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HOUSE TAXATION COMMITTEE ~lliETING MINUTES February 17, 1981
A meeting of the House Taxation Committee was held on Tuesday, February 17, 1981 at 8:00 a.m. in Room 102 of the State Capitol. All members were present except Reps. Brand and Harp, who were excused. HOUSE BILLS 292, 293, 633 and 787 were heard and EXECUTIVE ACTION was taken on HOUSE BILLS 521, 541, 591, 609, 648, 787, 633, and 511.
The first bill to be heard was HOUSE BILL 293, sponsored by Rep. Gay Holliday. She distributed some amendments; see Exhibit "A." Currently, some recreational land is being assessed as agricultural land, and the difference in assessment figures is significant. 30% of the productive capacity of the land is the basis of an agricultural assessment, and 8.55% of full market value is the basis of recreational assessment. This amendment is not intended to preclude those who deserve the agricultural designation; it is designed to close a loophole. If the land is to be used as agricultural, and the dwelling is occupied year-round, it will be considered agricultural.
Mike Stephen, ~1ontana Association of Counties, then rose in SUPPORT of the bill. This bill tightens up the current law. Numerous situations occur in which the actual purpose of the land cannot be determined; this bill ties the acreage down to less than 20 acres. Also, the percentages of income from the land are tightened up, and just what kind of situation would apply under this bill is clarified.
Roy McCaffree, Mussellshell County, said they feel a lot of their land which has been subdivided is not used as agricultural land, but is being claimed to be used in that way. Many demands have been placed on the local government from these areas receiving the tax hreak.
Hershel Robbins, from Mussellshell County, then rose in support of the bill, as amended.
Crenthe Toole, Montana Assessors' Association, then spoke, stating that the assessors have had a bad time under the present definition of agricultural land. It seems that those who appeal usually win in the Tax Appeals Board.
Ed McCaffree, Montana Association of Counties, then rose in support of the concept of the bill, but due to the vast acreage in the State, he wondered if there would be a possibility of having two sets of guidelines, possibly tied with the Eastern Congressional District or Gubernatorial District.
There were no OPPONENTS to HB 293. Questions were then asked. Rep. Holliday explained that the reason the bill had been amended down to 20 acres was because they were trying to be as reasonable as pos~i?le and acknowledge the areas where it would have been detrimental to hold the figure at 40 acres. \ Rep. Holliday then closed. The amendments do serve to strengthen the law. She quoted the Legislative intent of the Grain Belt Appraisal Statutes. The hearing on HB 293 was then closed.
HOUSE TAXATION COMMITTEE MEETING HINUTES February 17, 1981
Page 2
HOUSE BILL 292, sponsored by Rep. Norm Wallin, was then heard. Rep. Wallin submitted written testimony, and some amendments were proposed; see Exhibit "B."
Mr. Ed Eck, a Bozeman attorney, then rose in SUPPORT of the bill; see Exhibit "C."
Gary Langley, National Federation of Independent Business, then rose in support of the bill. He stated that he also spoke on behalf of Mons Teigen, Montana Stockgrowers Association and the Montana Cowbelles. 84% of the NFIB members responsing to a survey favor this bill. In addition, both the Stockgrowers and the Cowbelles have passed resolutions in favor of the bill.
Keith Anderson, Montana Taxpayers Association, then rose in support of the bill. 86% of their membership favors complete elimination of the Inheritance TAx. This amounts to tax reform which is badly overdue. The State surplus will cover this bill's fiscal impact. In the future this may not be the case, but this is one of the consequences of tax reform.
Tom Stoll, Inheritance Tax Division, Department of Revenue, then spoke up as an OPPONENT to HB 292. The Department doesn't think the loss of $5 million justifies the amount of relief granted. The greatest tax relief in effect is being given to the non-relatives. He also pointed out that on P. 1, line 8 of the bill, a section of the law is repealed which is the only place that permits administrative proceedings to eliminate the estate and if this law is repealed, people will have to go to the courts to have this done. He wanted a procedure drafted whereby the problems could be handled at the county level.
Questions were then asked. Rep. Dozier asked Mr. Eck a question about the examples in Exhibit "B." He wanted to know what the value of the estate in each of the brackets was. Mr. Eck said that couldn't be determined because the Inheritance Tax varies and it is impossible to look at the figure and give estate value. Mr. Stoll estimated that the estates would be large; possibly in the $1 million bracket. In response to a question from Rep. Sivertsen about loss of the Inheritance Tax as a reduction on Federal Income Taxes, he added that the Federal government was considering reducing the Federal Estate Tax.
Rep. Roth asked Mr. Stoll about his remark about the fact that most of the relief would be for non-relatives. He replied that when a tax is based on the relationship with the higher tax going to the most distant relationships, when the tax is removed, the relief is the greatest in that direction, also.
Rep. Asay suggested that the reference to statutes concerning transfer of title might be left out of the bill. Mr. Stoll replied that if this was done the Department of Revenue would then have the responsibility of handling the cases but not collecting the money. Rep. Nordtvedt pointed out that this section of the law was not being repealed in the
House Taxation Committee Meeting Minutes February 17, 1981
Page 3
bill; only amended. Mr. Stoll said that at any rate, the Department would have the job of handling these without any real reason to have them file.
Rep. Wallin stressed that the money involved in the inheritance tax had already been taxed under income taxes. Rep. Dozier submitted that often-times this was not the case; the deceased person had been able to avoid taxation. Rep. Wallin disagreed.
Rep. Wallin explained that the Senate Bill concerning the Inheritance tax dealt with lineal descendants while his bill removes the tax completely. He added that he wanted to take all descendants off because the person had already paid his taxes, and this was a form of double taxation. Rep. Williams expressed disagreement with the statement and added that it was not fair to society to start distributing to people who were not even in the State. Rep. Wallin said he thought it was the deceased person's right to give the money wherever he wanted it.
Rep. Dozier expressed concern regarding abuse of the bill.
Regarding the reference in the Fiscal Note that the Inheritance tax is volatile over time, Rep. Nordtvedt explained that if a very rich individual were to die revenue in the State might go up dramatically.
Mr. Stoll stated that if the exemption only applied to lineal descendants, the revenue loss would amount to about $2 million per year, or about half of the present bill's fiscal impact. The impact would gradually go up, and by 18 months it would be at the rate of $2 million.
Rep. Wallin then closed. Montana's share of the estate tax is not involved in this bill, this bill eliminates the inheritance tax. Had there been no Montana income tax, he would concede that the recipients could share their money, but this isn't the case. The inheritance tax in Montana is a form of double taxation and should be done away with. The hearing was then closed on HB 292.
HOUSE BILL 787, sponsored by Rep. Robert Anderson, was then heard. Rep. Nordtvedt explained that this bill involved a checkoff on the State Income Tax form concerning the Nongame Wildlife management. This will have joint hearings in both the Taxation and Fish and Game Committees. The Committee was asked to respond to the merits of the checkoff provision only, of the bill.
Rep. Anderson explained the bill. This bill would allow Montanans to voluntarily contribute to the State's Nongame Wildlife Program. This bill will fund a previous Legislative mandate. License fees and ammunition taxes have funded it so far. Prior to 1979 a study concerning how other States handled funding suggested a checkoff system. This would place a checkoff box on the State income tax forms which would enable people to contribute $2 - 10 to the Program; no money would
House Taxation Committee Meeting Minutes February 17, 1981
Page 4
be taken from the General Fund. The Nongame Advisory Council would also be set up under the bill. The Committee would report biennially to the Legislature on the utilization of the funds.
Jim Phelps, current President of the Montana Audubon Council, then rose in support of the bill; see written testimony Exhibit "D." He submitted a letter on behalf of the Montana Wildlife Society in support of the legislation. Also, he added that a telegram from the Southwestern Sportsmens' Association was in support of the measure.
A representative of the Billings Audubon Society then rose in support of the bill. Minimal income from previous sources of funding has been generated and the checkoff system would be a convenient way to provide for contributions.
Noel Rosetta, representing himself, then rose in support of the bill. He stated that, as a Colorado resident, he had used the checkoff, the procedure was simple, and he supported it.
Janet Ellis, on behalf of Bill Sternhagen, then spoke. She distributed sample tax forms from other States showing the checkoff; see Exhibit "E." The average taxpayer should find no difficulty in knowing the purpose of the checkoff and shouldn't have any trouble filling out the form. A copy of Mr. Sternhagen's testimony was submitted; see Exhibit "F."
Lloyd Duke, a lifetime rancher from Roberts, Montana, then spoke. He stated that they could use some help with their wildlife biologists. He pointed out that since he is not a hunter, he has had no vehicle by which to contribute to the Program.
Gene Allen, Administrator of the Wildlife Division of the Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, then spoke. The Administrator of the Department, Mr. Jim Flynn, had requested him to corne and support the bill. In 1973 the Department was mandated to conduct a Nongame Program and the funding had been inadequate. A checkoff has worked elsewhere and provides an opportunity for people who want to su~port this program.
Martha Hassell, Last Chance Audubon Society, then rose in support of the bill. There is a good deal of volunteer research and study in Montana represented by the booklet the Helena Society has put together; see Exhibit "G." She stressed that this sort of thing could be coordinated by proper funding. Recently in Iowa a checkoff was approved; it was called the "Chickadee Checkoff."
Larry Copenhaver, a member of the Missouri Breaks Audubon Society, then presented information on the checkoff system in other states. In the past three years, 9 - 12% of Colorado taxpayers have donated money, raising $650,000 in 1980. Other states have raised comparable sums.
