household and family resources
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Household and family resources
Emily Grundy, LSHTM.
Household and family resources
Background Major changes in the living arrangements of older
people and large declines in intergenerational co-residence.
Implications for support services needed for older people with disabilities, demands for housing of various types and household durables and consumables.
Also implications for well-being of older people The Madrid Plan of Action adopted at the Second
World Assembly on Ageing in 2002 called for research on the advantages and disadvantages of different living arrangements for older people.
Proportion (%) of elderly men and women living in households with two or more generations, England and Wales, 1971 and 2001(private household population).
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
65-9 70-4 75-9 80-4 85+
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
65-9 70-4 75-9 80-4 85+
1971 2001
Men Women
Source: Analysis of ONS LS data.
Household and family resources
Questions What factors influence household patterns of older
people are how are these likely to change? Do family and household resources (numbers of close
relatives; living arrangements) influence social participation, health and well-being?
Overall aim To improve our understanding of the determinants
household type and household transitions (and, in other work packages, use this in projections,) and improve our understanding of the implications of household, family and broader social support for well-being and receipt of help.
Household and family resources
Data and methods
1) Analysis of demographic and other determinants of household type and household type transitions using the Office for national Statistics Longitudinal Study
2) Analysis of links between family availability, family contacts and contacts with friends and overall social participation using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.
All analyses to examine socio-economic differentials and associations with indicators of health.
Household and family resources: Analyses based on ONS LS1) Cross sequential analyses of ONS LS to illuminate
trends and variations in intergenerational co-residence and proportions moving to live with relatives or to institutional care
2) More detailed analysis of household transitions 1991-2001 in ONS LS.
The ONS Longitudinal Study of England & Wales
Census data for individuals with one of four birthdates enumerated at the 1971 Census (c. 1% of population)
Maintained through addition of immigrants and new births with LS birth date
Information from later censuses (1981, 91 & 2001) added
Linked event data including death of the spouse of sample members and deaths of sample members.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
Birth ofChild
Birth ofChild Census Emigration Re-entry
Death ofSpouse Census Cancer Death
Proportion (%) of people aged 65 and over who changed family/household type between censuses; 1971-81; 1981-91; 1991-2001 by age and family/household type at start of decade
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
So
lita
ry
MC
on
ly
MC
+
LP
+o
the
rs
Co
mp
lex
All
So
lita
ry
MC
on
ly
MC
+
LP
+o
the
rs
Co
mp
lex
All
65-74 75+
Age and family/household type at start of decade
Pe
rce
nt
71-81
81-91
91-01
Source: Analysis of ONS LS data (earlier decades from Glaser & Grundy 1998)
Proportion (%) of people aged 65 and over who remained at same address & in same family/household type at succeeding censuses; 1971-81; 1981-91; 1991-2001 by age and family/household type at start of decade
Source: Analysis of ONS LS data (earlier decades from Glaser & Grundy 1998)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100S
olit
ary
MC
on
ly
MC
+
LP
+o
the
rs
Co
mp
lex
All
So
lita
ry
MC
on
ly
MC
+
LP
+o
the
rs
Co
mp
lex
All
65-74 75+
Age and family/household type at start of decade
Pe
rce
nt
71-81
81-91
91-01
% of women aged 65+ in 1991 in a communal establishment by 2001 and odds of transition to a communal establishment by parity.
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 1 2 3 4+
Parity (no. of births)
Od
ds
of
entr
y to
co
mm
un
al e
stab
lish
men
t
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 1 2 3 4+
Parity (no. of births)
%
Odds ratios (95% CI) % changing from private household in 1991 to communal establishment by 2001
Source: Analysis of ONS Longitudinal Study data
controlling for age, marital status, household type in 1991, health indicators and housing tenure.
Results of logistic regression model of proportions making a transition from a private to an institutional household 1991-2001
OR 95% CI PAge 1.14 1.13-1.15 **
Gender (ref. male) 1.14 1.02-1.27 *
Marital status in 2001 (ref. married)
Never-married 5.92 4.84-7.24 **
Wid./div. 3.63 3.10-4.25 **
Tenure in 1991 (ref. owner)
Not owner 1.24 1.13-1.15 **
Long term illness in 2001 (ref none) 9.35 7.63-11.46 **
Long term illness in 1991 (ref none) 1.26 1.14-1.38 **
Region in 1991 (ref South)
Central 0.93 0.81-1.05 NS
North 1.15 1.03-1.27 *
Wales 0.94 0.77-1.15 NS
*P<0.05; **P<0.001 Source: Analysis of ONS Longitudinal Study data
Household and family resources: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)
Two waves of data in 2002 and 2004 (third wave should be available within timescale of project)
Cross-sectional dataset of population aged 60+ in Wave One – 7146 people
Longitudinal dataset of population aged 60+ in Wave One and present at Wave Two – 5443 people
Odds from logistic regression of being depressed compared with those living with a
spouse only, people aged 60+ in England, ELSA 2002
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Spouse & others Alone Non-spouse others
Living arrangement
Od
ds
ra
tio
This model controlled for gender, age, smoking, wealth, housing tenure, contact with This model controlled for gender, age, smoking, wealth, housing tenure, contact with relatives, contact with friends, membership of social organisations and self-rated relatives, contact with friends, membership of social organisations and self-rated health statushealth status
ELSA
Coefficient from linear regression of loneliness compared with those living with a spouse only,
people aged 60+ in England, ELSA 2002-4
-0.5
0
0.5
1
Spouse & others Alone Non-spouse others
Living arrangement
Co
eff
icie
nt
This model controlled for gender, age, contact with relatives, contact with friends, membership of social organisations, health status at wave one, presence of depression at wave 1
ELSA
Household and family resources: timescale
Most primary analysis 2007-8 (12 months of R.A. available)
Interactive input projection models throughout.
Suggestions appreciated.
Odds of having poor self-rated health compared with those living with a spouse only, people aged
60+ in England, ELSA 2002
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Spouse & others Alone Non-spouse others
Living arrangement
Od
ds
ra
tio
This model controlled for gender, age, smoking, wealth, housing tenure, contact with This model controlled for gender, age, smoking, wealth, housing tenure, contact with relatives, contact with friends, membership of social organisations and self-rated relatives, contact with friends, membership of social organisations and self-rated health statushealth status
ELSA
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