immunology- intro [Режим совместимости] · 1. История развития...

Immunity Immunity

Противоинфекционный Противоинфекционный иммунитетиммунитетиммунитетиммунитет

Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine

канд.вет.наук. Корочкин Р.Б.канд.вет.наук. Корочкин Р.Б.

PhD Rudolph KorochkinPhD Rudolph Korochkin

1.1.История развития иммунологииИстория развития иммунологии

2.2.Иммунитет. Виды иммунитетаИммунитет. Виды иммунитета

ПЛАН ЛЕКЦИИПЛАН ЛЕКЦИИПЛАН ЛЕКЦИИПЛАН ЛЕКЦИИПЛАН ЛЕКЦИИПЛАН ЛЕКЦИИПЛАН ЛЕКЦИИПЛАН ЛЕКЦИИ

2.2.Иммунитет. Виды иммунитетаИммунитет. Виды иммунитета

3.3.Иммунный ответ при Иммунный ответ при инфекционных болезняхинфекционных болезнях

WHICH TYPE ARE YOU?WHICH TYPE ARE YOU?

HIPPOCRATESHIPPOCRATES

GALENGALEN

MIASMA THEORYMIASMA THEORY

Cholera epidemic of the XIX centuryCholera epidemic of the XIX century

“IMMUNIS” STATUS“IMMUNIS” STATUS

AlAl--RaziRazi ((9th centur9th century)y)

LADY “HEALTH CARE”LADY “HEALTH CARE”

Lady Mary Wortley MontaguLady Mary Wortley Montagu

BREAKBREAK--THROUGH TIMETHROUGH TIME

Edward JennerEdward Jenner

Milker Milker Sarah NelmesSarah Nelmes

First experimental First experimental variplation on 9 y.o.variplation on 9 y.o.James Phipps (179James Phipps (17988))

VARIOLATIONVARIOLATION

SAVE ME !!!SAVE ME !!!

Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur1885 Joseph Meister first 1885 Joseph Meister first vaccinatedvaccinated

PHAGOCYTOSISPHAGOCYTOSIS-- KEY FACTORKEY FACTOR

ANTIBODY FACTORANTIBODY FACTOR

Emil Adolf von BehringEmil Adolf von Behring18901890

IMMUNITY FOCUSIMMUNITY FOCUS

IMMUNITYIMMUNITY

INNATE IMMUNITYINNATE IMMUNITY ADAPTIVEADAPTIVE IMMUNITYIMMUNITYINNATE IMMUNITYINNATE IMMUNITY ADAPTIVEADAPTIVE IMMUNITYIMMUNITY

√√ natural resistancenatural resistance

√√ involves barriersinvolves barriers

√ √ preventprevent the colonization, the colonization, entry, and spreadentry, and spread

√√ developeddeveloped resistanceresistance

√√ involves responseinvolves response

√ √ inactivateinactivate the germsthe germs

ANATOMICAL BARRIERSANATOMICAL BARRIERS

BORN TO DEFENDBORN TO DEFEND

INFLAMMATIONINFLAMMATION

IMMUNE SYSTEM MECHANISMSIMMUNE SYSTEM MECHANISMS

HUMORS & CELLSHUMORS & CELLS

single neutrophil (yellow), single neutrophil (yellow), engulfing anthrax bacteria engulfing anthrax bacteria (orange)(orange)

Macrophages have identified a cancer Macrophages have identified a cancer cell (the large, spiky mass). Upon fusing cell (the large, spiky mass). Upon fusing with the cancer cell, the macrophages with the cancer cell, the macrophages (smaller white cells) will inject toxins (smaller white cells) will inject toxins

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITYADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

NATURALNATURAL IMMUNITYIMMUNITY ARTIFICIALARTIFICIAL IMMUNITYIMMUNITYNATURALNATURAL IMMUNITYIMMUNITY ARTIFICIALARTIFICIAL IMMUNITYIMMUNITY

ACTIVEACTIVEACTIVEACTIVE (INFECTION)(INFECTION)

PASSIVEPASSIVEPASSIVEPASSIVE (MATERNAL)(MATERNAL)

ACTIVEACTIVEACTIVEACTIVE (VACCINATION)(VACCINATION)

PASSIVEPASSIVEPASSIVEPASSIVE (TRANSFER)(TRANSFER)

FcRn receptorFcRn receptor

NATURALLY ACQUIRED PASSIVE IMMUNITYNATURALLY ACQUIRED PASSIVE IMMUNITY

ARTIFICIALARTIFICIAL PASSIVE IMMUNITYPASSIVE IMMUNITY

Mithridates VI of PontusMithridates VI of Pontus 18951895

NATURALLY ACQUIRED NATURALLY ACQUIRED ACTIVEACTIVE IMMUNITYIMMUNITY

ARTIFICIALARTIFICIAL ACTIVEACTIVE IMMUNITYIMMUNITY

NonNon--specificspecific

stagestagestagestage

Macrophages, scavenger immune cells11

22 Mast cells release chemicals, trigger inflammation

33 Phagocytosis

APC transported to lymph nodes44

55Activation of NK cells, macrophages, killer T cells

66 platelets forming clots