human genetic diseases

Human Genetic Diseases

Page 117

Objectives

Describe some common genetic diseases

Examine selective breeding Discuss cloning Analyze genetic engineering Describe current genetic

research Construct personal pedigree

Ways to Cause Genetic Disease

Mutation in DNA of genes Alteration in structure of a

chromosome Change in the number of

chromosomes

Cystic Fibrosis

Recessive disease Affect 1:31 births Disease: Produce abnormally thick

mucus Die early due to infection

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Sickle-Cell Anemia

Recessive Disease Discovered in 1910 Single nucleotide change from T to A 70,000 American’s Chronic body problems

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Hemophilia

Sex-linked disease Blood clots very slowly

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Down’s Syndrome

Three copies of Chromosome 21 Causes

Mental retardation Heart defects

Risk increases with age of mother

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Pedigree Charts 1. Male = Square 2. Female = Circles 3. Normal = Open 4. Disease = Filled 5. Carrier = Half filled

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Albinism

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Hemophilia

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Karyotypes

Picture of all the cells chromosomes lined up in pairs

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Selective Breeding

Process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be the parents of the next generation

What desired traits would you like in a dog?

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Inbreeding

Breed individuals with similar traits Turkey

Plump Quickly maturing

Will also inherit similar genetic defects

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Hybridization

Breed two genetically different organisms

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Cloning

An organism that has exactly the same genes as the one it came from.

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Genetic Engineering

Bacteria Other Organisms Resistant to insects Less bruising

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Genetic Engineering

Gene Therapy Issues

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Modern Genetics

Human Genome Project 30,000 genes Average gene is 3,000 bases long

DNA Fingerprinting Cut up DNA and look for difference that can identify

individuals

Quiz