Alfred Elwell, Prickly Pear Sportsmens' Association, then rose in
House Taxation Committee Meeting Minutes February 17, 1981
Page 5
support of the measure. In the six states that have this checkoff, the only problem so far has been that in Oregon the people wanted to give more than the checkoff provided for. No states have had any trouble with other groups trying to get a checkoff on the tax forms also. He pointed out that Federal funds might be coming soon, to help double State monies taken in.
Gary Baxter, Missoula Audubon Society, then spoke. He stated that he was also representing the University of Montana Chapter of the Audubon Society. He pointed out that the funding would be for a legal subdivision of State government and not a private group, and therefore it should not cause the latter to request a checkoff. As far as setting a precedent for other State agencies, in the five states he has contacted, none of them have had any Legislative action taken by any subdivisions of their State governments. In other words there isn't a trend in this direction.
There were no OPPONENTS to HB 787.
John Clark, Department of Revenue, then made some comments. Regarding the experience the State has had with a similar setup for campaign funding, he stated that the revenue to be generated under this bill might be comparable. Computer programs would have to be changed in the Dept., at some cost to them.
Questions were then asked. Rep. Devlin asked Mr. Allen how present funding was collected. He replied that a nongame certificate is sold for $5; however, the certificate wasn't convenient and collections were very low. It was probably more trouble than it was worth. Mr. Phelps added that they had to go to the Regional Headquarters to pay. Rep. Devlin wanted to know if there could have been more encouragement to purchase the certificates. He was told there could have been, but to make a trip from, for instance, Roundup to Billings would still have been an inconvenience.
Rep. Roth asked Mr. Anderson if this was the same bill that was introduced in 1979. He replied that the 1979 bill had been changed somewhat; the checkoff system is slightly different, and the Advisory Council is a change.
Rep. Roth wanted to know if the present funding could be maintained without the checkoff. Mr. Anderson replied that present funding comes from sportsmens' license fees and some sportsmen say that the people interested in non-consumptive uses are not sharing the burden. Rep. Roth commented that if the Audubon Society needed these funds, they might get national help. Mr. Anderson replied that the money was not for the Audubon Society but for that segment of the wildlife not being funded. Rep. Roth wanted to know if they had any particular programs in mind that needed funding. He replied that they did, but this would be gone into at the Fish and Game Committee hearing.
Rep. Dozier asked Mr. Allen if, given the economic crunch, he foresaw
House Taxation committee Meeting Minutes February 17, 1981
Page 6
having to eliminate a great part of the program presently being administered. He replied that that depended on what kind of budget they receive and whether or not they receive a fee increase. The worst scenario has them phasing out the program in the second year of the biennium.
Rep. Vinger then asked what the funding would be used for. Mr. Larry Thompson read off some of the ideas the Program could do; see written testimony Exhibit "H." Rep. Vinger expressed concern about development being shut down in the State because of nongame animal populations. Mr. Phelps said that nothing could be shut down as such, hecause nothing can be done without the consent of a land owner, on a nongame program. In response to a question from Rep. Switzer, Mr. Phelps said that predators weren't included with nongame animals.
Rep. Williams asked Mr. Anderson why they hadn't requested a General Fund appropriation as opposed to a checkoff. Mr. Anderson replied that currently, $44,000 has been put in the fund each year, and that is really only a token support for the Program. The checkoff might generate as much as $75,000, and there is a definite need for use of those funds. As far as going for a General Fund appropriation, that money might be wiped out and they feel the checkoff approach is more viable. Rep. Williams asked why they didn't go for an appropriation directly from the General Fund. Mr. Anderson replied that the idea behind the plan was that it was a voluntary plan.
Rep. Roth told Mr. Anderson that she felt the Council would just provide for another layer of bureaucracy. Mr. Anderson disagreed, stating that The Advisory Council would be comprised of five neutral members who would be providing very valuable service to keep the Program going as the Legislature had wanted it to. He expressed the feeling that the Board would provide good accountability. Rep. Roth asked if the Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks didn't have this as part of their duties. Mr. Anderson replied that as the act is currently written, it does, but it is only a token support to the Program.
Mr. Baxter, in response to Rep. Devlin, stated that it was a possibility that private organizations could request checkoffs, but in the other States which have a checkoff this has not happened.
Rep. Anderson then closed. This is not an Audubon Council being discussed. This act isn't new; it was established in 1973, and at present is only a token program. The nongame wildlife species are not a special interest. This program in the bill is a reasonable approach which has been used and tried in several other states and is effective. The hearing on HB 787 was then closed.
HOUSE BILL 633, sponsored by Rep. Steve Waldron, was then heard. All-terrain vehicles are taxed under Class 8 property, and realistically, nobody pays their taxes. Other States have gone to requiring that all-terrain vehicles use trails under a system; however, upon
House Taxation Conuni ttee :1eeting Minutes February 17, 1981
Page 7
close inspection of the bill, it doesn't do what he would like it to do. It would require some serious consideration on a number of amendments. He asked that the Conunittee table the bill, and added that he would address the matter in the next session of the Legislature. He requested that any people wishing to testify be allowed to.
There were no PROPON~NTS nor were there any OPPONENTS to HB 633. There were no questions. The hearing was closed.
The Conunittee then went into EXECUTIVE SESSION. The Chairman introduced a Conunittee bill which addressed HB 65; copies were distributed; see Exhibit "I." Rep. Roth moved that the Conunittee introduce the bill. Rep. Nordtvedt then explained the bill. It changes a section of the tax codes for qualifying for Class 7 property from I 1/4 mile increments to I mile. This will keep the Southwestern Phone Company in its former tax bracket, and won't allow any other companies to abuse the privilege. Rep. Williams seconded the motion to introduce the bill. Rep. Williams said that the Subconunittee on this bill had decided against creating a separate classification. The Department of Revenue supposedly has researched this and sees no problems with it. Also, it might help future companies that might fall into a similar trap as the Southwestern Phone Company has.
The question was then called for; motion carried unanimously. Rep. Williams agreed to carry the bill.
It was then moved that HB 633 be tabled; motion carried unanimously.
Rep. Devlin then moved that HOUSE BILL 787 DO NO':!:' PASS. A precedent would be set for checkoffs on income tax forms. Also, the Council would be set up, which would cost money, and would add another governing board within the existing bureaucracy.
Rep. Sivertsen said that he didn't believe the checkoff was the route to take. He expressed the belief that there were other ways of funding which would not impose on the Department of Revenue. He agreed that this bill would open the door to other checkoff requests.
Rep. Bertelsen then rose in support of the bill. He said that it was odd that there was no support for legislation for a program that the Legislature set up. This program is probably a lot more essential to the welfare of the State than is realized. These species help indicate what is happening to the land and the total ecosystem. He submitted that the bill wouldn't cost the Department of Revenue much money.
Rep. Williams said that he agreed with Rep. Bertelsen except that he didn't agree with the method of raising funds, and would rather go to the Appropriations Committee for funding. Rep. Bertelsen said that this couldn't be done, because it was not the will of the Legis-
House Taxation Committee Meeting Minutes February 17, 1981
lature.
Page 8
Rep. Roth rose in opposition to the bill. She said she didn't think the ecosystem would be maintained by the Program.
Discussion took place regarding alternative methods of raising funds. Rep Asay cited Ducks Unlimited's methods.
Rep. Dozier rose in support of the bill. He submitted that it was hypocritical to sav that nongame species should be protected without
also supporting the program. He submitted that it hasn't even been discovered what all the questions are in this area.
Rep. Oberg wanted to know what would happen if one Committee recommended a DO PASS and the other recommended a DO NOT PASS. Chairman Nordtvedt explained that the hearing had been at the behest of the sponsors, who wanted to meet the transmittal deadline, and therefore wanted both hearings on the same day.
Rep. Hart then rose in support of the bill. It gives the entire population of Montana an opportunity to participate in the Program. She pointed out that the Nongame Wildlife Program couldn't possibly contact all interested people on their own. Also, she did not feel a precedent would be set. The Legislature can always say "no" to other requests. This would reach the people who may not ever have been contacted but would like to contribute.
Rep. Switzer then rose in opposition to the bill. He expressed support for the protection of nongame wildlife, but felt the Audubon Society should help fund the Program.
Rep. Sivertsen pointed out that Ducks Unlimited held an auction to raise funds, and he would be willing to volunteer his services to the Nongame Program if they wished to have an auction.
The question was then called for on the motion of DO NOT PASS and the motion carried 10 - 7; see roll call vote. Chairman Nordtvedt announced that the Fish and Game Committee would also hear the Bill, and there would be two Committee Reports going to the floor of the House.
Chairman Nordtvedt then announced that he had made a procedural error, and had introduced a Committee bill without having the final vote to introduce it from the Committee, although there had been an affirmative vote to have it drafted. The bill in question would repeal the law connected with the withholding tax for nonresidents, and was drafted as an outgrowth of HB 451. Rep. Sivertsen moved that the bill be introduced as a Committee bill. Hotion carried unanimously.
HOUSE BILL 521 was considered. The related bill which Rep. Menahan had wanted the Committee to wait to hear before taking action on this bill was assigned to another Committee. Rep. Dozier moved that HB 521 DO PASS.
House Taxation Committee Meeting Minutes February 17, 1981
Page ~
Rep. Burnett said that the bill would not do away with any elections.
Rep. Harrington rose in support of the bill. Not having to go back and ~te on something is what would happen, and he feels this would be a good thing.
Rep. Sivertsen wanted to know the reasoning behind thinking that once a level of funding has been established, it should not be up for review of the public. If it is believed that the taxpayers are competent, then their treatment of the schools will be proper. This will take the taxpayers out of the school system by only allowing them to vote on an increase.
