how to make dirty rivers, lakes and seas clean and fresh
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Nualgi, a revolutionary solution for cleaning polluted water bodies
4/25/2013 1 info@nanolandglobal.com
Dr. Didier Kane didier.kane@nanolandglobal.com Mr Dermott Reilly dermott.reilly@nanolandglobal.com +44 20 3287 9234
Agricultural Agricultural & &
Farm RunoffFarm Runoff
Urban Waste Urban Waste WaterWater
SedimentSediment RefluxReflux
NLG D K
Rain Spill
NLG
Eutrophication
Our lakes and rivers are organically polluted Our lakes and rivers are organically polluted by many sources of human activityby many sources of human activity
4/25/2013 2 info@nanolandglobal.com
Disturbing facts about water pollution
• Water pollution is one of the biggest global killers, affecting over 100 million people. That’s comparable to global diseases like malaria and HIV. • Approximately 46% of the lakes in America are too polluted for fishing, aquatic life, or swimming. • The Mississippi River carries an estimated 1.5 million metric tons of nitrogen and 0.5 million metric tons of phosphorus pollution into the Gulf of Mexico each year, creating a “dead zone” in the Gulf each summer about the size of New Jersey. • Each year 1.2 trillion gallons of sewage, storm water, and industrial waste are dumped into U.S. water. • Every day, 2 million tons of human waste are disposed of in water courses.
Source: EPA, WWAP, BlackSmith Institute 4/25/2013 3 info@nanolandglobal.com
What do pollutants do to our lakes?
Cyanobacteria algae decay
2
1
3 Bacteria
Deplete Oxygen
4 Fish die by
lack of oxygen
5
Dead fish creates more cytobacterial
algal bloom
6
nualgi@nanolandglobal.com nualgi@nanolandglobal.com
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The vicious circle of eutrophication Excess nutrients (N, P, etc.) from
wastewater, fertilizers, etc,
Excess nutrients (N, P, etc.) from
wastewater, fertilizers, etc,
Exponential growth of
cyanobacteria
Exponential growth of
cyanobacteria
Short-lived cyanobacteria
decays
Short-lived cyanobacteria
decays
Organic decay consumes
oxygen
Organic decay consumes
oxygen
Oxygen-deprived fish die and
become organic sediments
Oxygen-deprived fish die and
become organic sediments
Decay of organic sediments feeds bacteria growth
Decay of organic sediments feeds bacteria growth
N & P sediment and remain
present in lake
N & P sediment and remain
present in lake
4/25/2013 5 info@nanolandglobal.com
Preventing eutrophication
Excess nutrients (N, P, etc.) from
wastewater, fertilizers, etc,
Excess nutrients (N, P, etc.) from
wastewater, fertilizers, etc,
Exponential growth of
cyanobacteria
Short-lived cyanobacteria
decays
Organic decay consumes
oxygen
Oxygen-deprived fish die and
become organic sediments
Decay of organic sediments feeds bacteria growth
N & P sediment
and remain present in lake
XX BMP - Best Management
Practices
Nutrient removal from sewage
4/25/2013 6 info@nanolandglobal.com
Reversing eutrophication Excess nutrients (N, P, etc.) from
wastewater, fertilizers, etc,
Excess nutrients (N, P, etc.) from
wastewater, fertilizers, etc,
Exponential growth of
cyanobacteria
Short-lived cyanobacteria
decays
Organic decay consumes
oxygen
Oxygen-deprived fish die and
become organic sediments
Decay of organic sediments feeds bacteria growth
N& P sediment
and remain present in lake
Phosphorus Inactivation using Alum
Dilution and Flushing
P and N absorption by diatom algae
XX
4/25/2013 7 info@nanolandglobal.com
Reversing eutrophication
Excess nutrients (N, P, etc.) from
wastewater, fertilizers, etc,
Exponential growth of cyanobacteria
Exponential growth of cyanobacteria
Short-lived cyanobacteria
decays
Organic decay consumes
oxygen
Oxygen-deprived fish die and
become organic sediments
Decay of organic sediments feeds bacteria growth
N & P sediment
and remain present in lake
Diatoms are consumed by fish and do not require harvesting
Algaecides
XX
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Algae Harvesting
Reversing eutrophication Excess nutrients (N, P, etc.) from
wastewater, fertilizers, etc,
Exponential growth of
cyanobacteria
Short-lived cyanobacteria
decays
Organic decay consumes oxygen
Organic decay consumes oxygen
Oxygen-deprived fish die and
become organic sediments
Decay of organic sediments feeds bacteria growth
N& P sediment
and remain present in lake
Oxygen release by diatom algae
(photosynthesis)
Hypolimneticoxygenation
Artificial circulation (aeration)
XX
4/25/2013 9 info@nanolandglobal.com
Reversing eutrophication
Excess nutrients (N, P, etc.) from
wastewater, fertilizers, etc,
Exponential growth of
cyanobacteria
Short-lived cyanobacteria
decays
Organic decay consumes
oxygen
Oxygen-deprived fish die and become organic sediments
Oxygen-deprived fish die and become organic sediments
Decay of organic sediments feeds bacteria growth
N & P sediment
and remain present in lake
Populate lake with Hypoxia-tolerant fish
XX
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Diatoms help native fish survive
Reversing eutrophication
Excess nutrients (N, P, etc.) from
wastewater, fertilizers, etc,
Exponential growth of
cyanobacteria
Short-lived cyanobacteria
decays
Organic decay consumes
oxygen
Oxygen-deprived fish die and
become organic sediments
Decay of organic sediments feeds bacteria growth
Decay of organic sediments feeds bacteria growth
N & P sediment and remain
present in lake
Dredging
Consumption of organic sediments by
diatom algae
XX
4/25/2013 11 info@nanolandglobal.com
Restoration method
Ease of use
effectiveness Environmental
impact Initial cost
Maintenance cost
Overall score
Bio-acceleration (diatom algae)
Phosphorus Inactivation
(Alum)
Flushing (Nutrients dilution)
Algae harvesting
Algaecides
Hypolimnetic oxygenation
Aeration
Bio-manipulation
Dredging
Restoration methods comparison
4/25/2013 12 info@nanolandglobal.com
Most effective Restoration method: Bio-acceleration
What are diatoms ?
