human bionics - more freedom or electronic slavery?
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Ray Ga
llon & Neu
s Loren
zo
@TransformSoc
Human Bionics More Freedom or Electronic Slavery?
h@p://www.smartboneblog.com/wp-‐content/uploads/2013/02/url-‐copia.jpeg
@TransformSoc
Poll: What’s your opinion of Human Bionics?
• Pick one answer:
A: Something to be afraid of
B: A promise of a better life
@TransformSoc
The Connotation of Human Bionics
h@p://www.e-‐encuesta.com/answer?testId=Z+VP3Ua/O1w=
Human bionics is mainly about roboWc mechanisms in a futurisWc scenario Human bionics relates to implants to enhance human capabiliWes
9%
91%
Which of these two statements is closer to reality?
@TransformSoc
3000-Year-Old Prostheses
Prosthesis, (from Ancient Greek prósthesis, "addiWon, applicaWon, a@achment"
h@p://www.pinterest.com/pin/387591111653328904/
Iraq: Lens, 1200-‐1000 BCE Secret Knowledge
h@p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosthesis
Egypt: Toe, 1200-‐1000 BCE FuncJonaliy
h@p://media-‐cache-‐ec0.pinimg.com/736x/e1/cd/0f/e1cd0f0fefabef6b81630d6a0d5e56f.jpg
Iran : Eye, 2900-‐2800 BCE Money & Power
@TransformSoc
Leonardo da Vinci: The Concept
Bionics: the use of biological prototypes for the design of man-‐made syntheWc systems
–Dr. Jack E. Steele, US Air Force, 1960 • Study basic principles in nature
• Use them to produce applicaWons to meet the needs of humankind
h@p://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/design/images/davinci.jpg
h@p://elder-‐geek.com/wp-‐content/uploads/2010/11/830px-‐Leonardos_Flying_machine_Design.jpg
@TransformSoc
Technology for Health Enhancement
Roman surgical instruments found at Pompeii
h@p://www.pinterest.com/pin/387591111654234215/
h@p://www.pinterest.com/pin/387591111654990751/
Victorian ProstheWc Arm (1885)
@TransformSoc
@TransformSoc,
Cochleal Implant
h.p://www.bbc
.co.uk/news/sp
ecial/sci_enviro
nment/12/bionic_
body/img/cochl
ear_implant320x180.j
pg,
External)&)Implanted
@TransformSoc,
Timed Release Medication from
a Smart Skin Patch h.p://themedicalfuturist.com/wp:content/uploads/2014/03/31:1000x1000.jpg,
External)&)Opera-ng)on
Health and Technology
@TransformSoc
Health and Beauty
h@p://vigodenWstas.com/wp-‐content/uploads/2014/02/bigstock-‐Capped-‐Dental-‐Implant-‐Model-‐6941096.jpg
h@p://www.amawebs.com/storage/photos/m42dl49edne.jpg
Replacing or Improving?
@TransformSoc
Using digital prostheWc devices can…
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
Offer you new sensorial potenWaliWes
Help your individual growth
Facilitate your professional development
Make you dependent on a machine
Leave you vulnerable to hackers
Expose you to external control and surveillance
All age groups
Under 40 age group
@TransformSoc
@TransformSoc,
From Controlling the External Environment…
h.p://www.speedu
pmypcfree.com/wp8conte
nt/uploads/2012/10
/500x_4388295418
_4f0db62357_b_01
.jpg,
h.p://zeropluscampus.umn.edu/tools/images/websolar.png,
h.p://d3ux6s8yj4izv
p.cloudfront.net/wp
8content/uploads/2
009/04/sustainable8
wind8farms.jpg,
A Paradigm Shift for Technology
@TransformSoc,
…To Controlling Our Internal Selves
h.p://jjlayfield.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/transhumanism.jpg,
h.ps://research.unsw.edu.au/sites/all/files/styles/carousel_image/public/
images/custom_project/1346204775_greggs_eye_image.jpg?itok=KoXlzYX3,
h.p://p
ages.va
ssar.ed
u/l./
files/2
011/03
/P5200
049.jpg
,
@TransformSoc
Taxonomy: Bionic Degrees
Source: TransformaWon Society, 2014
@TransformSoc
Draped Wearables Devices that we drape onto our bodies – glasses, clothing, watches…
h@p://www.highsnobiety.com
/files/2014/05/highsnobiety-‐
op-‐
ed-‐the-‐future-‐of-‐wearable-‐te
chnology-‐04.jpg
h@p://usabilitygeek.com/wp-‐content/uploads/2013/12/ways-‐wearable-‐
technology-‐can-‐improve-‐our-‐lives-‐google-‐glass.jpg
@TransformSoc
Wearable: Finger Reader Wearable Text-Reading Device
h@p://www.vilaweb.cat/media/conWnguts/000/090/400/thumbnails/thumb_474__4.jpg Full text:h@p://www.vilaweb.cat/noWcia/4215438/20141017/dit-‐lector.html
h@p://vimeo.com/86912300
@TransformSoc
Embedded Wearables
Worn, but in inWmate contact – prostheses, contact lenses, ta@oos…
h@p://blog.monty.de
/wp-‐content/u
ploads/2009/0
9/digital-‐contac
t-‐lense.jpg
h@p://media.idownloadblog.com/wp-‐content/uploads/
2014/01/Sensor-‐Tatoo-‐image-‐001.jpg
@TransformSoc
Patrick (13) was the youngest person in the world with a robotic arm (2010)
“My friends think it looks like something out of a film.
