immigration and modern urban growth
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C H A P T E R 2 0S E C T I O N 2
IMMIGRATION AND MODERN URBAN GROWTH
INDUSTRIALIZATION CHANGES CITIES
• New inventions and materials sped up industrial growth. • Industries drawn to cities with good
transportation and plentiful workers.• Urbanization – the growth of cities.• skyscrapers. Increased the amount of housing
and business.• 1889 – the first elevator was installed allowing for
taller buildings.• The use of steel helped engineers for building.
CONTINUED
• Skyscrapers changed city skylines forever.• 1900 – electric streetcars • By allowing workers to live further away from
their jobs, public transportation helped new suburbs develop. • Some suburbs wanted to merge with big cities for
the transportation. (Chicago)
THE NEW IMMIGRANTS
• Key ? – who were the new immigrants and where did they settle in the U.S.?• Before 1896 immigrants came from northern and
western Europe. • After 1896 immigrants came from southern and
eastern Europe. (southern Italy, Poland and Russia. • This group became known as the “new
immigrants”.
THE NEW IMMIGRANTS
• Key ? Who were the new immigrants and where did they settle in the U.S.?• Ellis Island – (New York) first stop for European
immigrants.• Had to pass physical health exam – name,
occupation, and financial situation .• Angel Island – (San Francisco) filthy buildings and
held for weeks. • Mexican immigrants usually entered through
Texas.
FINDING WORK AND HOUSING
• Immigrants drawn to cities for work.• Ethnic neighborhoods were created. (Little Italy)• European –settled in the East and Midwest.• Look for industrial jobs. • Asian – settled in the West.• Chinese worked on the railroads; Japanese
worked on sugar plantations. • Fished, farmed, or worked in mines.• Mexicans found work on ranches in CA and TX,
and copper mines in AZ.
WHAT DID NATIVE- BORN AMERICANS FEAR ABOUT IMMIGRANTS?
• “Melting Pot” – a place where cultures blend.• Assimilation – blending into society; studied
English and American citizenship.• Did not give up their cultures completely.• Native-born citizens feared new religions coming
in, being controlled by politicians, taking jobs from them.• Immigrants would take any job for cheap wages.• Sweatshops –hot crowded dangerous factories.
CONTIUED
• Some Americans wanted immigration banned or restricted.• Chinese Exclusion Act – banned Chinese
immigration for 10 years.• Chinese workers faced low wages and violence.• Mexicans and African Americans were forced into
peonage; a system of labor, people are forced to work until they have paid off debts.
WHAT PROBLEMS WERE CAUSED BY URBANIZATION?
• Natural Disasters (San Francisco)• Poverty and Disease.• Old run-down tenements: crowded, landlord
neglect, poor design, garbage and sewage.• Slums• Jane Adams – founded Hull House in Chicago; to
help with daycare, education, and health care to needy.• Settlement houses began to spring up inspired by
the social gospel movement. (worked for labor reform)
POLITICAL MACHINES
• Political machine – is an illegal gang that influences enough votes to control a local government.
• Tammany Hall – the most famous located in New York was led by William Marcy Tweed (“Boss Tweed”)
• Stole money from the city.• Ironically, they did some good things like building
parks, sewers schools, roads, and orphanages in many cities.
• Immigrants supported the machines in return for finding them jobs.
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