Rep. Nordtvedt pointed out that other areas had to be reappraised at least every two years. Foundation money will probably be poured in greater than inflation. To lock in levies and put the burden on the taxpayer to reduce his levy would not he very reasonable under these circumstances.
Rep. Switzer said that this bill was almost a subterfuge to pass the same levy as the previous year and if only three more mills are needed, it would look like it was three mills but would really be three plus the original amount.
The question was then called for on the motion of DO PASS. Motion failed,with Reps. Oberg, Dozier, Hart and Harrington in favor. The vote was reversed for a DO NOT PASS recommendation.
Rep. Harrington then moved that HOUSE BILL 511 DO PASS. He pointed out that this bill almost passed the entire Legislature in 1979. This bill's passage would give the schools a better idea of what they would have to work with. Right now, the second year's budget is not passing and this is creating a problem. This would put funding on the same cycle as Foundation Program funding. Rep. Oberg rose in support of two year funding. Rep. Devlin submitted that a number of agencies did not like two-year budgets.
Rep. Harrington pointed out that if additional fundin~ was needed for the second year, this could be asked for on the second year.
Rep. Burnett said that it would be inequitable to make a two-year determination because each year the budget has to be collated with the "A" and the liB."
Rep. Harrington said that one of the problems with the system was that even with decreasing enrollment, inflation causes costs to rise. Under this bill, it might not even be necessary to try to levy another mill the second year, and this would be a savings to the School Districts. Rep. Williams stated that when the total mill levy is rejected, it wipes out all the previous financing, and this puts the School Boards in a bad position.
House Taxation Committee Meeting Minutes February 17, 1981
Page 10
Rep. Asay said he thought it would be more difficult to pass a twoyear levy bound to a particular sum, than on a one-year basis. Also, the two-year estimate wouldn't be as reliable. Rep. Williams argued that this bill did not bind anyone to a two-year budget, the privilege to plan a two-year budget was all that was being given.
The question was then called for on the motion of DO PASS. There was a tie vote, and the bill was to await further action by the Committee; see roll call vote.
Rep. Zabrocki then moved that HOUSE BILL 541 DO PASS. In a previous session of the Legislature this bill was passed but was invalidated because of the repealer in another bill. This same problem, it was stated, would not arise again. Rep. Neuman brought up the Fiscal ~ote, which indicated a decrease in County revenues. Rep. Sivertsen said that the loss would be made up on the local level because it would be added on to the other properties.
Rep. Oberg said that he felt this bill would be a vast improvement of the Senior Citizens' property tax relief. Under this bill the most tax relief is being given to the people who need it the most.
The question was called for on the DO PASS motion; motion carried unanimously.
HOUSE BILL 591 was then considered. Discussion took place regarding what kinds of housing would qualify under this bill. Rep. Zabrocki said that the owners of the housing have no incentive to rent because they are guaranteed their profit by the federal government. Rep. Nordtvedt pointed out that there is a government subsidy on the loan already. Rep. Williams said that there were already a number of builtin privileges.
Rep. Hart stated that killing this bill would not help the problem of taking advantage of all the good things the federal government offers. The intent of the bill is to provide rent relief.
Rep. Dozier said that if the property owner's taxes are lowered, there will be no guarantee the savings will go back to the renter, whose rent payment is subsidized anyway.
The question was called for on the motion of DO NOT PASS; motion carried with Rep. Harrington opposed.
HOUSE BILL 609 was considered. Rep. Zabrocki said he had a problem with the bill, because it would take 10 years to get 100% of a community's tax base.
Rep. Switzer moved that the bill DO PASS. Rep. Williams made a substitute motion of DO NOT PASS.
House Taxation committee Meeting Minutes February 17, 1981
Page 11
Rep. Harrington stated that somewhere, an incentive needed to be provided and therefore he was in favor of the bill.
Rep. Dozier said that two separate taxes and two separate entities of government were being dealt with and the local cow~unity won't be helped by this bill.
Rep. Vinger expressed the belief that there would be money for the local governments. He submitted that basically, the same amount would be paid as under an inventory tax, for the first five years. He said that he supported the bill.
Rep. Underdal questioned whether this bill would influence where an industrial plant located. Rep. Nordtvedt stated that he felt this would have an influence on the industry's decisions. Rep. Williams pointed out that the voters wouldn't have a chance to help decide. He felt that if the bill could be aimed at small businesses, it would be acceptable. At this time, the industrial revenue bond is available to use an incentive, and it doesn't have an impact on the local income from property taxation. Also, this bill would transfer the up-front money required for local impact in some industries. He stated that he had been provided with gasification plant information from the Billings area Chamber of Commerce.
Rep. Switzer suggested putting a limit on the size of the industry.
The question was then called for on the motion of DO NOT PASS; motion carried 13 - 2; see roll call vote.
Rep. Devlin moved that HOUSE BILL 648 DO PASS; motion carried unanimously. The meeting was adjourned.
Rep. Ken Nordtvedt, Chairman
da
HB 293 AN ACT TO REVISE THE ACREAGE AND ANNUAL GROSS INCOME QUALIFICATIONS
FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND ASSESSMENT; TO PROVIDE ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA I j
FOR ASSESSMENT OF RECREATIONAL LAND AS AGRICULTURAL; AMENDING SECTION
15-7-202, MCA.
Page 1, line 17 is amended to read:
"(a) the area of such land is not less than; 49 20"
Page 2, line 3 is amended to read:
"consumption the equivalent of ±5~ 5~ 20% or more of the owners'"
Page 2, line 19 is amended to read:
"actively devoted to agricultural AS DETERMINED IN SECTION 1 and
a dwelling that is"
VISITORS' REGISTER
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IF YOU CARE TO WRITE COMMENTS, ASK SECRETARY FOR LONGER FORM.
PLEASE LEAVE PREPARED STATEMENT WITH SECRETARY.
Form CS-33 , _ 0'
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Amendment to HB 292
1. Amend title, line 23. Following: "APPLICABILITY DATE" Insert: "AND AN EFFECTIVE DATE"
2. Page 32. Following: line 25 Insert: "Section 42. Effective date. This act is effective on
passage and approval."
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I appreciate this time to tell you a little about HB 292.
I have a witness to address this committee in greater expertise
after I finish!
HB 292 is a bill to eliminate the Montana State Inheritance
Tax. That in simple language is what it does. It does nothing
to the State Estate Tax and as my witness, Mr. Ed Eck, will
explain and the reasons for both.
Mr. Eck is an attorney in Bozeman who works exclusively
with Estates and Inheritances. For that reason, he will also
answer your questions regarding the impact of inheritance taxes
as ~ffected by this bill.
Let me tell you my interest in inheritance taxes. We all
at some time are involved. Either our age is in a bracket where
we are in line to receive an inheritance or we are in the age
group that wants to leave an inheritance to certain people,
organizations, or both. The amount of time and accountant's
fees and attorney's fees to do what one wants with his property
becomes a matter of considerable expense. I want by means of
this bill, to eliminate part of that expense and to permit the
party who has put together some net worth to distribute them
to those he loves without the State taking a part away from the
recipients.
Most of the tax money received now by the State come from
the smaller contributors as the information sheet,received from
the state fiscal office in the Mitchell Building will show. I
1869 estates paid from $1 to $5000 in total taxes for a total
of $1,913.000. The largest estateS were paid by only 5 estates
Page 2 February 13, 1981
and they contributed $944,000 total. This is Estate and Inher-
itance taxes combined. The total revenue paid the state in 1980
was less that $7,000,000 and about $5,000,000 of that was
inheritance tax. I submit that this is too much and should be
at zero amount because the people who gave t~is money to bene-
ficiaries have already paid their income taxes in putting
together their net worth. An inheritance tax is double taxa-
tion and each one of us is in a position to receive a gift or
to leave a gift by means of a will. I point out it is double
taxation, it costs the donor considerable expense in hiring
professional assistance in establishing a will, and it is
especially burdensome to farmers, ranchers, and smaller estates.
This is the purest kind of tax relief.
•
GROSS ESTATE OF $175,625
· , I. Tax Payable Under Present Law
•
•
•
•
•
Estate left to
Surviving Spouse Children or Grandchildren Brothers or Sisters Aunts, Uncles, 1st Cousins Other Persons
Federal Estate
Tax
-0--0--0--0--0-
Montana Inheritance
Tax
-0-3,512 7,025
·10,536 14,048
II. Tax payable if Montana Inheritance Tax is Repealed
• Estate left to:
~ Surviving Spouse Children or Grandchildren Brothers or Sisters
• Aunts, Uncles, 1st Counsin Other Persons
•
Federal Estate
Tax
-0--0--0--0--0-
• Example I
Montana Estate
Tax
-0--0--0--0--0-
Montana Estate
Tax
-0--0--0--0--0-
-III. Tax Payable if Both Montana Inheritance and Estate Taxes Repealed
•
•
•
-•
-
Estate left to:
Surviving Spouse Children or Grandchildren Brothers or Sisters Aunts, Uncles, 1st Counsin Other Persons
Federal Estate
Tax
-0--0--0--0--0-
Total Tax
-0-3,512 7,025
10,536 14,048
Total Tax
-0--0--0--0--0-
Total Tax
-0--0--0--0--0-
GROSS 'ESTATE OF $425,625
.. r. Tax Payable Under Present Law
Federal Montana Estate Inheritance
.... Estate left to: Tax Tax
• Surviving Spouse -0- -0-
Children, 83,512
• Grandchildren credit 7,620 75,892 8,512
Brothers, 83,512 III Sisters credit 7,620
75,892 17,025
• Aunts, Uncles, 83,512 1st cousins credit 7,620
75,892 25,537 •
Other Persons ~3,512 credit 7,620
• 75,892 34,049
.. II. Tax Payable if Montana Inheritance Tax is Repealed
Estate left to:
..
