how computer work

How Computer work

•Human heads.•Machine TV.•What is compute

Human heads.

• inside many heads,  there are two kinds of knowledge; the memory work kind of knowledge and the logical kind of knowledge.  

Module 1 - Basic Concepts of IT

• Hardware

• Software

• Information TechnologyPeople working with computer often refer to their job as (working in IT)

• Types Of ComputerMainframe-Personal Computer-MAC-Network Computers-Laptop

/Notebook/Palmtop-Personal Digital Assistance (PAD)

Main Parts Of Personal Computer

• The System Unit• Mother Board• The CPU Central Processing Unit• Memory

RAM ROM (BIOS)

Responsible for coping operating system software in to ram When computer is switched on.

• Serial port• Parallel Port• Universal Serial Bus USB

Turn on your computer

Inside your home

• Input and OutputInput is the flow from you to the device.

Output is the flow of information to you.

• Types of memory– ROM– RAM

– R/W

Central Processing Unit

Arithmetic Operations

Logic Operations

ALUArithmetic Logic Unit

Arithmetic Operations

Logic OperationsOR AND

Memory

• RAM – Random Access Memory

• ROM – Read Only Memory

• BIOS : Basic Input Output System

• R/W memory– Drives : HDD, CD Drive, Flash Memory …etc.

Read Only MemoryBut Microsoft describes it as I/O device

Hard drives

• Hard disk driveMagnetic recording

• Compact diskLight Reflection

• Flash memoryElectronic switches

(Transistors)

• Disk Format

Video Memory Chip

The International System of Units

BIT Binary Information Technology

Byte Binary Yoked Transfer Element

Kilobyte 1000 byte

Megabyte

Gigabyte

Terabyte……??

Computer Performance

• CPU clock speed• RAM size• The number of application running• Free Hard Disk space• De-Fragmenting

Computer Devices I/P devices ,O/P devices & I/O devices

• The mouse • The keyboard• CD Drive• DVD Drive• Floppy Disk• Hard Disk• The Monitor• Sound Card• Speaker • Modems• Printers• Scanners

Keyboard Typewriter

The invention of the modern computer keyboard began with the invention of

the typewriter

scanner

•Scan picture •Scan text

OCR Optical Character Recognition

Monitor

Screen sizeGraphics for games

Projection

Audio taps

• Each one of the songs represents a file.• Each song file has a title,  a length and a location. • It is a file of audio information that can be

understood and turned into music by stereo player.• we classify songs as rock,  classic ,pop and so on.

Files

• Each computer file has a title,  a length and a location.

• We cannot make use of the contents of a computer file without :– A computer.– Program to understand this file.

• We classify computer files as graphics files,  text files ,picture files and so on.

Computer FilesName What's inside

. *com A program

. *exe A program

bat. * A program

txt. * Text

GIF-JPG-JPEG-PNG-BMP

Graphical information

htm. * Textual information

*.mp3 `Audio information

flv,mpg,asf,rmvb Video information

Directories (folders)

c\ program filesC:\Documents and Settings\saw\My Documents

Records

Database

Field (1)Field (1)Field (1)Field (1)

Data Data Data Data

Data Data Data Data

Record

Printers

• Types– Laser printer– Color laser printer

• High quality -fast -high cost

– Inkjet printer• (Spray) High quality-quiet

– Dot matrix printer• High volume -low quality-noisy

– Plotters

• Printer memory

Input/output devices

• Hard disk– Very fast – high capacity – cheap.

• CD– Much slower than hard disk-capacity around 650MB-

inexpensive.

• DVD– Much faster than CD – up to 17 GB-cost higher than

CD.

• External hard disk– Normal speed – high capacity-expensive.

Operating System (OS)DOS

Win 3.1

Win 95

WIN 98

WIN 2000

WIN ME

WIN XP

WIN VISTA

WIN 7

GUI• Advantages of GUI

– Easy to use.– Application program work in the same way.– Allow programmers to write software.

Application program

– Word– Excel– Access– Power point– Accounts (repetitive operations) – Web browsing– Web authoring (Front page)

System development cycle

Network

• LAN – Local area network

• WAN– Wide area network (the hole world)

Local Area Network (LAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Clint- Server

Resources in the server

Workgroup Groups Of People are work together

Sharing information & special kind of devices

Workgroup Network

Disadvantages of work group1- sharing too many files may result slow down your computer2-Weak security system3-with full access permission you may lose your data

Advantages of work group1- No need for a network administrator2-Less chance of major distribution3-Cost saving

Internet & Extranet

• An internet -uses internet technology for connecting individuals such as

people in organization with each other and let them search for data or sending mails.

-Main program on server and single software on each individual computer.-This computers connected together using communication equipment.-It was in US military.

• Extranet like an internet but it's allow outside people gainlimited access to information held on a companynetwork.

The Internet

• Global network for interconnected network• Huge amount of information• Easy way for publishing materials

World Wide Web & Internet

• The internet relates to all hardware & software involved FTP (file transfer protocol).

• World Wide Web is a part of internet, simply it’s the text and pictures you view using your web browser

Internet World Wide Web

• PSTNPublic switched Telephone NetworkTraditional copper weir technology Transmit analog voice

• PSDNPublic switched data network

• ICDNIntegrated Service Digital NetworkMuch faster than modems

Telephone Network

Public switched Telephone Network

Public switched data network

Integrated Service Digital Network

Integrated service digital network

• ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

– Much faster• Receive at speed of 0.5 to 8 MBPS

– Down stream

• Send at speed of 16 to 640 KBPS– Up stream

• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

Digital VS Analogue

Modems

• Modulate Demodulate– Converting data at the end which can used by the

reviving computer.

• Bound Rate– How fast a modem can send data

IT In Our Life• Repetitive tasks• Easily automated tasks• Mathematical calculations• Dangerous situations• Doctor ,Money, creation• Recognize elements

– Computer just have photographic image

Uses of Computer

• Government• Business • Tele working

– People are connected to the rest of organizations via network.

• Education– Internet as knowledge resource– Distance learning

Electronic World

• E-Mail (Electronic Mail )

– Allows people to send data (text, pictures,…etc).

– Its required both computers connected to the internet.

• E-Commerce – Buying or selling via the internet.

• E-Banking– Manage your money online instead of having to go to local bank

branch.

– You can pay your pills ,move your money from one place to another.

Moony 2099

Health & Safety• Chair• Screen • Keyboard

Security

• Information secularity.• Password.

Things computer like

• Good ventilation.• Clean environment.• Stable, vibration free surface.

Translation

END Of Session One

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