hydroelectric and pumped storage
Post on 08-Jan-2016
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HYDROELECTRIC AND PUMPED STORAGE
• PRESENT WORLD CAPACITY = 630 GW
• POWER = DELTA P x FLOW RATE
• POWER (W) = QgH
H =METRES, Q = CUSECS
WORLD TOTAL = 630GW
More than 100mPelton wheel or Impulse turbine
Francis turbine vary output by QRadial inflow
Kaplan turbine, propeller, large Q, low HCan change blade angle
Need to run at constant speed
TIDAL TURBINE
FRANCIS TURBINE
FRANCIS TURBINE
POWER CONTROLLED BY FLOW RATE, Vcup = Vjet/2
18 SETS OF 700 MW =12.6 GW, H=120M, FLOW = 9000 TONNES/S
CRUACHAN PUMPER STORAGE SCHEME
CRUACHAN RESERVOIR AND LOCH AWE
DINORWIG PUMPED STORAGE IN WALES
TIDAL POWER
GRAVITATIONAL AND CENTRIFUGAL FORCES CAUSED BY THE EARTH-MOONINTERACTIONTOTAL UK POTENTIAL = 17% OF CURRENT ELECTRICTY GENERATION
12.5 HRS50 MINS LATEREACH DAY29.5 DAY CYCLE14 DAYS BETWEENSPRING & NEAPSUN PULL IS 177 BIGGER THAN MOONMID OCEANTR=0.5MNEAR COASTSTR AMPLIFIEDUP TO 15M
MUTUAL ROTATION ABOUTCOMMON CENTRE GIVESLARGE OUTWARD G FORCEON SEA ON FAR SIDE & SMALLG FORCE ON NEAR SIDE.PULL OF MOON STRONG ON NEARSIDE, WEAKER THAN AVERAGEON FAR SIDESUM APPROX SAMEON BOTH SIDES
2 miles of permanent mud at Weston – super - Mare
R
AREA = A
MASS OF TRAPPED WATER = ARC OF G = R/2 ABOVE LOW WATER MARK
MAX PE IF ALL WATER FALLS R/2 = 2
..R
gAROver tidal period ‘t’ average PE =
T
gAR
2
2
Reversible pumps/turbines better than sluice gates
Turbines 6000MW between high & low basins, 2500 MW high & seaPumps 2500MW
WAVE ENERGY
UP TO 2MW/mAverage 80kW/mTwice as much available in UK territorial watersAs current installed generating capacitySeasonal peak in the winterStorms a problem
ANNUAL AVERAGE WAVE POWER IN KW/M
SALTER DUCK WAVE POWER CONVERTER
SALTER DUCK WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER
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