iaea international atomic energy agency session 1: best practices in planning for remediation iaea...
Post on 13-Jan-2016
216 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
IAEAInternational Atomic Energy Agency
Session 1: Best Practices in Planning for Remediation
IAEA Safety Standards for Remediation
Pil-Soo Hahn, Director
Division of Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety
Department of Nuclear Safety and Security
56th Regular Session of the IAEA General ConferenceSenior Regulators’ Meeting
20 September 2012
IAEA 2
Outline
• Context for remediation within IAEA programmes.
• IAEA safety standards for remediation and their current state of development.
• Planning for remediation.
• Application of the IAEA safety standards in the context of planning for remediation.
• IAEA Perspectives on remediation planning.
IAEA
Definitions in Standards
Remediation Any measures that may be carried out • to reduce the radiation exposure due to existing contamination of land
areas through actions applied to the contamination itself (the source), or to the exposure pathways to humans.
Complete removal of the contamination is not implied.
Remedial actionThe removal of a source or the reduction of its magnitude (in terms of activity or amount) • for the purposes of preventing or reducing exposures that might
otherwise occur in an existing exposure situation.
3
IAEA
Situations that need remediation
• Contaminated lands arising from a nuclear accident
• Complex R&D Facilities (e.g., fuel cycle R&D and prototype reactors)
• Legacy uranium mines and mills• Former test sites for nuclear weapons
• Radium production facilities (a legacy), and more recently other NORM processing operations
4
IAEA 55
Fundamentals
underlying principles – aimed at politicians and
regulatory authorities
Requirements
obligations and
responsibilities (“shall” statements)
Guidesrecommendations to support requirements (“should” statements)
Hierarchy of IAEA Safety Standards
IAEA 6
Principle 10: Protective actions to reduce existing or unregulated radiation risks must be justified and optimized• Radiation risks may arise in situations other than in facilities
and activities that are in compliance with regulatory control. • In such situations, if the radiation risks are relatively high,
consideration has to be given• to whether protective actions can reasonably be taken to reduce
radiation exposures, and • to remediate adverse conditions.
Remediation: Safety Fundamentals (2006)
IAEA
The safety requirements for remediation are now found in the new IAEA Basic Safety Standards
• Integration of Recommendations in ICRP 103 (2007)
• Approval by the IAEA Board of Governors (Sept. 2011)
• Replaces the old BSS (1996)
IAEA Safety Requirements for Remediation (2011)
IAEA
System of Radiation Protection
• Three exposed groups Workers Patients General public
• Three Exposure Situations Planned exposures Emergency Existing exposures
• Three Radiation Protection Principles Justification Limitation Optimization
IAEA
Existing exposureRadiation Protection Principles
Justification
Remedial and protective actions should be adequate to the risk
Do more good than harm
Limitation
Reference level : 1-20 mSv/a
To be defined by the regulator based on:
- Experience- Feasibility - Interested parties
Optimization
- Exposure levels- Number of people exposed - Economic and social
implications
As Low As R easonably A chievable, economic and social factors being taken into account (ALARA)
IAEA
Key issues for remediation in the BSS
• Defines responsibilities • Government• Regulatory body• Planning/implementing institutions
• Recommends radiological criteria• Reference level for the representative person: 1-20 mSv/a• Exposure due to commodities: 1 mSv/a
• Requires the application of radiation protection principles• Justification, optimization, limitation
10
IAEA 11
GSR Part 3 (2011)
Safety Standards for Remediation – 2012
Under R
evisi
on
WS-G-3.1 (2007)
IAEA
Related IAEA standards
For remediation, other related standards usually apply in part….
12
IAEA 13
Considerations to be given in the planning stage
• Is there a proper legal and regulatory framework?• Have existing exposure situations been identified and assessed? • Develop a national remediation strategy, which includes appropriate
remediation criteria.• Have proposed remedial actions been optimized? Difficult choices
have to be made when resources are scarce.• Has provision been made for appropriate engagement of stakeholders?• Adequate planning for wastes arising from remedial actions?• Has provision been made for long term care after remediation?• Are there other regulatory organizations to liaise with (e.g. non-
radiological considerations)?
IAEA
Generic Decision Process for RemediationMonitoring
( Radiological Characterization )
Assessment of exposures
Land useLiving habits
CriteriaTechnologies
Dose to workers Acceptance
CostsDecision for remediation
Remediation
Criteria ok ?Exit Yes No
Yes
No
IAEA 15
Application of the Standards
The IAEA Safety standards are used by the Secretariat in a number of ways…
• Basis for peer reviews.• Advise MS on the
development of regulations.• IRRS missions.• Technical Cooperation Project
for MS.• Inform training material.
IAEA 16
IAEA Activities : Remediation Planning
• International Forum for Regulatory Supervision of Legacy Sites Strengthening regulatory oversight of legacy sites. About 40 countries have participated in RSLS.
• Central Asia Initiative Assists MS in Central Asia with former uranium production sites that
are a legacy of the past.
• International programmes EMRAS II: Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety (2009-2011). MODARIA: Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessments
(to be launched in Nov. 2012). Develop, test and compare models to assess exposures from
radionuclides being released or existing in the environment.
IAEA 17
Going forward
IAEA Perspectives on Remediation Planning• Review and update safety standards for remediation.• Assist MS to develop an appropriate framework for remediation.• Promote the development of remediation strategies, rather than ad
hoc remedial actions.• Encourage exchange of information among its members through
projects such as MODARIA and RSLS, and thereby strengthen the necessary competencies.
• Promote awareness of the need for long term care and maintenance after remediation.
• Assist MS in carrying out EIA and planning for remediation, including peer review services.
IAEA 18
Thank you
top related