hwh unit 5 chapter 6.4. “ under the consulate, france reverted to a form of enlightened...

Napoleon

HWH UNIT 5CHAPTER 6.4

“Under the Consulate, France reverted to a form of enlightened despotism, and Bonaparte may be thought of as the last and most eminent of the enlightened despots.”

-Palmer, A History of the Modern World (389)

Born on Corsica in 1769 Rose quickly in the French military During the Revolution

A Jacobin Defeated the Austrians in Italy, 1795-1797 The “Whiff of Grapeshot” Egypt Campaign, 1797-98

Background

Abbé Siéyès

“Confidence from below, power from above”

Constitution of Year VIII (The Consulate) 1799-1804 3 Consuls Napoleon is “First Consul” Approved by plebiscite

The Coup d’état of 18 Brumaire

Tax Reform Amnesty to all parties in the

Revolution Invited Émigrés back Royalists and Jacobins in government

Domestic Reforms of the Consulate

The Lyceé

The Bank of France

Stabilized the economy Strong currency Stable lines of credit

The Concordat of 1801

“Careers Open to Talent”

The Legion of Honor

1802: Napoleon First Consul for Life

The Civil Code (Napoleonic Code), 1804

Solidified the ideas of the

Revolution Equality before the law Freedom of religion No feudalism or serfdom Protection of private property Fewer rights for women

The Napoleonic Code

Napoleon’s Police State

Joseph Fouche A former radical

Censorship Spies Equality for all No Democracy

War, and then peace

Defeated Austria, peace with Britain 1803: Europe at peace (first time in 11

years)

Foreign Policy Under the Consulate

Bonaparte Crossing the Alps by Paul Delaroche Musée du Louvre, Paris

Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814)

Napoleon’s Empire, 1805

The Battle of Trafalgar, October 1805

Lord Admiral Horatio Nelson

Battle of Austerlitz, December 1805

1806 Napoleon ends the Holy

Roman Empire Replaced by Confederation

of the Rhine Napoleon defeats Prussia

The Continental System

The Peninsular Campaign

Portugal violated the Continental System

Napoleon invaded Spain to get there Spain rose up

Rebellion lasted 5 years Inspired the rest of

Europe NATIONALISM

Second of May 1808 by Goya

Third of May, 1808 by Goya

The Invasion of Russia, 1812

Alexander disliked Napoleon’s power Continental System

Alexander withdraws in 1810 Grand Duchy of Warsaw

Army of 600,000 invades in summer of 1812

Russian Strategy: Scorched Earth

The Retreat from Moscow

The Battle of Nations [or Leipzig] (October 1813)

Napoleon Abdicates (April, 1814)

Exiled to Elba

Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)

The Hundred Days (March-June, 1815)

Napoleon escapes Elba

Raises an army Defeated at

Waterloo Duke of

Wellington

Napoleon’s Final Exile: St. Helena