..
..
Surviving Spouse
Children, Grandchildren, Brothers, Sisters, Aunts, Uncles, 1st Cousins, Others credit
Federal Estate
Tax
-0-
83,512 7,620
75,892
Montana Estate
Tax
-0-
-0-
-0-
-0-
-0-
Montana Estate
Tax
-0-
7,620
III. Tax Payable if Montana Inheritance and Estate Tax is Repealed
III
Sstate left to: .. Surviving Spouse
.. Children, Grandchildren, Brothers, Sisters
'Aunts, Uncles, 1st .. Cous ins, Others.
-
Federal Estate
Tax
-0-
83,512
Example II
Total Tax
-0-
84,404
92,917
101,429
109,941
Total Tax
-0-
83,512
Total Tax
-0-
83,512
GROSS ESTATE OF $1,000,000 .
"'I. Tax Payable Under the Present Law
Federal Montana Estate Inheritance
-.r:sta te left to: Tax Tax
• Surviving Spouse 108,800 credit 33,200
75,600 -0-
lit Children, 201,300 Grandchildren credit 33,200
168,000 20,000 ,. Brothers, 201,300 Sisters credit 33,200
• 168,100 40,000
Aunts, Uncles, 201,300 1st Cousins credit 33,200
• 168,100 60,000
Others 201,300 III credit 33,200
168,100 80,000
• II. Tax Payable If Montana Inheritance Tax is Repealed
.. III
..
..
Estate left to:
Surviving Spouse
Children, Grandchildren, Brothers, Sisters, Aunts, Uncles, 1st Cousins, Others
Federal Estate
Tax
108,800 33,200 75,600
201,300 33,200
168,100
Example
Montana Estate
Tax
33,200
13,200
-0-
-0-
Montana Estate
Tax
33,200
33,200
III
Total Tax
108,800
201,300
204,100
228,000
248,000
Total Tax
108,800
20~,300
III. Tax Payable If Both Montana Inheritance and Estate Tax Were Repealed .. .Estate left to:
•
..
Surviving Spouse
Children, Grandchildren, Brothers, Sisters, Aunts, Uncles, 1st Cousins, Others
Federal Estate
Tax
108,800
201,300
Total Tax
108,800
201,300
---
Tax Collected
Percent Paying for this Percent Number of of Total State Category of Total
Estates Estate Tax of (Millions) Tax Paid
1869 87.8% $1 - $5,000 1.913 28.5%
247 11.6% $5,000-50,000 3.211 47.8%
10 .4% $50,000-100,000 .654 9.7%
5 .2% Over $100,000 .944 14.0%
2231 100 % 6.722 100.0%
TESTIMONY OF E. EDWIN ECK MORROW, SEDIVY, OLSON,
SCULLY & ECK, P.C. P.O. Box 1168 Bozeman, Montana 59715
Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee:
'TAy/f-T70AJ z/' 7/ 'i J Ei'l-HCJii "C"
I am Ed Eck, an attorney in Bozeman, who practices law
primarily in the areas of income and estate tax planning and
related areas such as probate. I am here to speak in behalf
of House Bill 292 which would repeal the Montana Inheritance
Tax and those sections of Montana law that apply to the
administration of the Inheritance Tax.
Attached to a written transcription of my comments as
Exhibit "A" is the Fiscal Impact as prepared by the Department
of Revenue. You will note that the Department of Revenue
projects a decrease of $4,750,000 of revenue in fiscal year
1982 and $5,000,000 in fiscal year 1983.
Certainly when compared with the other sources of
revenue available to the State of Montana, the Montana Inheri-
tance Tax is less than significant. It is simply not a good
revenue generator.
In analyzing the tax, the next question we are forced to
ask is whether there are any significant social goals which
are being achieved through the Inheritance Tax? The only
imaginable goal for the Tax might be an attempt to provide
some monetary equality among our citizens. Various committee
reports of the Joint Committee on Taxation of the U.S.
Congress occasionally refer to this goal in terms of
distributing wealth to "competing economic sources." In
other words, some might argue that heirs do not earn their
inheritances, and therefore such inheritances should be
taxed in part and distributed to the government.
While t absolutely do not agree with this social goal of
redistribution of wealth, I submit that the Montana Inheritance
Tax is not a viable means of achieving that goal. In fact,
the Montana Inheritance Tax is a greater burden comparatively
on small and medium sized estates, than on larger estates.
Again, attached to my comments as Exhibit "B" is a chart showing
the number of estates in 1980 and the Montana Inheritance Tax
paid by these estates in various categories. The first category
is those estates paying up to $5,000 of Inheritance Tax. The
next category show estates paying up to $50,000 of Inheritance
Tax. When you add those two categories together, you can see
that these lower categories account for 76.3% of the total
tax paid. Only 23.7% of the total Inheritance Tax comes from
estates paying more than $50,000 in Montana Inheritance Tax.
In other words, these figures suggest that the Montana
Inheritance Tax is not effectively redistributing wealth of
large estates. To quite an extent, this is a function of the
Inheritance Tax Tables. Such a table is attached to. my comments
as Exhibit "C". You will note that different exemptions and
-2-
rates apply depending upon the relationship of the decedent
to the heir. Each heir has a specified statutory exclusion,
and the rates are applied to the share of each heir.
For example, let's assume a decedent had a $500,000 estate
which he leaves four nieces and nephews equally. Disregarding
the Federal Estate Tax, the share for each would be $125,000
($500,000 divided by 4). The tax on each share would be
computed as follows:
$125,000 distributive share - 1,000 exemption 124,000 taxable share
4% of $25,000 = $1,000 8% of $25,000 = $2,000
12% of $50,000 = $6,000 16% of $24,000 = $3,840
TOTAL $124,000 = 12,840
Since there are four nieces and nephews, the total Montana
Inheritance Tax would be $51,360.
The Federal Estate Tax rates vary from 18% to 70% - significantly
higher than the brackets for Montana Inheritance Taxes. Taking
the same $500,000 estate distributable to nieces and nephews,
the Federal Estate Tax would be computed as follows:
$500,000 Taxable Estate
$155,800 - 47,000 - 10,000 $ 98,800
Tenative Tax Unified Credit Credit for State Death Taxes Federal Estate Tax
-3-
In short, the Federal Estate Tax is almost double the Montana
Inheritance Tax. A Federal Estate Tax schedule is attached
hereto as Exhibit "D."
For another example, let's assume that the estate totals
$1,000,000 and is distributed to the same four nieces and
nephews. The Federal Estate Tax would be computed as follows:
$345,800 -47,000 -33,200
$265,600
Tenative Tax Unified Credit Credit for State Death Taxes Federal Estate Tax
Montana Inheritance Tax would be based upon the distributive
estate (the taxable Federal estate less the Federal estate taxes).
$1,000,000 - 265,600
$ 734,400
Taxable Estate Federal Estate Tax Distributable Estate
Since there are four nieces and nephews, the share for each would
total $183,600. Because there is a $1,000 exemption for nieces
and nephews, the taxable share would total $182,600.
4% of $25,000 8% of $25,000
12% of $50,000 16% of $82,600
$182,600
= = = =
$1,000 $2,000 $6,000 $13,216 $22,216
Again, since there are four nieces and nephews the Montana Inheritance
Tax would total $88,864. This is significantly less than the
$265,600 of Federal Estate Tax. The larger the estate, the larger
the marginal estate tax bracket. The highest bracket is 70% which
is applied to estates in excess of $5,000,000. The Hontana
Inheritance Tax, on the other hand, achieves its highest bracket
-4-
~~~~~ ---------- ---
when the share of each heir (not the total estate) is $100,000
in excess of the applicable exemption.
I am not suggesting that I favor the Federal Estate Tax.
I do not. Philosophically, I feel that both the Montana
Inheritance Tax and the Federal Estate Tax constitute double
taxation. The property has been subject to income taxes already
during the decedent's lifetime. After death, the Federal and
State governments are taxing it again. These taxes, expecially
the Federal Estate Tax, can destroy the individual incentive to
save.
Nevertheless, when we look at Hontana Inheritance Tax, we must
make two observations. First, it is not a big revenue generator.
Second, as compared with the Federal Estate Tax, it does not
effectively redistribute wealth. Consequently, it is clear
that that Montana Inheritance Tax serves the purpose of taxation
of only small and moderate sized estates. Finally, I should note
that House Bill 292 will not disturb the Montana Estate Tax.
As noted in the computation of Federal Estate Taxes above,
the Internal Revenue Code has a credit for State Death Taxes.
Basically it is a maximum credit. To the extent that Montana
does not have death taxes to consume that credit for State
Death Taxes, the estate will not be entitled to the credit.
Additional taxes will be payable to the Federal Government.
-5-
Thus, the Montana Estate Tax is sometimes called a "sponge"
tax. The Montana Estate Tax does not add additional taxation
to Montana citizens or estates. It is merely a question of
whether the money is paid to the State of Montana or the
Federal government. In short, House Bill 292 does not
eliminate this tax. I suggest that as long as there is such
a Federal credit, the Montana Estate Tax should remain intact.
I have attached a copy of the rate table for the computation
of the credit for State Death Taxes for your convenience.
-6-
_:EXHIBIT "A"
.. STATE OF MONTANA
REOUEST NO. 159-81
FISCAL NOTE
Form HI>-15
_n compliance with a written. request received .Janllary 22 , 19 -.aL, there is hereby submitted a Fiscal Note
for . ~OUSE. BILL 292 ____ pursuant to Chapter 53, Laws of Montana, 1965 - Thirty-Ninth Legislative Assembly.
