hyperthyroidism tics

Hyperthyroidi

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INTRODUCTIONHyperthyroidism

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DescriptionHyperthyroidism, a term for overactive

tissue within the thyroid gland, resulting inoverproduction of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream.

INTRODUCTION

The over secretion of thyroid hormones leads to over activity of the body's metabolism.

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DescriptionHyperthyroidism results from an excessive

output of thyroid hormones due to abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland by circulating immunoglobulin.

INTRODUCTION

The condition is often referred to as an "overactive thyroid”.

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Description Thyroid hormone is important at a cellular

level, affecting nearly every type of tissue in the body.

It functions as a stimulus to metabolism, and is critical to normal function of the cell.

INTRODUCTION

2 Thyroid Hormoneso Thyroxine (T4) represents 90% of thyroid

hormone productiono Triiodothyronine (T3) comprises 10%

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Types  Graves' disease is most often associated with

hyperthyroidism. Researchers believe Graves' disease is caused by an antibody which stimulates the thyroid too much. This overstimulation causes the excess production of thyroid hormone.

Graves' disease is categorized as an autoimmune disorder (a dysfunction of the body's immune system). The disease is most common in young to middle-aged women and tends to run in families.

INTRODUCTION

1.) Graves' disease (Diffuse Toxic Goiter)

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Types Symptoms of Graves' disease are identical to

hyperthyroidism, with the addition of three other symptoms. However, each individual may experience symptoms. differently

INTRODUCTION

1.) Graves' disease (Diffuse Toxic Goiter)

The three additional symptoms include:Goiter (enlarged thyroid which may cause a

bulge in the neck)Exopthalmus (bulging of eyes)Dermopathy

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INTRODUCTION

Graves' disease (Diffuse Toxic Goiter)

dermopathy

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Types Hyperthyroidism caused by toxic nodular

goiter is a condition in which one or more nodules of the thyroid becomes overactive. The overactive nodules actually act as benign thyroid tumors. Symptoms of toxic nodular goiter do not include bulging eyes or skin problems, as in Graves' disease. The cause of toxic nodular goiter is not known

INTRODUCTION

2.) Toxic Nodular Goiter (Multinodular Goiter)

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Types Thyroiditis causes temporary

hyperthyroidism, usually followed with hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid).

INTRODUCTION

3.) Thyroiditis

Thyroiditis is an inflammation of the thyroid gland.

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TypesThere are three types of thyroiditis:

› Hashimoto's thyroiditis› Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis› Silent lymphocytic thyroiditis

INTRODUCTION

3.) Thyroiditis

In addition, if a person takes too many thyroid hormone tablets,

hyperthyroidism may occur.

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Incidence & Prevalence

Relatively common disease that can occur at any age

INTRODUCTION

More common in the 3rd and 4th decade

Disease is more frequent in women(7:1)

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Incidence & PrevalenceGenetic factors play an

important role

INTRODUCTION

An overlap exists with other autoimmune diseases suggesting Graves is also a

autoimmune thyroid disease

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Prevalence Rate

INTRODUCTION

Fem

ale

Mal

e

0

2

4

6

8

10

<30

30-39

40-49

50-59

60-60

70-79

>80

>81

<30

30-39

40-49

50-59

60-60

70-79

>80

>81

As expected, hyperthyroidism ismore common in females than in males(P < 0.001 in all four periods). A 35–40% increase in incidence rate ofhyperthyroidism was observed in both sexes.

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ANATOMY &PHYSIOLOGY

Hyperthyroidism

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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

The thyroid is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body. This gland is found in the neck inferior to (below) the thyroid cartilage (also known as the Adam's apple in men) and at approximately the same level as the cricoid cartilage.

The thyroid controls how quickly the body burns energy, makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones.

Thyroid Gland

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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

The thyroid participates in these processes by producing thyroid hormones, principallythyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

These hormones regulate the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. Iodine is an essential component of both T3 and T4.

The thyroid also produces the hormone calcitonin, which plays a role in calcium homeostasis.

Thyroid Gland

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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

Thyroid Gland

The thyroid is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary. The gland gets its namefrom the Greek word for "shield", after the shape of the related thyroid cartilage.

Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) and hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) are the most common problems of the thyroid gland.

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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

Thyroid Gland

A normal adult thyroid gland usually weighs 10 to 20 g.

It receives its nourishment from bilateral superior andinferior thyroid arteries anda small artery called thyroidima.

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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Embedd

ed Videohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCpjv8YcUow

Note: Internet connection is needed to view this video.

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGYHyperthyroidism

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Predisposing factors: Sex Age

↑ Thyroid Hormone (T3, T4) due toImmune Reactivity to TSH Receptor

(Graves Disease)

Specific Immune Response/ Autoimmune

Thyroid Gland

Infiltration of Lymphocytic, Mucopolysaccharides,

Fluid, Glycosaminoglycans

Precipitating factors: Diffuse toxic goiter (Grave's dse.) Autoimmune Condition secondary

to:stress, crisis or infection

Tobacco smoking

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Fluid retention in Retrobulbar Soft Tissue, Extra-ocular Muscle

Pressure toOptic Nerve

Bulging of Eyes

Diplopia

Blindness Proptosis/ Exophtalmu

s

Lid Retraction

Lid Lag Corneal Exposure

Dryness of Corneal

Irritation of Eyes

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DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES

In addition to a complete medical history and medical examination, diagnostic procedures for hyperthyroidism may include:

Measurement of thyroid hormone in the bloodstream

Thyroid ultrasoundA test to evaluate the thyroid gland

for evidence of any nodules.  Thyroid scan

A test that uses a radioactive substance to create an image of the thyroid.

