hybrid vehicles

HYBRID VEHICLESV.MOUNIKA REDDY

BVRIT

CONTENTS:- Definition. What is Hybrid? Classification. Electric verses Internal Combustion. Timeline of Hybrid technology. The Batteries. The Future scope.

HYBRID VEHICLE:-

A Hybrid vehicle is one that uses two different methods to propel the vehicle.

A Hybrid Electric Vehicle, abbreviated HEV uses both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor to propel the vehicle.

The hybrid vehicles use a high voltage battery pack and a combination electric motor and generator to help or assist a gasoline engine.

What is a Hybrid? Hybrid electric vehicles include both combustion

engine as well as electric motor.

If we had better batteries, we would not need hybrids at all.

Hybrid can be implemented in many kinds of vehicles.

Global Warming:-

Hybrids are not zero-emission vehicles.

Will cut down the emissions of global-warming.

Later models may cut these emissions down by even more.

Why Hybrid?

Regenerative braking actually makes city driving more economical than on the highway.

Fuel efficiency is greatly increased. Emissions are greatly decreased. Dependency on fossil fuels can be decreased. Hybrids can be run on alternative fuels as well. New materials can be implemented.

CLASSIFICATION:-

The types of hybrid electric vehicles include:

1. Series Hybrid electric vehicle.2. Parallel Hybrid electric vehicle.3. Series-Parallel Hybrid electric vehicle.

Series HEV:-

Parallel HEV:-

Series-Parallel HEV:-

Plug-In HEV:-

Batteries:- NiMH D cells

Prismatic Ni-MH

Metal case Prismatic Ni-MH

Electric control unit:-

Regulates temperature and state of charge.

Ensures safe and reliable driving.

History:-1839 : First electric vehicle.1890-1910: Significant improvements in battery

technology(Pb,NiFe)1898:Ferdinand Porsche built a hybrid.1905: Gas – Electric car.1991:Advanced super Battery.2000:Toyota prius available in Japan and US.2002:Honda civic Hybrid introduced2004:Toyota prius 2 introduced

Components of HEVs:-

1)Hybrid engine:-

2). Hybrid Battery:-

3). Electric motor:-

4).Generator:-

5). Transmission and gearing:-

Input-split mode

Compound-split mode

Advance technology in HEVs

Regenerative braking.

Automatic start and shut off.

Use advanced aerodynamics to reduce drag

Advantages:-

Mechanical.Environmental.Energy efficiency.Cost of recharge is very low.Use less fuel used to recharge battery.Lighter.Regenerative braking system stores electrical energy

in batteries.

Disadvantages:-

High cost.Risk of exposure to high voltage wires.Long time batteries charging.More expensive than conventional vehicles.Spare part maybe hard and costly.

Future scope:-

When the entire world is facing the scarcity of petrol and the gasoline prices are touching the sky, Hybrid Cars have come up as a promising and a feasible option to cope with the situation.

The use of hybrids is being encouraged by many governments in the world.

Conclusion:-

A technology exists to build a future with a significant lower dependence on oil.

Hybrids can play an important role in realizing this future, filling the gap between immediate improvements through conventional technology.

Hybrids can help drive passengers vehicle oil consumption and global warming.