Background information used in developing this Fiscal Note is available from the Office of Budget and Program Planning, to members
• of the legislature upon request.
DESCRIPTION -An act repealing the Montana Inheritance Tax and amending those sections that apply to the administration of both the Inheritance Tax and the Estate Tax.
• ASSUMPTIONS
1. •
Inheritance Tax revenue under the current law is $6.7 million and $7 million for FY 82 and FY 83, respectively.
2. Estate Tax revenue is $2 million for both fiscal years. Note that actual Estate • Tax revenue can be extremely volatile over time.
FISCAL IMPACT
• General Fund
Under current law Under proposed law
~ Estimated Decrease
•
•
..
.. PREPARED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE
•
•
.)
•
..
FY 82 $6.75 M 2.00 M
($4.75 M)
FY 83 $7.00 M
2.00 M ($5.00 M)
BUDGET 01 RECTOR ---~- --,- - .-
Office of Budget and Program Planning
Date: ,.:l b .. ( I
Number of Estates
1869
247
10
5
2231
EXHIBIT "B"
/fjc, ----------
1980 INHERITANCE TAX REVENUES
Tax Collected
Percent Paying for this of Total State Category Estate Tax of (Millions)
87.8% $1 - $5,000 1.913
11.6% $5,000-50,000 3.211
.4% $50,000-100,000 .654
.2% Over $100,000 .944
100 % 6.722
Percent of Total Tax Paid
28.5%
47.8%
9.7%
14.0%
100.0%
EXHIBIT "C"
" MONTANA INHERITANCE TAX RATE SCHEDULE
------. WHEN DECEDENT DIED ON OR AFTER JULY 1, 1977 First Next Next All Over
in exc!!SS of'lxem!)t.
~Z:i QQ2 ~Z:i QQ2 S~Q QOQ ~1Q9..Q2Q.. Surviving spou. Exemption: entire distributive
share 2 4 '3 8
Minor lineal descendants 15,000 2 4 6 8 Adult lineal descendants ~nd linea! anceonors 7,C.:)0 2 4 6 8 Brothers, sisters or descendants thereof 1.800 4 8 12 16 Son's wife or daughter's husband 1.0eO 4 B 12 16 Aunt. uncle or first cousin ~~')~e G 12 13 ~4
" Any other cegree of cons.:mguinity, stranger in blood or corpor~tion None 3 1G 24 .,. .. .. n.
EXHIBIT "0"
FEDERAL ESTATE TAX RATES
(c) Rate schedule. If the amount "Ith respect
to "bleb tile tentady. to to be computed Is;
Not over 5 10,000 ..... . Over 510,000 but not
over 520,000
Over 520,000 but not oller S40,ooo
Over $40,000 but not over 560,000
Over 560,000 but not over 580,000
Over 580,000 but not over 5100,000
Over 5100,000 but not over 5150,000
Over 5150,000 but not over 5250,000
Over 5250,000 but not oller 5500,000
Over 5500,000 but not over 5750,000
Over 5750,000 but not over 51,000,000
Over 51,000,000 but not oller 51.250,000
Over 51,250,000 but not oller 51.S00,ooo
Over 51.500,000 but nOl over 52,000,000
Over 52,000,000 but not oller 52,500,000
Over 52,500,000 but not over 53,000,000
Over 53,000,000 but not over 53,500,000
Over 53,500,000 but not over $4,000,000
Over $4,000,000 but not oller $4,500,000
Over $4,500,000 but not over 55,000,000
Over 55,000,000 ...... .
the tentati .. to Is: 18 percent of such amount. 51.800. plus 20 percent or
the ellcess of such amount over 510,000.
53,800, plus 22 percent or the ellcess of such
amount over 520,000. 58,200, plus 24 percent or
the ellcess of such amount over S40,OOO.
513.000, plus 26 percent of the ellcess of such
amount over 560,000. S 18,200, plus 28 percent or
the ellcess of such amount over 580,000.
523,800, plus 30 percent or the ellcess of such
amount over 5 100,000. 538,800, plus 32 percent of
the ellcess of such amount o ... er 5150,000.
570,800, plus 34 percent of the ellcess of such
amount over 5250,000. 5155,800, plus 37 percent of
the ellcess of such amount over 5500,000.
5248,300, plus 39 percent of the ellcess of such
amount oller 5750,000. 5345,800 plus 41 percent of
the ellcess of such amount over 51,000,000.
S448,300, plus 43 percent of the ellcess of such
amount over 51.250.000. 5555,800, plus 45 percent of
the ellcess of such amount oller 51,500,000.
5780,800, plus 49 percent of the ellcess of such
amount over 52,000,000. 51.025,800, plus SJ percent
of the ellcess of such amount over 52.500,000.
51,290,800, plus 57 percent of the ellcess of such amount oller 53,000,000.
51.575,800, plus 61 percent of the ellcess of such amount over 53,500,000.
51.880,800, plus 65 percent of the ellcess of such amount oller 54,000,000.
52,205,800, plus 69 percent of the ellcess of such amount oller $4,500,000.
52,550,800, plus 70 percent 0( the ellcess 0( such amount over S5,OOO,OOO,
EXHIBIT "E"
CREDIT FOR STATE DEATH TAXES
(b) Amount or credit. The .::redit allowed by this section shall not exceed
the appropnate amount stated in the following table: If the adjusted taxable
estale is: :'1/<'1 ,l\ er S40.000
O'er 5Q(1.lUJ bUI nOI o'er SI~.COJ.
O\er 51-1{),1X(j bUI nol o'er S2-W.IXX>.
O'er 52-1{).COJ but not Ll\er S44Q.COJ.
O'er S4-W.1XX> but not L" er 564Q.iXlO.
0, er S04O.',XXl but nol ,n er 58-1{).'XlO.
0, er S ~.j{).LX"fj but nol L" er 51.!J-+O.IXX>.
O'er 5 1.C40.IXX} but not ", er S I. 5-1{).OOO.
O'er 5 1.~40.'))) but not ,1\ er 52.040,000.
O'er 52.04Q,OCX> but nL't ,ner 52.5-1{).000.
0, er S2.54Q,OOO but not mer 53.040.000.
0, er 53.(\4().OOO but not o,er S3.54Q,OOO.
O'er 53.540.000 but not o,er ~.04Q.000.
O'er 54.1)4I).1XX> but not e1\ er 55.040.000.
O'er 55.040.000 but not o,er 56.040.000.
O'er 56.04Q.000 but n,1t 0' er 57.040.000.
0"" S7.o.w.000 bUI not O,'er 58.040.000.
O'er 58,040,000 bul not mer 59.040,000.
O\er S9,04Q.000 bul not o\er S 10.04Q,OOO.
O'er S 10.040.000
The maximum tax credit shall be:
8/10ths of 1% of the amount by which the adJusted !.Jxable estate ~,,~eeds 54Q.0CX>.
5400 plus 1.6'1: of the ex-cess o\ler 590.000.
S 1.200 plus 2.4% llf (he excess over 514Q.000.
53.600 plus 32% of the excess O\(r 5~4Q.000.
510.000 plus 4% of (he ell-cess o'er S440.000.
518.000 plus 4.8"'0 of (he excess o\ler 564Q.000.
527.600 plus 5.6'1: of (he e.\cess o,er 584Q.OOO.
538.800 plus 6.4"'0 of (he ~xcess 0' er 51.04Q.000.
570.800 plus 72% of (he e\Cess over 51,54Q.000.
SI06.~OO plus 8% of the e.\';ess o,er 52.04Q.000
$146.800 plus 8.8% of the excess over 52.54Q.OOO.
5190.800 plus 9.6""0 of the excess over 53.04Q.000.
5238.800 plus 10.4% of the excess over 53.54Q.000.
5290,800 plus 112% of (he excess over S4.04Q,OOO.
S4Q2.800 plus 12% of the e.\cess over S5.04Q,OOO.
5522.800 plus 12.8% of the e.\cess over S6,04Q.000.
5650,800 plus 13.6% of (he excess over S7.04Q.000.
5786.800 plus 14.4% of the excess over 58.040.000.
5930.800 plus 15.2% of (he ellcess over 59.040.000.
51.082.800 plus 16% of the ellcess over 510,040.000.
For purposes of this section, the term "adjusted taxable estate" means the taxable estate reduced by S60.OO)'
VISITORS' REGISTER
HOUSE I C'--l< 4-h ~_' / '-. COMMITTEE ----------------------------BILL 1¥:rl H[,;':') y ~ f iii':;' Date ::; / 7/" /
SPONSOR: __ ~f~~==i=/='~~~~~~{~·'DA~~~~~~,~bOO~~ c-·
NAME RESIDENCE
~~~e+ E( lis
REPRESENTING
I ~/.p.
SUP- OPPORT POSE
: Jfj
IF YOU CARE TO WRITE COMMENTS, ASK SECRETARY FOR LONGER FORM.
Form CS-33 1-81
PLEASE LEAVE PREPARED STATEAENT WITH SECRETARY.
VISITORS' REGISTER
COMMITTEE
BILL --,'.:-S2- J ~ 1 Date <~/I-</(
SPONSOR L~ iQ t -+' .0 ::coL.~c~~
NAME RESIDENCE REPRESENTING
!
, :
I !
I I i i
i IF YOU CARE TO WRITE COMMENTS, ASK SECRETARY FOR LONGER FORM.
Form CS-33 1-81
PLEASE LEAVE PREPARED STATEMENT WITH SECRETARY.