On the first day I had it, the ba@ery ran out really quickly because everyone wanted to check it out and shake my hand!”
h@p://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_9040000/newsid_9048400/9048484.stm
@TransformSoc
@TransformSoc,
Natural Walking Function
h.p://www.dvice.c
om/archives/2009/04
/stanford_studen.
php,
Not Necessarily Electronic Not Necessarily Expensive
@TransformSoc,
A $350 3D-Printed Myoelectric Arm for a 6-Year-Old
h"p://www.3ders.org/ar0cles/201407289year9old9boy9gets93d9printed9myoelectric9arm.html
July,28,,2014,
@TransformSoc
h@p://img.deusm.com/designnews/2011/07/231068/6571.jpg
Implants
h@p://i.yWmg.com/vi/Tt8_28fqEXk/hqdefault.jpg
h@p://i.imgur.com/jCM6laG.jpg h@p://head
lesschicken
.ca/cyborg
blog/uploa
ded_imag
es/
ta@oo1-‐72
5221.jpg
Integrated into the interior of our bodies in a permanent, or semi-‐permanent way – chips, electrodes, insulin pumps, permanent ta@oos…
@TransformSoc
Grafts and “Wet Systems”
Living Wssue that augments or replaces capacity, not just implanted, but graued into the body -‐ May be mixed with silicon. Transcriptor – a biological transistor developed
at Stanford University (drawing)
h@p://images.sciencedaily.com/
2013/03/130328142400-‐large.jpg
ArWficial bioe
lectric interfa
ce using jellyfi
sh
(University o
f Illinois at Ch
icago)
h@p://www.b
ioe.uic.edu/p
ub/BIOE/
BioeProspecW
veStudents/b
mljellyfish.JPG
This sensor chip uses slime mold to do its work
h@p://www.newscienWst.com/data/images/ns/cms/dn11875/dn11875-‐1_510.jpg
@TransformSoc
Slime Mold Computing
h@p://images.techWmes.com/data/images/full/5
166/slime-‐mold-‐logic-‐gates.jpg?w
=600 h@p://www.microsou.com/global/eu/publishingimages/MolecularCompuWng_01_Page.jpg
@TransformSoc
Ref: h@ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EaHh50PHN5M
Ref: h@p://www.awesomeoff.com/images/entries/mainview/subdermal_ear.jpg
Hybrid: Implant + Graft
@TransformSoc
People with limited hand movement can now have elecWve amputaWon and bionic replacement in Vienna
@TransformSoc
Do these ideas make you uncomfortable?
33.33 44.44
22.22 33.33 33.33
66.67 55.56
77.78 66.67 66.67
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
A helmet controlling machinery directly through brain waves
Personal electronic devices etched onto your skin as a ta@oo
Implants controlling body malfuncWons
automaWcally
Implanted personal devices, permanently connected to the Internet of Things
Graued personal devices combining
electronics with living Wssue with living Wssue
YES NO
Under 40 age group
26.67
51.11
13.33
71.11
35.56
73.33
48.89
86.67
28.89
64.44
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
A helmet controlling machinery directly through brain waves
Personal electronic devices etched onto your skin as a ta@oo
Implants controlling body malfuncWons
automaWcally
Implanted personal devices, permanently connected to the Internet of Things
Graued personal devices combining
electronics with living Wssue with living Wssue
All age groups
Under 40 age group
h@p://www.e-‐encuesta.com/answer?testId=Z+VP3Ua/O1w=
@TransformSoc
Convergence
• “A coherent science and engineering approach based on the unity of nature and its holisWc invesWgaWon will lead to technological convergence and a more efficient societal structure… bring[ing] together nanotechnology, biotechnology, informaWon technology, and new technologies based in cogniWve science.”