• Diatoms are photosynthesizing algae • They come in many different shapes • They are commonly between 20-200 microns in diameter or length • The cell wall is composed, for the most part, of silica (SiO2)
N + P+
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Bio-restoration: the most effective way to clean a lake
Cyanobacteria Algae dies by lack of nutrients
2
1
4 Diatoms
provide oxygen to aerobic bacteria
5
7
nualgi@nanolandglobal.com
Aerobic bacteria
breakdown nutrients and
organic matters
aerobic bacteria transform nutrients into zooplankton
Fish feed on zooplankton
8 3 Brokendown nutrients are consumed by diatoms
6 Zooplankton
consume diatoms
4/25/2013 14 info@nanolandglobal.com
Most effective way to grow diatoms
+ Diatom
Silica
Iron
Manganese
Zinc
Other minerals
+
Necessary nutrients (*)
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
Excess nutrients
+
Nature
Sunlight
Water
CO2
= = X + (*) NUALGI provides all these nutrients
4/25/2013 15 info@nanolandglobal.com
How to provide the right amount of nutrients ?
• Nutrient uptake kinetics for photosynthetic algae, including diatoms is a function of numerous variables (e.g., amount of sunlight, concentration in P and N, temperature, etc.) • The cell wall of diatoms is constructed by silica deposition vesicles (SDV) with membranes called silicalemmas. • Without the proper amount, size and geometry of silicate, diatom cells cannot divide, and its capacity to perform energy producing processes (photosynthesis and glycolysis) are diminished • The already very small (micron-scale) diatoms have tiny portules and chloroplasts in their cell walls where micronutrients are absorbed and photosynthesis takes place. • Nutrients have to be available in nanoscale geometries to be easily absorbed through these portules.
4/25/2013 16 info@nanolandglobal.com
A revolutionary nanotechnology-based solution !!
• Scientists at Nualgi Nanobiotech have developed a
revolutionary solution for diatom regeneration : NUALGI • This patented technology, based on the latest nanotechnology manufacturing methods and years of algal micro-nutrition research, provides an optimum blend of micronutrients on a nano-silica base.
• The incredibly effective NUALGI provides 10 micro-nutrients with an optimum concentration ratio and nano-size distribution to accelerate diatom regeneration
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An extraordinarily effective solution : NUALGI
Initial state before NUALGI One week after NUALGI application
Invasive cyanobacteria (Blue-Green
Algae or BGA) throughout
water column
Increasing diatom population on lake bottom, providing Oxygen to aerobic bacteria
Cleaned water
throughout water
column
Decreasing BGA
population localized near the surface
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Before Nualgi treatment After Nualgi treatment
In 6-8 hours, DO increased to 2- 2.5 mg /l and in 4 days DO shot up to 5-10 mg/l.
Example of Nualgi use: Vengayankere lake in Bangalore, India
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Some projects where NUALGI has restored lakes
• Madivala Lake, Koramangala, Bangalore, India • Croton-on-Hudson duck-pond, New York, USA • Ulsoor lake and Puttenahalli lake, India
Some projects where NUALGI is being evaluated
• Lagoon clams farming project in Micronesia • Newport harbor, California, USA
4/25/2013 20 info@nanolandglobal.com
Agricultural Agricultural & &
Farm RunoffFarm Runoff
Urban Waste Urban Waste WaterWater
SedimentSediment RefluxReflux
DK DK
D K
Rain Spill
DK
With NUALGI
Our lakes and rivers are polluted by many Our lakes and rivers are polluted by many sources of human activitysources of human activity
DK
4/25/2013 21 info@nanolandglobal.com
Other advantages of using NUALGI
• The most eco-friendly restoration method
• Low cost (after initial treatment of 1 liter per acre per week for 2 weeks, a half liter per acre per week for 4 to 6 weeks is usually enough
• NUALGI can be used in a broad variety of applications: • Fish farming • Sewage treatment • Lakes and streams restoration • Aquariums • Biodiesel • Agriculture and horticulture (in spray form)
4/25/2013 22 info@nanolandglobal.com
Thanks to nanotechnology combined with algal nutrition science, the future of water
bodies restoration is now.
Please contact us for more information or to setup a trial of NUALGI
info@nanolandglobal.com +44 20 3287 9234
7 Bath Place LONDON EC2A3DR
UK
4/25/2013 23 info@nanolandglobal.com
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