! 1
I i , I j
OPPOSE
January 21, 1981
THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY MONTANA CHAPTER
James H. Phelps, President Montana Audubon Council 2110 Bradbrook Court Billings, Montana 59102
Dear Mr. Phelps:
The Montana Chapter of the Wildlife Society, an organization of practicing wildlife professionals with approximately 150 members throughout our state, is proud and pleased to endorse the Montana Audubon Council's measure to enhance Montana's general wildlife program and seek revenue for this effort with a voluntary contribution using a state income tax return check-off system.
We are aware of the success of this type of fund raising program in Colorado and Oregon, and believe Minnesota and Kentucky will experience similar success when they receive their first contributions this spring. We know of a number of other states, including our neighbor Idaho, that are introducing similar legislation this winter. More important, we know that such funds have been used to increase the general knowledge of the whole wildlife resource and popular understanding and awareness of its place in our lives.
,
We believe there is a general interest in wildlife in Montana. We recognize the rightness of non-consumptive users of wildlife having an opportunity to pay their fair share of the cost of wildlife programs which benefit them. We hold that there are many hunters and non-hunters, fishermen and non-fishermen who are sufficiently interested in the welfare of wildlife to make a contribution if given a tax check-off opportunity. We trust this constituency will have an opportunity for active involvement and participation in programs that will result from this new revenue.
We wish you success and offer support.
Robert G. Hensler, President Montana Chapter, Wildlife Society
MWA/mjw
AN ORGANIZATION FOR PROFESSIONAL WILDLIFE BIOLOGISTS
1HE MJ~1'ANA AIJDUBO;-.J COUr'\CIL
Testimony by Jim Phelps, President Montana Audubon Council,
Supporting HE 787
Mr. Chairman and members of the Committe~,
My name is Jim Phelps from Billings, Montan~and I am the current president of
the Montana Audubon Council. The Council represents 8 chapters of the Montana
Audubon Society. Our chapters are located in the Flathead Valley, the Missoula
and Bitterroot Valleys and in the Butte-Anaconda-Dillon areas in Western Montana.
In eastern Montana we have chapters in Helena, Boze~~;i~t~at Falls and Miles City.
Our membership is approaching nearly 2,000.
More than half our states have __ nongame wildlife programs funded by a variety
of methods ranging from sportsmens license fees, sales taxes, general fund appro
priations and the sales of special license plates on automobiles. Six states
including Utah, Colorado, Oregon, Minnesota, Kentucky and Kansas fund their pro-
grams with the voluntary tax check-off. Colorado was the first state to adopt
this "check-off" in 1977:providing us with three years experience with this method.
Their results indicate that approximately 10% of these taxpayers contributed an average thelr
of $3-$5 fromArefunds to the state's nongame program. Based on these statistics,
we should be able to raise about P5POO a year which we feel is sufficient to carry
out a program.
I participated on the governor-appointed Advisory Council. Our research
indicated that most state wildlife programs are supported by special taxes and
fees. The tax check-off system, therefore, follows in this tradition.
Interest ~d concern for nongame wildlife is growing in Montana. This is
reflected in the growth of the Montana Audubon Society which has recently added
new chapters in Great Falls and Miles City. We urge you recoqnize the need for
Montana to improve its nongame program and pass HB 787. Thankyou.
TESTI~{)~'Y SUPPORTING HE 78: Feb. 17,1980 -
This statement IS presented in behalf of Bill Sternhagen, a Helena attorney:
I was a member of the Governor appointed Nongame Advisory Council that
supported the tax checkoff in 1979. I support this checkoff method still.
After examining the tax forms used in several states, as shown here, it 15
my opinion that the average taxpayer will find no difficulty in knowing the
purpose of this checkoff and will be able to decide for himself/herself whether
he/she wishes to contribute to the funding. I do not believe that people will
have any trouble filling out a tax form that contains such a checkoff.
I urge you to pass HE 787. Thank you Mr. Chairman and members of the
committee.
JI
--
Check-ofts
'T()LKccTf'ON 21 17 /8 ; e-><-I-hG; r <'E"
COLORADO @
@
@
~~/~~; ~~:I~~60~~~:~~EI~;0 .IN.~O.M~. T~X.Y~~~: .~N~.E~", .. , ............• @! L ______ IJ-L-~
.................. @E I .@ Is,-s _====~LJ==:I
NET TAX. SUBTRACT THE AMOUNT ON LINE 16 FROM THE AMOUNT ON LINE 15 ..
IF LINE 14 IS LARGER THAN LINE 17, ENTER AMOUNT COLORADO OWES YOU .............. .
COLORADO NONGAME WILDLIFE PROGRAM. CHECK IF YOU WISH TO DESIGNATE 0 $1, 0 $5, 0 $10, OR --~-'-' $ __ (WRITE IN AMOUNT) OF YOUR TAX REFUND TO THIS PROGRAM. IF THIS IS A JOINT OR A COMBINED lsi I RqURN, CHECK IF SPOUSE WISHES TO DESIGNATE 0 $1,055,0 $10, OR $ __ (WRITE IN AMOUNT).@· _._~
.. ··®E 1) SUBTRACT THE AMOUNT ON LINE 19 FROM THE AMOUNT ON LINE 18. THIS IS YOUR REFUND - ® @ IF LINE 17 IS LARGER THAN LINE 14, ENTER THE AMOUNT YOU OWE COLORADO. I. -----r- l
MAKE CHECK OR MONEY ORDER PAYABLE TO THE COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF REYENU_E_._._ .. _._ .. _._. _ .. _._._@ __ I..L~_$ _______ U KANSAS ----
27. Balancc (Subtract line 26 from line 19) (Cannot be less tnan zero)
28. Kansas income tax withheld (Attach Kansas copies Form W-2)
29. Estimated tax pa:9 30. Solar energy refund
Make dlCCk or mono',
ordcr pilYJble 10
Kilns<\S Income Tax
31. Total prepaid credits Add lines 28, 29 & 30) 31 =-~~:~~~~~:;:;;:"'::;~~:=:::..L.---:--=--________ ~:--___ ----::-.,+:~ ____ -_-_ .. 32.
33.
BALANCE DUE (If line 27 is greater than line 31) [TJ InteresL __ ~l---====::.M .:12. [W] I [Xl Credit Forward
REFUND or Estimated tax credit carry forward (If line 31 is greater than line 27) _~3 _____________ L _ 33
3·1. KNJSAS 1'10N·G,1 V,E WILDLIFE IMPROVEMENT pnOGRAM. Check if you wish to donate, in addition to your
tax liability, ( ) SI, ( ) $,), ( ) $10 or ( ) S. __ ~_ or designate ( ) $1, ( ) $5, ( ) $10 or
( ) S of your tax refund for this pro<Jr<1fT1 If jOinl return, check if spouse wishes to donate or dcsig·
nale ( ) S1, ( ) $5, ( ) $10 or ( ) $. . Enter total on line 34 fZ] J.~_
• 12
[Y) riefund
ToWI ",,",fide Contrll)I., :Ion
12. Total Credits (Iolal 01 line 7 through 11) f----- -.-----.-~---.
_ 13. Tax Due it line 6 is larger Iha line 12 - subtrJClline 12 from line 6 and enler balance Pay This Amounl ............................ JilL • t----j---. -------+-----.-
13
14. Relund -/I line 12 is IH~cr Ihan line 6 - sublnclline 6 from line 12 and enler Amounl 01 Refund ........................................... 14
_ I S.l!f Utah Hongame Wildlife fuad. f wish 10 contribule 0 ~ 1. 0 ~S. 0 ~ ID. or [write amountJ t----t----.--.-- .-----
Dr 0 Hone or my relund 10 Ihls fund [enler amounl shownl ..................................... :................................................. IS ~--+------
16. Hel Retund - Su~trnl line IS from Ifne 17 and enler amounl to be relunded 10 you .......... ~ ............................................. 9.. • _ /' L-_-'-_____ J-.._._ 16
17. Did you File J Utah Relurn tor 19797 DYES 0110 Send return UTAH STATE TAX COMMtSSION OFFICIAL USE ONLY "-
It no, give reason: and STATE OFFICE BUfLDING • Codl I App'DYed
remittance 10: SALT LAKE CITY. UTAH 84134 - ...
, )REGON - is r:;"iurl(i ii i.ne 14 is more Ihan line 13. you l1ave a ~elund Su'biract line 13 trom Itne 14 ......................................... • 15 ~ ___ ~_.-+-_l 16 Oregon Nongame Wildlife Fund. I wish 10 contribute $1 0, $3 D. $S 0:, None 0 ot my t~ relund
10 Ihe Nongame Wildlife Fund. II joinl return. spouse's contribution $1 0, $3 D. $S O. None 0 .. Fill.n Ihe lolal contribution it any. A contribution will reduce your relund. ............................................................. • 16 f---------t---
17 NET REFUND. Subtract line 16 from line 15. This is your refund ................. : ............. : ..... : ........... : .. : ....... :: ........ : .......... • 17 ~ _____ +_--"'I' 18 T..AX-TO-PAY.lf line 13 is more lhan line 14. you have lax-la-pay. Subtract line 14 Irom line 13 ............................. • 18 '--_____ .....L __ _ ..
WITNESS STATEME~~
,,", ~
BILL No. ,;...; /J' 7? 7 {~
DATE d. - I ~ ~ ;r I
WHOM DO YOU REPRESENT~_~~+_.~_~~\~{_·_._d~)~~_~_~_'_(~(_~_~_:~~~~~p~~~'~ SUppORT ____ ~ ________________ OPPOSE ______________ AMEND ____________ __
PLEASE LEAVE PREPARED STATEMENT WITH SECRETARY.
