i car2.0
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Page1
A Reality Check
Stephen Chen
VP, Global InSight LLC
September 2012
iCar
Outline
Page2
a. Design
b. Easy to use
a. Drive-by-Wire
b. Autonomous Driving
c. Networked
d. Safe
i. Active (Pre-collision)
ii. Passive (Post-collision)
e. Premium priced but affordable ($25K-
$30K)?
i. Green isn’t cheap
ii. Serviceability
iii. Over the top services
Where would he start?
What would he like to have in it ?
What can he do given the current
state of automotive engineering?
Steve Jobs dreamed of building an iCar
Page3
What is Apple’s brand promise?
Page4
Is Apple good at what car buyers want?
Page5
The challenges of designing and producing an
iCar are huge
Page6
iPhone iCar
Lines of code < 10M > 100M
# Components 10K 100K
# Processors 3 > 100
# Sensors 3 > 100
# Displays 1-2 5-30
Development time 6-12 months 2-3 years
Testing time 3-6 months 1-2 years
Standards/ Regulatory
CE, FCC
SAE, CAN, LIN, FlexRay, CE, FCC,
ISO 26262, NHTSA, EPA
Many tools and processes are available for design
CAD/CAM
3-D Printing
Page7
Are cars becoming easier to drive?
Drive-by-Wire is an
enabling
technology
Page9
Brake-by-wire
Steer-by-wire Throttle-by-
wire
Shift-by-wire
But there are still some issues
Page10
Shift-by-wire
(late 1990s)
Throttle-by-wire
(late 1980s)
Brake-by-wire
(2015?)
Steer-by-wire
(2020?)
Sudden
Acceleration
(Audi, Toyota)
Where are we headed?
Autonomous
Driving
Page11
Stanford
CMU
Italy
DARPA Grand
Challenge Winners
Driving from Italy to China
http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/robotics-
software/autonomous-vehicle-driving-from-italy-to-china
Page12
Parma, Italy to Shanghai, China (13,000 km)
3 months
Two vans in line, sharing navigation duties
Not unmanned (hitchhiker!)
Electric powered
Convoy of four vans, six support trucks
20 staff
The Google driverless car
http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/artificial-
intelligence/how-google-self-driving-car-works/
Page13
Joint project with Stanford University
2010 - present
6 Toyota Prius, Audi TT, Lexus RX450h
Over 300,000 driverless miles logged
Accident
“Fender bender “when driven by human
Rear-ended while stopped at a traffic
light
Autonomous Vehicles Challenges
Public perceptions
1950’s autonomous concept cars
Who is the “ultimate driving
machine”?
Costs
Laser guidance System - $70,000
Safety
Liability
Regulatory
Nevada first state to license
autonomous vehicles
Page14
1959 Cadillac Cyclone
1956 Firebird II
In-vehicle networking is complex
3-5 major buses
Multiple sub-
networks
30-100 micro-
controllers /
micro-processors
30-100 sensors
No redundancy,
multiple single
points of failure
Mission-critical
functions isolated
Page15
Sensors are ubiquitous
Page16
Challenges of automotive in-vehicle networks?
Multiple Time-triggered and Event-triggered protocols
(including 10G Ethernet)
Bus contention is an issue as more components are
added
EMI issues are difficult to solve
Research in underway in introducing gateways and
multiplexors to increase efficiency, security and
reliability
Page17
Vehicle networking outside the car
Page18
– Ann Arbor, MI
US DOT sponsored,
Umichigan TRI, Aug 2012-13
3000 vehicles – cars,
trucks, buses
Embedded, aftermarket, and
one-way communication
devices
Dozens of radio-equipped
traffic signals, 10 roadside
servers
50 OEMs, Tier 1, Tier 2
suppliers
Page19
http://www.its.dot.gov/safety_pilot/index.htm
program objectives
Page20
Security of V2V and V2I remains a challenge
Page21
The iCar must be safe
Active (Pre-collision)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCoKY_KjVvc
ABS, ESC
Tire pressure monitoring
Adaptive cruise control
Lane centering
Stop-and-Go
Rear camera
Blind spot camera
Parking assistance
Collision avoidance
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drgNmZ74eEc
Night vision
Page23
Even if it crashes
Passive (Post-collision)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omsLbgKrISo
Lap/shoulder belts
Head restraints
Air bags (front, side, curtain, rear)
Laminated windshields
Safety cells
Anti-intrusion bars
Crumple zones
Collapsible steering column
Padded dashboards
Anti-submarine seats
Pedestrian protection system
Page24
Green isn’t cheap
Regulatory requirements
MPG/CAFÉ
CO2 reduction
Toxic gas emissions
Safety (e.g. seatbelts, air bags,
rollover protection, abs, esc,..)
End-of-life (European Union)
Alternative powertrains
Hybrids
Start-stop
Electric Vehicles
Fuel cell
Natural gas
Sustainable materials
Recycled materials
Biomaterials
Page25
Maintaining your iCar
• Real-time diagnostics
• Emergency/Roadside assistance
• Insurance telematics
Page26
Finally, new services
Location aware
Advertising
Parking
Social networking
Points of interest
Health and wellness
Page27
One-Touch Emergency Button
Two-Way Voice Communication with an
Emergency Response Specialist
Audible Alert Notifications
Always On
Automatic Time Adjustment
Illuminated Display
Rechargeable Battery
Base Station Charger - Illuminates to confirm the
device is docked and charging and can be used as
a night light.
Health and Wellness – Personal “OnStar”
Page28
Glucose monitors attached to driver
Bluetooth connection to car
Navigate to clinic/hospital if blood sugar too low
Monitor pollen levels
Asthma, cold, cough
What is in the iCar app store?
Today
Mobile internet radio
Locate parked car and how to get there
Manage expiration dates
Record accident
Engine tuning
Manage gas usage
…
Tommorow?
Page29
iCar App
iCar Management
iCar Radio Lite
iCar BlackBox
iCAR
iCar Care
Someday soon?
Page30
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