M.C. Roco and W.S. Bainbridge (NSF), Converging technologies for improving human performance: IntegraGng from the nanoscale, Springer, 2002 h@p://cms.springerprofessional.de/journals/JOU=11051/VOL=2002.4/ISU=4/ART=5099721/BodyRef/PDF/11051_2004_ArWcle_5099721.pdf
• “With proper a@enWon to ethical issues and societal needs, the result can be a tremendous improvement in human physical and mental capabiliWes, individual, and societal outcomes, and quality of life.”
@TransformSoc
h@p://www.3ders.org/images/beauty-‐bald-‐eagle-‐beak-‐1.jpg
h@p://www.3ders.org/arWcles/20120814-‐injured-‐bald-‐eagle-‐beauty-‐gets-‐bionic-‐beak.html
Incorporating Ethical Issues
A 3D Printed Beak
@TransformSoc
Dynamic Convergence
Source: Roco & Bainbridge
Ethics
@TransformSoc
Enhanced Perception… Digital Reality
?Bionics
Ref: h@p://www.awesomeoff.com/images/entries/mainview/subdermal_ear.jpg
Internet of T
hings
h@p://farm
9.staWc.flick
r.com/8296
/779342322
2_b275916e
a7_m.jpg
@TransformSoc
…Enhanced Performance
h@p://cdni.wired.co.uk/1240x826/o_r/rnanpsvwcv7b6aun5iq3.jpg
Mind Control: faster and be\er
@TransformSoc
Connecting Bionically
@TransformSoc,
h.p://www.psu.com
/forums/showthread.php/3
06516=A=sensa?ona
l=breakthrough=the=
first=bionic=hand=tha
t=can=feel,
2009: A
Bionic Hand
that Can Feel
@TransformSoc,
2014: Sense Objects, Size, Shape, and Texture
h.p://www.dvice.com/sites/dvice/files/styles/blog_post_media/public/bionic@hand@touch.jpg?itok=gz1wGNlk.,
@TransformSoc
Cheaper and Faster
h@p://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2014/03/dutch_hospital_gives_paWent_n.php
3D Printed Skull h@p://a57.foxnews.com/global.fncstaWc.com/staWc/managed/876/493/6603DSpine2.jpg?ve=1&tl=1
3D Printed Vertebras
• Private or Public Funding for research? • Randomized or Selected PaWents? • Public and Transparent Results?
@TransformSoc
3D Printing & Human Tissue Cultures
h@p://ediWon.cnn.com/2014/04/03/tech/innovaWon/3-‐d-‐prinWng-‐human-‐organs/
@TransformSoc
Who Decides Who Gets One? US FDA approves the Deka arm, the first commercial mind-‐controlled prostheJc arm (May 2014)
h@p://www.extremetech.com/extreme/182202-‐fda-‐approves-‐the-‐deka-‐arm-‐the-‐first-‐commercial-‐mind-‐controlled-‐prostheWc-‐arm
@TransformSoc
Stragegies for Getting One
What about your kid?
• Wrote to Mercedes' F1 team
• Asked for $57,000 bionic hand.
• Offered the company to sponsor the hand with Mercedes logo -‐ like ads on F1 cars.
14-‐year-‐old Ma@hew James
@TransformSoc
Neil Harbisson can hear colours and
connect to Internet
Ref: h@ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EaHh50PHN5M h@p://www.pinterest.com/pin/480900066434104938/
h@p://www.businessinsider.com/bionic-‐technology-‐human-‐cyborgs-‐2014-‐7
Who Certifies It?
@TransformSoc
Is it one thing to use a chip to help somebody with a neurological challenge and another to insert one to improve normal brain function?
@TransformSoc
@TransformSoc,
Cybathlon
h.p://www.techandinnova9on
daily.com/wp<content/uploads/2013/02
/Bionics.jpg,
Looking,forward,to,the,Bionic,
Olympics,in,2016,
Brave New World?
@TransformSoc,
Would You Ask for an Implant for Better Performance?...
,Possible(reasons:,,• Health,• Sport,• Jobs,• Science,• Paren8ng,• Sex,• …,,,…,,,?,,
h=p://www.juanblogs.com/wpCcontent/uploads/2014/03/LookingCforwardCforCBionicCOlympicsCinC2016.jpg,
@TransformSoc
When do I Stop Being Me?
@TransformSoc
Bertolt Meyer: What happens if a bionic hand becomes available that lets you type more rapidly?
Or a leg that lets you run faster?
Would you choose to replace a healthy limb with a bionic one?
Should that be allowed?
@TransformSoc
Claudia Mitchell has a bionic arm, controlled by her brain (2005 image)
@TransformSoc
Which of these uses of human bionics would you accept for yourself?
