how to improve productivity and reduce aflatoxin
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www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
How to Improve Productivity and Reduce
Aflatoxin Joseph Atehnkeng
(For the aflasafe Team
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium
During Production
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
• Make a plan of what crop to produce
• Where and how to acquire land • Buy
• Rent
• location
• Quantity of land
• Input required
• Certified seeds / seed rate
• Source of finance
• Aflatoxin testing facility
• Premium marketing
PLanning
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Good Agronomic Practices
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Consult Your Extension Agent
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Consult Your Extension Agent
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Timely weeding
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Control Stem borer
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Fertilizer Application
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Consult Your Extension Agent
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Apply Aflasafe
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013 12 12
Aflasafe adoption by farmers
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Pre and post harvest factor(s) that initiate toxin formation
• Pre harvest
– water stress - high-temperature stress (drought)
– insect damage of the host plant, - poor fertility
– high crop densities and - weed competition
• Post Harvest
- If drying is delayed - high moisture and
- warm temperatures - Damage by insect or rats
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Lodging
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Drying Maize and Aflatoxin Content
• < 17% grain moisture after 72h from
harvest, significantly high aflatoxin risk
• Rapidly dry the grain down to 13.5%
moisture content and store the seeds.
• Drying on black plastic sheets or cemented dry areas lead to safe moisture levels after approx. 5 days while drying maize cobs in ground needs minimum 10 days.
• Mycotoxigenic fungi at high levels when
drying on stalk or ground
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Avoid contact with Water
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Proper and improper heaping
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Harvesting
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Improper drying methods
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Control Insect During Storage
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Sort Cobs Before Storage
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Infested Maize Cobs
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 –12 July - 2013
Contaminated cobs/grains
Aspergillus in maize Penicillium in
maize
Aspergillus in
groundnut
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Storage
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Drying of Maize
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Drying Maize
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Safe Moisture Content
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Safe Moisture Content
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Explaining aflatoxin to farmers
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Avoid Drying Crop on Bare ground
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 11 – 12 July - 2013
Incentives to Farmers
• Aflatoxin management practices not only minimizes the contamination, but also contributes to increased yields
• Fetches higher remuneration
• Safe to eat “aflatoxin” free food
• Potential for direct buying by export oriented industries – higher dividend
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium Date: 02 – May - 2013
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