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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSWhat are the

manifestations? The following are the

most common signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism . However, each individual may experience manifestations differently.

NervousnessIrritabilityIncreased perspirationThinning of the skinFine, brittle hairWeak muscles, especially in the upper arms and thighsShaky handsFast heartbeat

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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSWhat are the

manifestations? The following are the

most common signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism . However, each individual may experience manifestations differently.

High blood pressureIncreased bowel movementsWeight lossSleeping difficultyProminent eyesSensitivity to bright lightConfusionIrregular menstrual cycle

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MEDICAL MANAGEME

NTHyperthyroidism

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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

How the condition is treated depends on the cause and the severity of symptoms. Hyperthyroidism is usually treated with one or more of the following:

1. Anti-thyroid medications

Use of anti-thyroid drugs that help lower the level of thyroid hormones in the blood.

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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

Anti-thyroid medications

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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

How the condition is treated depends on the cause and the severity of symptoms. Hyperthyroidism is usually treated with one or more of the following:

2. Radioactive iodine (which destroys the thyroid and stops the

excess production of hormones)

Use of radioactive iodine, in the form of a pill or liquid, which damages thyroid cells so that production of thyroid hormones is slowed down

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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

Radioactive Iodine

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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

How the condition is treated depends on the cause and the severity of symptoms. Hyperthyroidism is usually treated with one or more of the following:

3. Surgery to remove part of the thyroid

(the overactive nodule)

If the thyroid must be removed with surgery or destroyed with radiation, you must take thyroid hormone replacement pills for the rest of your life.

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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

Thyroidectomy

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MEDICAL MANAGEMENTThyroidecto

my

Note: Internet connection is needed to view this video.

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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

How the condition is treated depends on the cause and the severity of symptoms. Hyperthyroidism is usually treated with one or more of the following:

4. Beta-blockers such as propranolol are used to treat some of the symptoms,

including rapid heart rate, sweating, and anxiety until the hyperthyroidism can be controlled.

Use of beta-blocking agents, which block the action of thyroid hormone on the body; (These drugs do not change the levels of thyroid hormone in the blood, but may make the patient feel better.)

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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

Beta-blockers

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JOURNAL READING

Hyperthyroidism

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JOURNAL

Hyperthyroidism: Overactivity of the Thyroid Gland

The Latest on Symptoms in Hyperthyroidism

Methimazole vs. Propylthiouracil for Hyperthyroidism

Note: Please click hyperlink

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JOURNAL

PSEM Battles Goiter and Other Thyroid Diseases in RP

Philippine Thyroid Association’s Thyroid Expo Kicks Off Medicine Week

Goiter Still Rampant Among Filipinos

Note: Please click hyperlink

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Web/Internet:

http://dine.racoma.com.ph/health/take-charge-of-your- health/ http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthyroidism/index.htm http://general-medicine.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2007/619/1 http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/85/3/1038 http://www.tribune.net.ph/life/20081117lif5.html http://www.malaya.com.ph/feb17/livi1.htm http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=goodLife02_sept19_2006

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CURRICULUM

VITAE

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KRISTINE CHARISSE V. TANEDO

Lot#14 Purok Mabuhay,Tubod, Iligan City,Philippines 9200(063) 223-9673casey.tanedo@yahoo.com

Personal details:Age - 21 years oldDate of Birth - February 3,1991Place of Birth - Tibanga, Iligan CityNationality - FilipinoReligion - Born-Again ChristianFather’s Name - Eugene Vernon A. Tanedo, Sr.Mother’s Name - Grace V. TanedoCivil Status - Single Height - 5’0”Weight - 93.5 lbsSex - FemaleLanguage Spoken - English, Filipino, Cebuano

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Educational background: Tertiary: Iligan Medical Center College

San Miguel Village, Pala-o, Iligan CityBACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING (2010-2012)GRADUATE – OCTOBER 2012

 Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of TechnologyTibanga Highway, Iligan CityBACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING (2007-2010)

 Secondary: La Salle Academy

Bro. Jeffry Road, Villaverde, Iligan City(2003-2007)

 Elementary: La Salle Academy

Bro. Jeffry Road, Villaverde, Iligan City(1998-2003)

 Achievements:  Registered: Basic Life Support- CPR Training for Healthcare Providers Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center Auditorium (October 2010)

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RLE/ Clinical affiliations:Emergency Room - Iligan Medical Center Hospital Gregorio T. Lluch Memorial Hospital

St. Mary’s Hospital Dr. Uy Hospital

 Operating Room - Gregorio T. Lluch Memorial Hospital

Northern Mindanao Medical Center Delivery Room - Gregorio T. Lluch Memorial Hospital Northern Mindanao Medical Center St. Mary’s Hospital OB/Gyne Ward - Gregorio T. Lluch Memorial Hospital Psychiatric Nursing - Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center Community Health Nursing – Buru-un Health Center

Brgy. Santiago Health Center Skills/Interest:

Computer Literate - Microsoft Office applications- Adobe applications (photo and video editing)

Remains calm and professional throughout critical incidentsRelates to people from a variety of cultures.

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THANK YOU!END