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KINGDOM FUNGI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dj9m7Oc36wM
OBJECTIVES:
SWBAT summarize the characteristics of Kingdom Fungi
SWBAT summarize the process of mitosis and describe other methods of reproduction in fungi.
SWBAT describe how organisms in this group obtain nutrients
SWBAT differentiate between the four major groups of Kingdom Fungi
FUNGI FACTS No direct relationship with
plants Main decomposers (release
_______ into the atmosphere and ______________ into soil(decomposers break down dead material using ENZYMES)
Form MUTUALISTIC relationships with plant-like protist, algae, in Phylum Chlorophyta. This symbiotic relationship is called LICHEN.
Yeasts produce ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as a by product of FERMENTATION.
KINGDOM FUNGI CHARACTERISTICS1. Eukaryotic Cells: contain double-
membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic cell of fungi is less
complex than the eukaryotic cell of
animals.
KINGDOM FUNGI CHARACTERISTICS2. Unicellular and multicellular organisms
They do NOT form tissues or organs; they
form hyphae.
KINGDOM FUNGI CHARACTERISTICS6. Cells have a cell wall (like plants) but
it contains chitin (like animals!), not cellulose
HOW FUNGI EAT (HETEROTROPHIC) Saprophytic: recycle nutrients
from dying or dead matter back into food webs.
Parasitic: absorb nutrients from living cells.
Mutualistic: relationship with algae and plants (lichens).
REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI
1. Mitosis: asexual reproduction in which one parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI
Mitosis http://www
.youtube.com/watch?v=VlN7K1-9QB0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPG6480RQo0&feature=related
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXVoTj06zwg&noredirect=1
REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI
2. Budding: asexual reproduction in which the new cell develops while attached to the parent cell. Example: unicellular yeast
REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI
3. Fragmentation: asexual reproduction that occurs when the mycelium of a fungus is broken off or fragmented.
REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI
4. Spore Reproduction: asexual and sexual life cycles of most fungi include production of spores. Spores: a reproductive haploid cell with a hard
outer shell that develops into a new organism without the fusion of gametes.
STRUCTURE OF FUNGI: FILAMENTOUS
The body of fungi is made of a structure known as mycelium.
Mycelium is a network of filaments called hyphae. Hyphae: thread-
like filaments made of long chains of cells
FUNGI CLASSIFICATION
DIVISION ZYGOMYCOTA (Zygote Fungi): Soil and dung molds, black bread molds
DIVISION ASCOMYCOTA (Sac Fungi): wood decaying fungi, morels, truffles, mildews, molds, yeasts
DIVISION BASIDIOMYCOTA (Club Fungi): mushrooms, stinkhorns, puffballs, shelf and coral fungi, rusts, smuts
DIVISION DEUTEROMYCOTA (Imperfect Fungi): Athlete’s foot, ringworm, candidiasis
DIVISON ZYGOMYCOTA
Asexual reproduction: spores with round cases in sporangia at the tips of hyphae.
Sexual reproduction: occurs when opposite mating hyphae grow towards one another and make contact
DIVISON ZYGOMYCOTA
Live off plant and animal remains in the soil (or our kitchens!)
Incomplete septae between cells
Zygomycota species on an orange
DIVISION ASCOMYCOTA (SAC FUNGI)
Cup-type fungi which use this cup to form spores for asexual reproduction
Spores in protective sac-like structures called ascus.
Partially divided cell walls Yeasts: unicellular
fermentors – help make bread, wine, beer
Fermentation produces alcohol and CO2
DIVISION BASIDIOMYCOTA Reproduce sexually:
hyphae from two mating types meet- Cellular fluid is swapped- Mushroom produced which releases spores
Spores are in a club-like structure called a basidium.
Complete septa (cell wall)
FUNGI ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
1) Decomposition: break down of organic matter
2) Nutrient Recycling: nitrogen is available for plants and therefore consumers
3) Mycorrhizal: symbiotic relationships with plants (both plant and fungus benefit)
4) Parasites: only fungus benefits, host organism is harmed
5) Lichen: symbiotic relationship with algae; benefits protist and fungus
DECOMPOSITION
Fungi and other microorganisms decay wood by releasing enzymes that "digest" specific wood components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
The products of this decay are then absorbed as food.
NUTRIENT RECYCLING
NITROGEN AND CARBON ARE CYCLED FROM DECAYING ORGANISMS TO BE USED BY PRODUCERS AND THEN CONSUMERS
MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS
Symbiotic relationship with most plants (beneficial)
Fungus provides inorganic nutrients to plant
Plants provide fungus with organic nutrients from photosynthesis (food)
LICHEN Symbiotic
relationship beneficial to fungi and protist
Fungi provides protection, structure and inorganic nutrients for algae
Protist (Chlorophyta: green algae) provide organic nutrients through photosynthesis (food)
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