i. geography of northern africa handout 3-2. a.vocabulary 1....

I. Geography of Northern

AfricaHandout 3-2

A.Vocabulary 1. Savanna-___________________________________

2. Delta-______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Cataract-_______________________________________________________________________________

A grassy plain

A.Vocabulary 1. Savanna-___________________________________

2. Delta-______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Cataract-_______________________________________________________________________________

A grassy plain

low land formed at the mouth of some rivers by the silt the river drops there; often in shape of a triangle

A.Vocabulary 1. Savanna-___________________________________

2. Delta-______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Cataract-_______________________________________________________________________________

A grassy plain

low land formed at the mouth of some rivers by the silt the river drops there; often in shape of a triangle

Waterfall or a spot where water runs fast over rocks

1. What does “Paleolithic period” mean?

Old Stone AgeFrom the beginning of the use of stone

tools to the

development of agriculture

App. 2.5 million y.a. to 12,000 y.a.

2. Explain how the Sahara turned from savanna to desert.

About 5,000 BC, the climate began to change, getting

warmer.

Sahara slowly dried up and the grasses began to die.

3. Complete the following statements about the Nile River by filling in the blanks.

a. The Nile is the world’s ________________ river.

longest

b. It flows ______________

more than _____________

miles.

northward

4,000

c. Its main source is at

_____________ in central

Africa.

Lake Victoria

d. The Nile River flows

into the _____________

Sea.Mediterranean

e. From the map on page 132, what

are the two branches of the

Nile River?

Blue Nile

Khartoum, Sudan

Blue NileLake Tana

White NileLake Victoria

“Iteru”

4. What kinds of stone make up the cliffs near the Nile in Upper

Egypt?

Limestone Sandstone

5. How did this affect the channel of the Nile and why?

The river has cut a deep channel through the soft

rock.Soft rock is much more

easily eroded than harder rock.

6. What kind of stone makes up the cliffs in Nubia to the south?

Granite

7. How did this affect the channel of the Nile and why?

The river runs over the harder granite and erodes it much more slowly. We call these

cataracts.

1. Explain how the soil in Egypt became so fertile.

The river carries silt eroded from the riverbed.

When the river flooded, then receded, it left mineral rich silt behind on the

floodplain.

Farming Along the Nile

2. What did the Egyptians call their home and what did it mean?

Kemet Black Land

3. According to Egyptian beliefs, who caused the

yearly flood?

The Nile god, Hapi

4. What event brought an end to the yearly flood of the Nile?

In 1972, the Aswan High Dam was built to control flooding.

5. How do Egyptians today keep their land suitable for farming?

They use mechanical irrigation and canals.

Aswan High Dam

6. What did the Egyptians call the Sahara and what did it mean?

Deshuret

1. How did most farmers get and pay for their farmland?

Rented land from large landowners and paid part of their crop in rent.

2. Give five examples of crops the Egyptians grew.

Wheat Barley

Onions Lettuce Beans

3. Name four animals Egyptians raised for food.

cattlegoatssheeppigs

4. Out of what materials did Egyptians make clothing?

Linen and wool

Where the Blue and White Nile MeetThe Fertile Land of Egypt

E. Egypt was isolated by natural barriers 1. South-__________________ ________________________ 2. West-__________________ _______________________ 3. East-___________________ _______________________

_______________________ 4. North-_________________

6 cataracts of the Nile, mountains

E. Egypt was isolated by natural barriers 1. South-__________________ ________________________ 2. West-__________________ _______________________ 3. East-___________________ _______________________

_______________________ 4. North-_________________

6 cataracts of theNile,

mountains

Western Desert (Sahara)

E. Egypt was isolated by natural barriers 1. South-__________________ ________________________ 2. West-__________________ _______________________ 3. East-___________________ _______________________

_______________________ 4. North-_________________

6 cataracts of theNile,

mountains Western Desert(Sahara)

Red SeaSinai Peninsula

Eastern Desert (Sahara)

E. Egypt was isolated by natural barriers 1. South-__________________ ________________________ 2. West-__________________ _______________________ 3. East-___________________ _______________________

_______________________ 4. North-_________________

__________________

6 cataracts of theNile,

mountains Western Desert(Sahara)

Red SeaSinai Peninsula

Eastern Desert (Sahara) Mediterranean

Sea

The US spent app. $663,800,000,000 on defense in 2010.

That is equal to approximately $1,262,880 per minute.