greased w/ rifles greased w/
beef & pork. beef & pork. Muslims and Hindus Muslims and Hindus
were outraged. were outraged.
Imperialism and Empire - IndiaImperialism and Empire - India
The Sepoy Rebellion allowed The Sepoy Rebellion allowed British soldiers to invade and British soldiers to invade and control all of India. Took over control all of India. Took over from British East India from British East India Company. Company.
The British established control The British established control of India and its neighbors by of India and its neighbors by 1914.1914.
The British controlled The British controlled Australia, New Zealand and Australia, New Zealand and much of the far east. The much of the far east. The worlds’ biggest empire!worlds’ biggest empire!
The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914
To gain power, European nations compete for colonies and trade.
NationalismNationalism
Europeans exerted influence
over the economic, political, and social lives of people they
colonized.
Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world.
Missionary SpiritMissionary Spirit
Demand for raw materials and new markets spurs a search for colonies.
Economic CompetitionEconomic Competition
CausesCauses
The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914
Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
ColonizationColonization
Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia.
ChristianizationChristianization
Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies.
Colonial EconomicsColonial Economics
Effects
Europeans exerted influence
over the economic, political, and social lives of people they
colonized.
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