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Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
Country Report from Canada
Presented by: Connie Phillips
Alberta Agriculture & Food
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 Meeting4/5 October, 2007
Vienna, Austria
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
1. Introduction Canada’s Opportunity
• Canada has a unique advantage in the combination of its natural resources and existing infrastructure
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
1. Introduction
• Canada has large biomass resource
– 7% of world’s land mass
– 10% of world’s forests
– 68 million ha of agricultural land
– 245 million ha of productive forests
– Annual biomass harvest from forestry and ag is 143 Mt of carbon
– Bioenergy potential is reasonably considered to be in the 20% range of current consumption
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
2. Current national biomass use
• 6% (0.7 EJ) of energy consumed in Canada is from biomass, and most of this is within the pulp and wood products industry via incineration of waste streams for heat and power
• Most residual ag residues (stalks, hulls, straw) are consumed in some manner within the ag industry
• Numerous pilot and pre-commercial scale facilities are operating using anaerobic digestion (ag waste or MSW), waste wood pyrolysis or gasification technology
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
Alberta's oil sands deposits total 2.4 trillion barrels of oil, and established reserves are only second to Saudi Arabia's 263 billion barrels at 175 billion barrels.
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
• In 2005 energy exports from Alberta were valued at $57.5 billion C
• Currently the U.S. is the main consumer of Alberta oil and gas:
– 1.8 million barrels per day, supplying about 11% of U.S. crude oil imports
– 2.6 trillion cubic feet of natural gas per year, supplying 60% of U.S. natural gas imports
Oil & Gas
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
• There are 10 billion tonnes of coal in Canada
• It is predicted that coal reserves will last another 200 years
• The industry contributes $5B to the economy
• Coal bed methane is another source of natural gas
Coal
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3. Biomass-related national policy goals
• 5% renewable fuels by 2010
• 2% biodiesel by 2010
• Longer range goals are under development
• Individual Provinces have their own policy goals and targets
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPrimary agricultural sector (small-scale initiatives)
• Manure anaerobic digestion to biogas and fertilizer
– Highmark, Alberta
– Bio-Terre, Quebec
• Animal slaughter waste anaerobic digestion
– Clear-Green Environmental,Saskatchewan
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing Biofuels Plants
26ProductionTallowPQRothsay (Maple Leaf Foods)
60productionwheatONBiox
10productionwheatSKCanadian Green Fuels
12productionwheatSKPoundmaker
114productionBCOkanogan Biofuels
150constructionwheatSKTerra Grains
10expansionwheatAB
30producingwheatABPermolex
130commissioningwheatMB
10producingwheatMB
130producingwheatSKHusky Energy
120constructioncornPQ
26producingcornON
187producingcornONGreen Field Ethanol (formerly Commercial Alcohols)
200producingcornONSuncor
Capacity, million litres
StatusFeedstockLocationCompany
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesNon-food Industry (materials, products, …)
• Milligan Biotech, Saskatchewan – canola based biodiesel, fuel additives, dust suppressants
• Parkland Biofibre, Manitoba – waste hemp processing to insulation, matting, etc.
• Ceapro, Alberta – grain based intermediates for the pet care and personal care industries
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesFeed Industry
• Permolex, Alberta – grain fractionation to flour, gluten, and starch-to-ethanol, with wet distiller grains as low value feed
• Poundmaker, Saskatchewan – ethanol production integrated with adjoined cattle feed lot (using wet distiller grains)
• Huskey Energy, Saskatchewan & Manitoba – ethanol production integrated with dry distillers grains
• Alberta Distillers, Alberta – alcohol production integrated with dry distillers grains
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesSawmills
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing Biorefineries SawmillsNumber of Establishments in Canada
by Type and RegionSawmills and Wood Preservation
(NAICS 3211)December 2005
Provinceor Territory
Employers Non-Employers/Indeterminate
Total % ofCanada *
Alberta 73 63 136 5.7%
British Columbia 479 346 825 34.5%
Manitoba 19 14 33 1.4%
New Brunswick 95 50 145 6.1%
Newfoundland and Labrador 49 22 71 3.0%
Northwest Territories 0 0 0 0.0%
Nova Scotia 85 48 133 5.6%
Nunavut 0 0 0 0.0%
Ontario 217 165 382 16.0%