Conunents:
P0R11 CS-34 1-81
....... t>c:l , ,... ..;:;. .' IiJfjJ . <" >-() '- h
~~ LLJ ~t --..J >-
I-w
.) ~ ---.J ~
~~ u 0 Ul
z: 0
~ CO :-:l Cl ::0 c.t:
W U z: c.t: ::I: U
I I-Ul
I c.t: -'
L J :z:
• 1 i
"' 1 I I ) I I
~i
W1 "1 i
i I I
j I _ J I " !
! l '.
I 1 B
IRD
S OF
TH
E H
ELEN
A
VA
LLEY
1 I N
TRO
DU
CT IO
N
1 T
he
au
tho
rs
of
this
b
oo
kle
t fe
el
there
is
a
nee
d
for
a
-g
uid
e to
b
ird
ing
in
th
e H
elen
a are
a,
and
als
o
a n
eed
to
d
ocu
men
t th
Iman
y sp
ecie
s o
f b
ird
s w
hich
ha
ve
been
se
en
in
the
are
a
ov
er
the
_ ears
. It
is
ho
ped
that
this
b
oo
kle
t w
ill
thu
s se
rve
bo
th
pu
r-
po
ses:
th
at
it w
ill
be
use
ful
to
peo
ple
li
vin
g
in
or
vis
itin
g
]th
e
Hel
ena
area
an
d w
on
der
ing
w
her
e to
go
to
lo
ok
fo
r b
ird
s,
and
that
it
wil
l p
rov
ide
som
e u
sefu
l te
ch
nic
al
info
rmati
on
on
]lo
cal
bir
d
com
mu
nit
ies.
A m
ap
show
ing
road
s an
d p
oin
ts
of
inte
rest
wh
ich
are
Jaccess
ible
by
th
e p
ub
lic
is
show
n in
th
e cen
ter
fold
. M
ost
of
the
lan
d
in
the
Hel
ena
Val
ley
is
p
riv
ate
ly
owne
d;
the
au
tho
rs
and
the
Las
t C
hanc
e A
udub
on
So
cie
ty
ask
all
u
sers
o
f th
is
gu
ide
leo
re
spect
the
wis
hes
an
d ri
gh
ts
of
all
la
nd
ow
ner
s an
d to
refr
ain
fr
om
en
teri
ng
p
riv
ate
la
nd
w
ith
ou
t p
erm
issi
on
. B
ird
]ratc
hin
g re
qu
ires
no
per
mit
s o
r li
cen
se,
bu
t b
ird
w
atch
ing
itself
g
ives
no
one
the
rig
ht
to
tresp
ass
on
p
riv
ate
p
rop
ert
y.
) HO
W
TO
USE
TH
IS
GU
IDE
Th
is
gu
ide
is
no
t m
eant
to
be
eit
her
a fi
eld
g
uid
e o
r
1r si
mp
le
gu
ided
to
ur
alo
ng
on
e ro
ute
. 7h
e au
tho
rs
beli
ev
e
part
o
f th
e en
joy
men
t o
f b
ird
w
atch
ing
li
es
in
the
dis
co
very
lOf
un
exp
ecte
d
pla
ces
and
un
exp
ecte
d
sp
e:'
es.
As
a re
su
lt,
the
. ap
in
clu
ded
h
ere
giv
es
enou
gh informa~ion
to
beg
in
an
ex
plo
r-
]ati
on
o
f th
e ar
ea
wit
ho
ut
ex
cess
ive d
eta
ii.
For
th
e b
egin
nin
g
-2
-
bir
dw
atc
her
or
sho
rt-t
err
; v
isit
or,
th
e te
xt
and
map
su
gg
est
bir
din
g
trip
s
to
su
it
the
inte
rests
an
d av
ail
ab
le
tim
e o
f
the
read
er.
The
b
ird
li
st
in
this
g
uid
e li
sts
all
sp
ecie
s w
hich
hav
e b
een
d
ocu
men
ted
in
th
e
area
sh
own
on
the
map
. O
f co
urs
e,
no
t all
o
f th
ese
sp
ecie
s are
p
rese
nt
at
the
sam
e ti
me,
and
som
e are
ra
riti
es
wh
ich
h
ave
been
se
en
on
ly
on
ce.
Fo
r a
com
ple
te
listi
ng
o
f M
onta
na
specie
s,
the
au
tho
rs
sug
gest
A
Lis
t o
f M
onta
na
Bir
ds,
av
ail
ab
le
free
from
th
e M
onta
na
Dep
art
men
t o
f Fi
sh
and
Gam
e,
and
P.O
. S
kaar'
s M
onta
na
Bi
rd
Di s
tri
~tion
(av
ail
ab
le
at
no
min
al
co
st
from
P.
D
. S
kaar,
50
1 S
ou
th
Th
ird
, B
ozem
an,
MT
59
71
5).
The
p
oin
ts
of
inte
rest
show
n by
nu
mbe
red
do
ts
on
the
map
are
are
as
the
au
tho
rs
have
fou~d
to
be
gen
era
lly
in
tere
st
ing
lo
cati
on
s fo
r b
ird
w
atch
ing
. So
me,
o
f co
urs
e,
are
bett
er
than
o
thers
, an
d th
e
bir
ds
pre
sen
t ch
ange
fr
om
seas
on
to
se
aso
n
and
from
h
ou
r to
h
ou
r.
Bir
ds
inh
ab
it
the
en
tire
ar
ea
and
the
read
er
may
fi
nd
fa
vo
rite
1
acati
on
s o
f h
is
own.
E
ach
of
the
num
bere
d p
oin
ts
is
desc
rib
ed
la
ter
in
the
tex
t.
The
ar
row
s
show
n m
erel
y
sug
gest
ro
ute
s w
hich
m
ay
be
tak
en.
An
exam
inat
ion
of
the
map
an
d th
e d
esc
rip
tio
ns
of
the
po
ints
o
f in
tere
st
wil
l
allo
w
the
read
er
to
cho
ose
a
trip
la
stin
g
one
ho
ur
or
one
last
ing
all
d
ay.
The
ar
row
s ar
e n
ot
mea
nt
to
ham
per
an
yon
e's
sty
le!
NA
TURA
L H
ISTO
RY
OF
TH
E AR
EA
Hel
ena
lies
on
the
sou
ther
n
edge
o
f th
e H
elen
a V
all
ey
,
a b
road
in
term
on
tan
e
vall
ey
d
rain
ed
by
thre
e
smal
l tr
ibu
tari
es
of
the
Mis
sou
ri
Riv
er:
P
rick
ly
Pea
r C
reek
, T
enm
ile
Cre
ek,
and
°1
I •
1 I . ~
~l
.'
-I ~) 1
I -
3 -
~1
Sil
ver
Cre
ek.
Hau
ser
Dam
, b
uil
t in
1
91
1,
impo
unds
th
e M
isso
uri
C R
iver
cre
ati
ng
L
ake
Hel
ena
and
Hau
ser
Lak
e.
Sin
ce
'1, le
vel
of
this
im
poun
dmen
t v
ari
es
on
ly
sli
gh
tly
, th
e
has
m
any
of
the
ch
ara
cte
risti
cs
of
a n
2tu
ral
lak
e.
tne
wat
el'
rese
rvo
ir
,411
0 th
e r
1 sig
nif
ican
t bo
dy
of
wat
er
is
the
Hel
ena
Val
ley
R
esu
lati
ng
Rese
rvo
ir,
bu
ilt
in
the
19
50
's
by
the
U.S
. B
ure
au
of
Rec
la-
mat
ion
. T
he
rese
rvo
ir
is
fill
ed
by
w
ater
pu
mpe
d o
ut
of
Can
yon
1 Fer
ry
Rese
rvo
ir
up
stre
am
of
Hau
ser
Dam
. N
umer
ous
irri
gati
on
dit
ch
es
cro
ss
the
are
a,
som
e o
f w
hich
o
rig
inate
at
the
reg
u-
1 lati
ng
re
serv
oir
.
, T
he
vall
ey
is
b
ord
ered
on
th
e n
ort
h
and
no
rth
east
by
Imm
edia
tely
so
uth
o
f
l' the
foo
thil
ls
of
the
Belt
M
ou
nta
ins.
, H
elen
a li
e
the
Hel
ena
Mo
un
tain
s.
The
E
lkh
orn
M
ou
ntJ
ins
are
",I I 1
"
, I "
~l
I ] a
mo
der
atel
y
hig
h
ran
ge
sou
thw
est
of
Eas
t H
elen
a.
Vis
ible
from
an
d ly
ing
to
th
e w
est
of
Hel
ena
is
a lo
w
ran
ge
of
hil
ls
sep
ara
tin
g
the
He1
ana
and
Tow
nsen
d V
alle
ys
and
know
n as
th
e
°1 ·1 I , j
Sp
ok
ane
Hil
ls.
The
d
ry,
rock
y
Scra
tch
gra
vel
Hil
ls
form
th
e
wes
tern
ed
ge
of
the
Hel
ena
Vall
ey
.
1 A
lth
ou
gh
th
e m
ou
nta
ins
surr
ou
nd
ing
th
e
Val
ley
re
ceiv
e
" up
to
30
in
ch
es
of
pre
cip
itati
on
p
er y
ear,
th
eVa1
1ey
g
en
era
lly
Part
s o
f th
e V
alle
y
cou
ld
be
receiv
es
less
th
an
ten
in
ch
es.
] co
nsi
dere
d
a tr
ue
dese
rt,
one
of
the
few
in
th
e sta
te.
