immunity & disease ch 38 immunity = protection against an invading foreign substance
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Immunity & Disease
Ch 38
Immunity = protection against an
invading foreign substance
Disease/ HealthDisease:=“dis-ease”
ImbalanceChronic = long termAcute = short termCaused by pathogens environment, genetics,
poor nutrition
Health:HomeostasisProper exerciseNutritionStress reliefStrong Immune System =Natural Defense
Pathogen/ HostPathogen:
“pathos”=sufferingDisease causing agentBacteriaVirusProtist parasiteFungus, Mold
Host = “hostess”of the Pathogen party!
Innate versus Acquired Immunity
Innate=Early defenses:WBC= Phagocytes & MacrophagesSkin,Tears, Saliva,Mucus, SweatHistamines= swelling
Acquired=Build up Resistance:Immune responseLymph systemAntibody /Cellular immunity= type of cells involved Passive/Active= type of exposure
The Skin:Innate Immunity
Acquired ImmunityImmune SystemSpecificActive=Natural exposure elicits immune response or vaccinationPassive= from mother or injection of antibodies
Cells of the Immune Response
Type of cell Innate/Acquired Function
BasophilEosinophilNeutrophil
Innate=early defensesWBC in the blood
Attack antigensAs phagocytes= (surround & destroy)
Macrophage InnateWBC in tissues
Attack antigensAs phagocytes
T-cells HelperKillerMemory
AcquiredCellular immunityAntibody immunity
CommunicateDestroyRemember
B-MemoryPlasma
AcquiredAntibody immunity
RememberMake antibodies
Antibodies Antibody immunity
Bind to antigens
Macrophage (WBC) engulfs a bacterium in the immune
system:
Lymph system: fluids & Macrophage WBC with lymph nodes
Antibody/AntigenAntigen:
Invading foreign substancePathogen orToxic chemicalElicits the immune response
Antibody:
“anti”=against
Body’s reaction to an antigen invasion
Blood protein
Made in the immune response by plasma B cells
Green antibody battles a red antigen!
Antigen-antibody complex:
Unique chemical fitOnce infected the anti body “memory” is stored=Immunity or protection when invaded again
Hybrid cell producing antibodies:
Virulence/ ToxinVirulence:
“strength” of a pathogen to over come the immune defensesAmount & entryLength of exposureIndividual’s health
Toxin:“toxic”Harmful substanceLiving or deadCause disease
STD Eubacterium Virus
Syphilis X X
Chlamydeous X X
Gonorrhea X x
Herpes X X
HIV X x
Aids (death) no By common diseasesWhen the immune system fails
Cold x
Flu x
Strep throat x
AIDS = break down of the immune system & death due to common diseases versus death by AIDS virus
Strep bacteria of Rheumatic Fever
Germ TheoryMicroorganisms can cause diseaseMicroorganism= tiny unseen organismLouis Pasteur in mid 1800’s
Infection:A growth of a disease causing organism:In the host
Depends upon the : Person’s health Amount of infectionEnvironmental conditions
Disinfectant:Chemicals that kill disease causing microorganismsUse to sterilize wounds & toolsDiscovered by Lister“Listerine” mouthwash
Medicinal Leeches & Blood letting:
Skull boring to drive out evil spirits of an ill person!
Penicillin mold anti-bactericide:
Koch’s Postulates:
Rules demonstrating
microorganismscause disease:
Isolate germGrow it in cultureInject itLook for the disease
Infectious disease:Disease
transmitted from one individual to another
Spread byWaterAirDirect contact
Tuberculosis Lung Disease
Carrier:Carry the diseaseBut show NO symptomsInfectious & spread the disease
Staphylococcus Bacteria
Causes sore throatSpread by carriersAlso pimplesCleanliness is important
Coccus = Round shaped bacteria
Toxin:Poisons produced by an organismCauses harm to other organisms
Example:Tetanus bacteriaPoison Brazilian darts
Other microorganisms & disease:
VirusesHIV virusFlu virusPolio virus
ProtozoansAmebic dysenteryMalaria
FungiAthlete’s footRingwormYeast infections
Yeast Infections:
Cynobacteria & Heterotroph
Salmonella Eats others
Makes its own food!
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