Prince Edward Island 12 5 17 0.7%
Quebec 428 175 603 25.2%
Saskatchewan 24 18 42 1.8%
Yukon Territory 0 2 2 0.1%
CANADA 1,481 908 2,389 100%
Percent Distribution * 62.0% 38.0% 100%
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing Biorefineries Sawmills
Value of ProductionPrincipal Establishments**Manufacturing Shipments
andManufacturing Value-Added
1994-2003Sawmills and Wood Preservation Industry Group
(NAICS 3211)
Measureof Production
Value in$billions
CAGR*1994-2003
% Change2002-2003
1994 2003
Manufacturing Shipments 15.4 15.6 0.1% -12.8%
Manufacturing Value-Added 6.5 5.0 -2.9% -24.3%
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing Biorefineries Pulp Mills
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing Biorefineries
Provinceor Territory
EmployersNon-Employers/Indeterminate
Total% of
Canada *
Alberta 9 2 11 11.3%
British Columbia 17 9 26 26.8%
Manitoba 2 2 4 4.1%
New Brunswick 5 2 7 7.2%
Newfoundland and Labrador 0 0 0 0.0%
Northwest Territories 0 0 0 0.0%
Nova Scotia 1 1 2 2.1%
Nunavut 0 0 0 0.0%
Ontario 12 5 17 17.5%
Prince Edward Island 0 0 0 0.0%
Quebec 19 8 27 27.8%
Saskatchewan 2 1 3 3.1%
Yukon Territory 0 0 0 0.0%
CANADA 67 30 97 100%
Percent Distribution * 69.1% 30.9% 100%
Number of Establishments in Canadaby Type and Region
Pulp Mills(NAICS 32211)December 2005
Pulp Mills
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesValue of Production
Principal Establishments**Manufacturing Shipments
andManufacturing Value-Added
1994-2003Pulp Mills Industry
(NAICS 32211)
Measureof Production
Value in$billions
CAGR*1994-2003
% Change2002-2003
1994 2003
Manufacturing Shipments 5.8 7.0 2.2% 2.1%
Manufacturing Value-Added 2.4 2.5 0.1% 2.4%
Notes:* Compound annual growth rate
** Incorporated establishments with employees, primarily engaged in manufacturing and with sales of manufactured goods equal or greater than $30,000
Pulp Mills
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPetrochemical Industry, incl. Conventional Oil Refineries
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on BiorefineriesCanadian Refineries
Company LocationYear Built
Current Capacity m3/d (June 2005) Type
ATLANTIC
Imperial Oil Dartmouth, NS 1918 13,992 Cracking
Irving Oil Saint-John, NB 1960 44,517 Cracking
North Atlantic Refining Come-by-Chance, NFLD
1973 16,700 Cracking
Atlantic Total 75,209QUEBEC
Petro-Canada Montreal, QB 1955 20,635 Cracking
Shell Montreal, QB 1933 20,700 Cracking
Ultramar St-Romuald, QB 1971 33,000 Cracking
Quebec Total 74,335ONTARIO
Imperial Oil Nanticoke, ON 1978 17,800 Cracking
Imperial Oil Sarnia, ON 1897 19,200 Coking
Shell Sarnia, ON 1952 11,100 Cracking
Suncor Sarnia, ON 1953 13,500 Hydrocracking
Nova Chemicals * Sarnia, ON 1977 12,700 Topping (Petrochemicals)
Ontario Total 74,300
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
PRAIRIES
Coop/Newgrade Regina, SK 1935 13,500 Hydrocracking/Coking
Husky (upgrader)* Lloydminister, AB 1947 4,000 Topping (Asphalt)
Imperial Oil Edmonton, AB 1975 28,600 Cracking
Petro-Canada Edmonton, AB 1971 21,929 Coking
Moose Jaw Asphalt* Moose Jaw, SK 2,400 Topping (Asphalt)
Shell Scotford, AB 1984 20,000 Hydrocracking/Coking
Prairies Total 90,429
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Chevron Burnaby, BC 1936 8,300 Cracking
Husky Prince George, BC 1967 1,800 Cracking
British Columbia Total 10,100
CANADA GRAND TOTAL
324,373
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
Edmonton’s Refinery Row, 300 km2
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPower Production Industry
500 – 9,999 kw
10,000 – 99,999 kw
100,000 – 999,999 kw
1,000,000 – 5,500,000 kw
Combination of:
Hydro, natural gas,
Coal, coal bed methane, wind and geothermal
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesOthers
• Dynamotive is commissioning a 200 tpd pyrolysis plant in Ontario for production heating oil grade fuel using urban wood waste
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesNational and EC Projects
• Canadian Triticale Biorefinery Initiative
– Fully integrated program for crop development, processing technology, conversion technology, as well as downstream product development for chemicals and materials
• Flax 2015
– Expanding industrial applications and flax industry in Canada
• Hemicellulose Utilization from Pulp Mills
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesPilot Plants, Demonstration Plants – Government supported
• POS Pilot Plant. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan• NRC – Biotechnology Research Institute. Montreal,
Quebec• NRC – Industrial Materials Institute. Montreal, Quebec• Alberta Research Council. Edmonton, Alberta• Alberta Research Council. Vegreville, Alberta• Agri-Food Discovery Place. Edmonton, Alberta• Food Processing Development Centre. Leduc, Alberta• Guelph Food Technology Centre. Guelph, Ontario• Numerous municipal waste conversion projects
