how does change happen? new ideas from neuroscience
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Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
1
How does change happen?
New ideas from
Neuroscience
Sydney, July 28/29th, 2010
Rainer Schwing
Diplom-Psychologe
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
2
1. Neuroscience:
a quarry and lots of visitors
2. Biology of change
! Neurobiological suggestions for change work
! Charming triads:
Systemic therapy, Marte Meo, and Neurobiology
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
3
Neurobiological research:
a quarry and lots of visitors
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
4
Early experiences
(e.g. traumatical ones)
are resistant to change
Amygdala Roth (2005)
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
5
conditioning
Integration
of synchronised activation patterns
„Cells that fire together wire together“
(Hebb 1949)
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
6
Ice cream
activates structures of
orbitofrontal cortex and the
reward system (left PFC),
! positive mood.
……. Stronger than chocolateBauer, University Vienna (2006)
study was financed by Unilever: Eskimo
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
7
Pepsi activates the
Left ventromedial prefrontalen Cortex
stronger than Coca Cola. (McClure u.a. 2004)
As long as you don‘t know
what you‘re drinking
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
8
Add some neurobiological explanations
that will impress your listeners
and help over some weak spots of your story. (Weisberg u.a. 2008, Yale University)
But: we can use this positively!
First practical hint
If you have to tell or sell something ......
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
9
Historical example: emergence of mechanistic models
Industrial revolution
Mass production
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
10
Machine fascination
coined mechanistic models of human individuals & organizations
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
11
reminder:
Some neurobiologists
„out of too much hermeneutical tenderness,
too much love to their research area“
make somewhat daring conclusions. (Krüger 2007)
A useful systemic stance:
you can fall in love with your hypothesis,
take her out for dinner,
but never marry her!
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
12
1. Neuroscience:
a quarry and lots of visitors
2. Biology of change
! Neurobiological suggestions for change work
! Charming triads:
Systemic therapy, Marte Meo, and Neurobiology
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
13
Wisdom of the Talmud: neuro plasticity
Watch your thoughts, they will be your words.
Watch your words; they will be your actions.
Watch your actions; they will be your habits.
Watch your habits: they will shape your destiny.
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
14
Long term potentiation
Repetetive synaptic activation(sec – min)
! Stabilizes synaptic connection (NMDA-receptors)
! Enhanced reactivity (post-synaptic)
! Enhanced transmitter production(pre-synaptic)
! After one or more minutes: growth of additional synapses
learning and change:
Neuroplasticity
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
15
! Responsiveness of Synapses: long term potentiation
! new synapses
! new dendrites
! new neuronsadult neurogenesis e.g. in hippocampus
! neuronal circuits
learning and change:
Neuroplasticity
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
16
! Experience:
" Lady that goes blind
" taxi driver in London
" kids and their thumbs
! Time:
" 5 days: practicing pianofinger area in motor cortex grows (2-3X)
" 5 days: blindfolded volunteers learning Braillevisual cortex processes tactile and auditory input (Alvaro Pascual Leone)
" 6 months: a brain region changes
learning and change:
Neuroplasticity
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
17
Stop old patterns
Make new experiences
Repeat them often
Facilitating change
Attentionacetylcholine
Emotione.g. dopamine,
norepinephrine
Autonomy
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
18
! Attention: Merzenichs monkeys tapping (Michael Merzenich, Univ. of Cal. 1996)
! Autonomy: Gage‘s mice running (Fred Gage, Salk Institute, La Jolla 2004)
! Emotion: Meaney‘s rats licking (Michael Meaney, McGill Univ. Montreal, 1989 -2006)
" Less stress reactions, better learners more cortisole receptorschange in gene expression (DNA: transcription factors)
" Offspring: better parenting (oxytocin, vasopressin)
! The best predictor of child growth:Mother‘s yes to „Did you want this child?“
learning and change:
Neuroplasticity
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
19
Jaak Panksepp:
emotional systems
! SEEKING curiosity / exploration
! PLAY rough and tumble play/ joy
! FEAR anxiety/ anticipate and deal with threats
! RAGE dominance / assertion
! LUST lust, sexuality
! CARE love / bonding
! PANIC /GRIEF separation distress
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
20
! FEAR
Ledoux 1996
High road – low road
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
21
! LOVE / CARE
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
22
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Bartels & Zeki 2003University College of London
! LOVE / CARE
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
23
Loving care
influences
body
functions
Hofer 1996:
Rat puppies
Seperated from
their mothers
Love is a biological need
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
24
1. Holding Hands attenuates neural responses to threat and
arousal (Coan et.al. 2006)
especially if received from spouses with good relationship
• Talking to the mother reduces stress (cortisol, increased oxytocin)
(Seltzer 2010)
•
(Seltzer 2010 University of Wisconsin-Madison)
Love is a biological need
no contact
Phone talkPhysical contact
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
25
That holds also true for employees: managerial support and
encouragement reduces burnout, diseases and sickleave (Hanebuth u.a. 2010, Bertelsmann Stiftung)
back to couples: those who feel loved by their spouses
• have less coronary heart disease - symptoms
• develop only 1/3 of duodenal ulcers
• survive mammal carcinoma better (up to 50%)
• have less infections, stomach / intestinal diseases, less
pain problems, and: flesh wounds healed twice as fast!
Love is a biological need
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
26
Men:
smoking, hypertension and stress? No problem!
Don‘t worry, if your wife loves you (and you notice it!)
Women:
Don‘t worry, if your man loves you
(and can show it, and you know it!)
You‘ll stay healthier; and if serious illness should get you,
you‘ll survive much more likely
Love is a biological need
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
27
play
!Link to Jaak Panksepp’s movie about play:
!http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=3KanfLqKXYg
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
28
! „profound desire of animals to interact with each other in
energetic, playful ways.....
! ......rough-and-tumble play as the foundational process for many
other social skills“ (Panksepp 2005)
! Yet little research; subcortical: thalamic nuclei, PAG, cerebellum
strong projections into cortex
! play– tickle– laugh: animals do this, too
! Positive-joyful emotions enhance concentration and creativity
(e.g. Isen 2000, Cornell University)
! PLAY / JOYrough and tumble play
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
29
! SEEKING curious, foraging, exploring
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
30
Ventral tegmental area
Prefrontal cortex
Nucleus accumbens
(Aus Spitzer 2007)
! SEEKING curious, foraging, exploring
Building Relationships:
Neurobiology of change
Rainer Schwing . www.praxis-institut.de
31
! Activating these three systemsenhances therapeutic effect
! CAREbonding, trustful relationship
! stabilizing, prerequisite for change
! SEEKINGcuriosity, novelty, exploring
! motivational priming, seeking solutions
! PLAYjoy , humour
! creativity, acivates new circuits
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