impact of solid wastes
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IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE ON
HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT
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Characteristics of wastes
Corrosive: these are wastes that include acids orbases that are capable of corroding mentalcontainers, e.g. tanks
Ignitability: this is waste that can create fires undercertain condition, e.g. waste oils and solvents
Reactive: these are unstable in nature, they causeexplosions, toxic fumes when heated.
Toxicity: waste which are harmful or fatal wheningested or absorb.
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Waste treatment and disposal
Waste treatment
Incineration
Solidification
Heat treatment:
Chemical treatment
Moeller, D. W. (2005). Environmental Health (3rd ed.).
Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press
Waste disposal
Landfills
Underground injection wells
Waste piles
land treatment
In less developed countries
flowing rivers
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Waste treatments
Incineration:
Solidification: solid waste are melted orevaporated to produce a sand like residue.
Heat treatment: Heat applied at moderatetemperature, is used in treating volatilesolvents.
Chemical treatment: is the application ofchemical treatment in the treatment ofcorrosive solid.
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Waste Disposal
Landfills: waste is placed into or onto the landin disposal facilities.
Underground injection wells: waste areinjected under pressure into a steel andconcrete-encased shafts placed deep in theearth.
Waste piles: is accumulations of insoluble
solid, non flowing hazard waste. Piles servesas temporary or final disposal.
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Waste Disposal
land treatment: is a process in which solid
waste, such as sludge from wastes is applied
onto or incorporated into the soil surface.
Waste are disposed in flowing rivers in less
developed countries.
Moeller, D. W. (2005). Environmental Health (3rd ed.). Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press
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Landfill site and Incineration site
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Causal of increase in solid waste
Population growth Increase in industrials manufacturing
Urbanization
Modernization
Modernization, technological advancement andincrease in global population created rising indemand for food and other essentials. This hasresulted to rise in the amount of waste beinggenerated daily by each household. 158 million tonsof municipal solid waste is produced annually in U.S
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Groups at risks due to solid waste
The groups at risk from the unscientific waste
disposal include:
Populations in areas where there is no proper
waste treatment method.
children
Waste workers
Populations living close to waste dump
Animals
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SOURCES OF HUMAN EXPOSURES
Exposures occurs through
Ingestion of contaminated water or food
Contact with disease vectors Inhalation
Dermal
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Points of contact
Soil adsorption, storage and biodegrading Plant uptake
Ventilation
Runoff
Leaching
Insects, birds, rats, flies and animals
Direct dumping of untreated waste in seas, rivers
and lakes results in the plants and animals thatfeed on it
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Impacts of solid waste on health
Chemical poisoning through chemical inhalation
Uncollected waste can obstruct the storm water
runoff resulting in flood
Low birth weight
Cancer
Congenital malformationsNeurological disease
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Impacts of solid waste on health
Nausea and vomiting
Increase in hospitalization of diabetic
residents living near hazard waste sites.
Mercury toxicity from eating fish with high
levels of mercury.
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Effects of Solid Waste on Animals and
Aquatics life
Increase in mercury level in fish due to
disposal of mercury in the rivers.
Plastic found in oceans ingested by birds
Resulted in high algal population in rivers and
sea.
Degrades water and soil quality
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Impacts of solid waste on
Environment.
Waste breaks down in landfills to formmethane, a potent greenhouse gas
Change in climate and destruction of ozone
layer due to waste biodegradable Littering, due to waste pollutions, illegal
dumping, Leaching: is a process by which solid
waste enter soil and ground water andcontaminating them. U.S. Environment Protection Agency (2009)
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PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Proper management of solid waste
Involving public in plans for waste treatmentand disposal
Provide the public accurate, usefulinformation about the whole projects,including the risks and maintain formal
communication with public Educate people on different ways of handling
waste.
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PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Waste Minimization is a process of reducing wasteproduce by individuals, communities and companies,which reduces the impact of chemical wastes on theenvironment to the greatest extent.
Household level of proper segregation of waste, recyclingand reuse.
Process and product substitution e.g. use paper baginstead of plastic bags.
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