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesPilot Plants, Demonstration Plants - Private
• Iogen – straw based cellulosic ethanol Ontario
• Ensyn – thermal conversion of forestry residue to liquid fuels Ontario
• Enerkem- MSW conversion to low molecular weight alcohol fuels Montreal
• Lignol Innovations – solvent based wood fractionation to lignin and fermentable sugars British Columbia
• Huskey Energy – ethanol production from grain Saskatchewan and Manitoba
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesDemonstration Plants
Highmark Renewables’ IMUS system, Vegreville Alberta
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
6. Major National Stakeholders
• Natural Resources Canada
• Ministry of Environment
• Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
• Industry Canada
• National Research Council
• In addition to provincial counterparts
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
6. Major National Stakeholders
• Canadian Biomass Innovation Network coordinates the GoC’sinterdepartmental research and development activities in the areas of bioenergy, biofuels, industrial bioproducts, and bioprocesses.
• Natural Resources Canada’s Office of Energy Research and Development (NRCan-OERD) manages CBIN’s funding. CBIN will also manage the ecoETI funding for biobased energy systems.
• BIOCAP is a research foundation that, with funding from various stakeholders including government ministries, directs research programs towards sustainable and clean energy.
• Ontario Biocar – natural fibre reinforced composites, biobased polymers and materials for the automotive parts industry
• BioteCanada is an association representing Canada’s biotechnology industry
Networks, Organizations
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
6. Major National Stakeholders
• The Flax 2015 Initiative has been established to develop the potential of flax as feedstock for biobased chemicals and products. Funding is from the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, the Saskatchewan Flax Development Commission, Flax Council of Canada, and AAFC.
• The Canadian Triticale Biorefinery Initiative is a research and development network focused on developing triticale, a high yielding non-food cereal crop, as a biorefinery feedstock for the manufacture of fuels, chemicals and materials.
• Green Crops Network is a Canada wide network of researchers, investigating four areas, reducing plant NO2 emissions, enhancing soil carbon stocks, plant responses to CO2, and biofuel (oil) crops.
• FPInnovations is the industry association and research collective representing the forest products industry. FPInnovations set strategic direction for the industry.
• National Research Council has bioindustrial projects in progress at several of its Research Institutes, such as Plant Biotechnology Institute, Innovative Materials Institute, and Biotechnology Research Institute
Networks, Organizations
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
6. Major National Stakeholders
• ACAAF is a 5 year $240 million initiative to establish Canada’s agriculture and agri-food sector at the forefront of the global industry and enable Canada’s industry to meet the challenges and opportunities that are unfolding.
• Within ACAAF is the Biofuels Opportunities for Producers Initiative (BOPI) that has allocated $20 million over 2 years for the funding of feasibility studies and business plans for biofuel production facilities.
• The Agriculture Bioproducts Innovation program is $145 million. ABIP is a five year $145 million program aimed at supporting the development of bioproducts research networks.
Funding Programs
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
6. Major National Stakeholders
• AAFC has announced an additional $500 million to assist farmers and rural communities to take advantage of biorefining opportunities, as well as $200 million for Capital Formation Assistance Program for Renewable Fuels.
• SDTC will manage $500 million to establish demonstration scale research and development for clean industrial technologies such as next generation (cellulosic) biofuels.
• NRCan operates the ecoEnergy Technology Initiative. This $230 million program is about clean energy production, and among the eight priority areas is biobased energy systems which will develop new and improved methods of producing energy from plants, wasted, and microorganisms.
• GoC has allocated $1.1 million to support the development of options for recovering the economic value from forest stands killed by beetles.
Funding Programs
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
6. Major National Stakeholders
• Each province also has its own funding programs and incentives
Funding Programs
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