66.67
55.56
66.67
33.33
72.73
40.91
54.55
22.73
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Medical implants that include your personal treatment
records, available to health professionals
Implanted devices to facilitate personal life, such as
telephones, idenWficaWon, cashless transacWons
Enhanced night vision through ocular implants for
professionals like police, security, soldiers, etc.
An extra wearable limb for gaming
Which of these uses of human bionics would you accept for yourself?
Under 40 age group
All age group
h@p://www.e-‐encuesta.com/answer?testId=Z+VP3Ua/O1w=
@TransformSoc
Who Has the Power? Robotic Knights to Save Human Lives…?
h@p://media3.s-‐nbcnews.com/i/streams/2013/August/130816/6C8651922-‐exoskeleton.jpg
Talos, roboWc exoskeleton
h@p://arWficialhumanoid.blogspot.com.es/2013/09/leonardo-‐da-‐vinci-‐humanoid-‐robot_9.html
Romanesc RoboJc Knights
Ray Ga
llon & Neu
s Loren
zo
@TransformSoc
“My i-‐limb connects to my iPhone, but my iPhone is connected to the internet. Technically, a part of my body has become hackable.”
–Bertolt Meyer
@TransformSoc
Which of these do you think is most ethically relevant?
2.86
20
14.29
2.86
5.71
34.29
5.71
14.29
8.57
14.29
22.86
8.57 8.57 8.57
0
28.57
11.43
8.57 8.57 8.57
14.29
5.71
0
25.71
Cost of bionic devices
Who decides about
providing implants
Who has priority access
to bionic devices
ArWficially altered
percepWon
Hacking neuronal
transmi@ers
ViolaWon of the body
Challenge to religious beliefs
Threat of control or surveillance
1 2 3
h@p://www.e-‐encuesta.com/answer?testId=Z+VP3Ua/O1w=
@TransformSoc
What are the limits?
Ref: h@ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EaHh50PHN5M
Jerry lost his finger in an accident: Now he has a Flashdrive implant
With electrodes fixed to his brain, Chirpy the pigeon no longer has full control of his criWcal faculWes.
h@p://www.wired.com/images_blogs/photos/uncategorized/cyborg_pigeon2_2.jpg
@TransformSoc
Man, Lord of Animals?
@TransformSoc,
Helping Animals – or Using Them?
h.p://blogs.plos.or
g/wonderland/files/
2012/05/2010_03_1
4_motalaBwithBadjustedB
prosthesis.jpg,
,Decision(m
aking:,
,• Empathy,
• PrioriIes,
• Efficiency,
• Investment,
• Ethics,• …,,,…,,,?,
,
@TransformSoc,
Cyborg insects – or Mini-Drones?
h.p://media5cache5ec0.pinimg.com/236x/50/a8/0f/50a80fa568c94337a92083aa09133fc3.jpg,
,Security)and)Privacy:,,• FuncFons,• Transparency,• GuaranFes,• AuthoriFes,• War,
• …,,,…,,,?,,
@TransformSoc
– Could bionic research, e.g. for depression, also be used as a psychotropic weapon?
– Who is responsible when a thought-‐controlled device causes unintended harm?
h@p://www.bluebadgestyle.com/wp-‐content/uploads/2013/10/th.jpg
@TransformSoc
CyberneWcs expert Kevin Warwick connected his nervous system to his wife's: When she moves her arm, he feels it in his brain
Ref: h@ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EaHh50PHN5M
Connecting to Others or Controlling Others?
@TransformSoc
Human Bionics More Freedom or Electronic Slavery
Rate on the following scale, where 1 is freedom, and 4 is slavery?
h@p://www.e-‐encuesta.com/answer?testId=Z+VP3Ua/O1w=
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4
Under 40 age group
All age groups
1.96
@TransformSoc
Real Worries, Real Paranoia, Real Lies
@TransformSoc h@p://dingo.care2.com/pictures/causes/3116/3115981.large.jpg
Human Bionics: Where is the power?
@TransformSoc
THANK YOU
Neus Email: neus@transformaWonsociety.net LinkedIn: Neus Lorenzo Slideshare: h@p://www.slideshare.net/TransformaWonSociety
2014 Web – TransformaJon Society: h@p://www.transformaWonsociety.net
Ray Email: ray@transformaWonsociety.net LinkedIn: Ray Gallon Google Plus: +Ray Gallon
Next Topic: “Digital Learning – Individual AdapWve ConstrucWon or Connected Social InteracWon?” Blog/survey published: 13 November 2014 Webinar: 4 December 2014
Twi\er: @Transformsoc
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