Ori
gin
a1
-
1y
, m
ost
o
f th
e
vall
ey
ex
iste
d
as
sho
rt-g
rass
p
rair
ie,
pro
bab
ly
'1 do
min
ated
by
b
lue
gram
a an
d n
eed
1e-a
nd
-th
read
, w
ith
so
me
-' I ]
rip
ari
an
sh
rub
h
ab
itats
n
ear
the
smal
l st
ream
s an
d th
e are
a
now
co
ver
ed
by
Lak
e H
elen
a.
The
in
tro
du
cti
on
o
f ag
ricu
ltu
re,
irri
gati
on
, an
d hu
man
h
ab
itati
on
d
ram
ati
call
y
chan
ged
th
e
I
J 1 v
eg
eta
tio
n
in
muc
h o
f th
e
Vall
ey
, an
d th
us
chan
ged
th
e h
ab
itats
•
-4
-
av
ail
ab
le
for
bir
ds
and
oth
er
wil
dli
fe.
Alt
ho
ug
h
mos
t o
f th
e
lall
ey
is
ru
ral,
su
bd
ivis
ion
s ar
e co
nti
nu
all
y
chan
gin
g
the
natu
re
and
use
o
f th
e
lan
d.
Ag
ricu
ltu
ral
lan
d
and
natu
ral
gra
ssla
nd
is
ste
ad
ily
b
ein
g
rep
laced
by
tr
act
ho
use
s an
d tr
ail
er
co
urt
s.
The
are
a
cov
ered
by
th
e
map
co
nta
ins
a v
ari
ety
o
f h
ab
itats
lyin
g
at
ele
vati
on
s fr
om
3650
to
o
ver
54
00
feet.
E
lev
ati
on
s
in
the
Val
ley
ra
ng
e fr
om
ab
ou
t 36
50
to
4000
fe
et.
Som
e o
f th
e p
red
om
inan
t h
ab
itats
an
d th
eir
ch
ara
cte
r-
isti
c
bir
d
specie
s are
li
ste
d
bel
ow
:
OPE
N
WA
TER.
O
pen
wat
er
is
foun
d at
sto
p
num
ber
4
(gra
vel
pit
s),
12
(r
eg
ula
tin
g
rese
rvo
ir),
13
(H
ause
r L
ake)
,
16
and
19
(Lak
e H
ele
na).
M
ost
wat
er
and
sho
re
bir
ds
liste
d
can
be
seen
at
these
lo
cati
on
s at
the
ap
pro
pri
ate
se
aso
n.
STR
EAM
SID
E SH
RU
BB
ERY
. M
any
stre
ams
and
can
als
ar
e
bo
rder
ed
wit
h
lush
sh
rub
bery
, w
hich
p
rov
ides
att
racti
ve
hab
itat
for
east
ern
k
ing
bir
ds,
y
ello
w
warb
lers
, so
ng
spar
row
s,
and
no
rth
ern
an
d lo
gg
erh
ead
sh
rik
es.
RIP
AR
IAN
FO
RE
STS.
A
long
re
serv
oir
s an
d la
rger
stre
ams
are
fo
un
d
tall
co
tto
nw
oo
ds
and
wil
low
s,
whi
ch
are
amon
g th
e
mo
st
div
ers
e
hab
itats
in
M
onta
na.
Her
e ar
e fo
und
ori
ole
s,
vir
eo
s,
and
a
vari
ety
o
f w
arb
lers
, to
na
me
a fe
w.
GR
ASS
LAN
DS.
R
ela
tiv
ely
fe
w
bir
d
specie
s ar
e fo
und
in
gra
ssla
nd
h
ab
itats
; th
ese
in
clu
de
ho
rned
la
rks,
w
este
rn
mea
dow
lark
s,
lon
gsp
urs
, an
d sa
van
nah
an
d v
esp
er
spar
row
s.
SAG
EBR
USH
-GR
ASS
LAN
DS.
S
ageb
rush
in
th
e v
all
ey
is
li
mit
ed
to
a fe
w
rem
nan
t st
an
ds;
a
sear
ch
of
sag
ebru
sh
are
as
may
be
rew
ard
ed
wit
h
a ra
re
sig
hti
ng
o
f a
sag
e th
rash
er
or
Bre
wer
's
spar
row
.
I 1, J r :f
H
11 11 -n 11 11 II 11 11
-5
-
CR
OPL
AN
D.
The
H
elen
a V
alle
y
co
nta
ins
bo
th
irri
;ate
d
and
dry
cro
pla
nd
; a
vari
ety
o
f cro~s
are
p
rod
uce
d,
es~ecially
alf
alf
a
and
wh
eat.
BRU
SHY
D
RAW
S.
Co
ule
es
and
inte
rmit
ten
t d
rain
ag
es
are
oft
en
b
ord
ered
w
ith
sh
rub
bery
, in
clu
din
g
ch
ok
ech
err
y.
"dw
tho
rne,
bit
terb
rush
, an
d w
illo
ws.
T
hes
e th
ick
ets
o
ften
h
arb
or
such
specie
s as
th
e
song
sp
arro
w,
east
ern
k
ing
bir
d,
lark
sp
arro
w,
and
To
wn
sen
d's
so
lita
ire.
ROCK
Y M
OU
NTA
IN
JUN
IPE
R
WO
OD
LAN
D.
Th
is
dry
, st
un
ted
" p y
9 my
for est
"
i s
a f
a v 0
r i
t e
h a
u n t
0 f
pin
yon
ja
y s
, w
ax w
in S
5 ,
rob
ins,
n
uth
atc
hes,
an
d T
ow
nse
nd
's
so
lita
ires.
PON
DER
OSA
PI
NE
FOR
EST.
M
ost
of
the
fore
st
bo
rderi
ng
the
vall
ey
is
d
om
inat
ed
by
Po
nd
ero
sa
pin
e;
Do
ug
las
fir
is
fou
nd
in
so
me
mo
iste
r lo
cati
on
s,
and
lim
ber
p
ine
and
Roc~j
Mo
un
tain
Ju
nip
er
is
als
o
fou
nd
on
d
rier
slo
pes.
Loo~
for
nu
thatc
hes,
w
oo
dp
eck
ers,
d
ark
-ey
ed
jun
co
es,
m
ou
nta
in
blu
e-
bir
ds,
an
d p
iny
on
ja
ys.
POIN
TS
OF
INTE
RES
T
JJ (N
UM
BERE
D
DOTS
Ol~
TH
E M
AP)
11
1.
MOU
NT
HEL
ENA
. T
his
p
oin
t is
th
e h
igh
est
on
th
e m
ap
and
from
h
ere
the
en
tire
H
elen
a ar
ea
can
be
vie
wed
. M
uch
of
this
mo
un
tain
is
a
cit
y
par
k
and
co
nta
ins
a nu
mbe
r o
f tr
all
s
bu
t
1} no
ro
ad
s.
Nea
r th
e to
p
are
som
e ex
ten
siv
e
do
lom
ite
cli
ffs
J w
hich
ad
d to
th
e
div
ers
ity
o
f th
e g
rass
lan
d
and
co
nif
ero
us
fore
st
whi
ch
cov
ers
the
rem
ain
der
o
f th
e
mo
un
tain
. L
ook
for
"J"
mo
un
tain
b
lueb
ird
s,
wes
tern
ta
nag
ers
, la
zu
li
bu
nti
ng
s,
red
~
and
wh
ite-b
reast
ed
n
uth
atc
hes,
C
lark
's
nu
tcra
ck
ers
, br
own
1 cre
ep
ers
, an
d m
ou
nta
in
ch
ick
ad
ees.
-6
-
2.
~Bl
GULC
H (D
AV
IS
GU
LC
H).
A b
rush
y
cany
on
bo
tto
m
wit
h
som
e co
tto
nw
oo
ds
and
tall
sh
rub
s fl
ank
ed
by
Do
ug
las
fir
,
po
nd
ero
sa
pin
e,
and
dry
g
rass
lan
d.
Loo
k fo
r d
usk
y
fly
catc
hers
,
bla
ck
-bil
led
cu
cko
os,
ro
ck
wre
ns,
w
arb
lin
g
vir
eo
s,
rub
y
crow
ned
kin
gle
ts,
dar
k-e
yed
ju
nco
es,
an
d y
ello
w-r
um
ped
warb
lers
.
3.
UPP
ER
EAST
S
IDE
. T
he
Cit
y
of
Hel
ena,
esp
ecia
lly
th
is
are
a,
off
ers
go
od
bir
d
wat
chin
g.
Bes
ides
th
e fe
ed
ers
an
d cit
y
hab
itat
fou
nd
th
rou
gh
ou
t th
e
cit
y,
the
sou
ther
n
edge
o
f th
e
cit
y
abu
ts
the
pin
e-c
lad
fo
oth
ills
. A
mon
g th
e m
ore
un
usu
al
vis
ito
rs
seen
in
the
cit
y
lim
its
are
b
lue
gro
use
, sh
arp
-sh
inn
ed
ha
wk,
m
erli
n
an d
py
gmy
ow
l.
4.
GRA~
PIT
. T
his
la
rge
ex
cav
ati
on
is
fl
oo
ded
an
d fo
rms
a
"lak
e"
in
a se
mi-
ind
ust
rial
part
o
f to
\'in.
V
eget
atio
n
aro
un
d
the
pit
is
w
ell
-est
ab
lish
ed
an
d co
nsi
sts
of
wil
low
s an
d d
ecid
u
ous
trees.
Duc
ks
and
oth
er
wat
er
bir
ds
are
com
mon
ly
seen
h
ere
.
The
p
it
mu
st
be
vie
wed
o
nly
fr
om
the
road
, as
it
is
on
p
riv
ute
lan
d.
5.
FAIR
GR
OU
ND
S.
The
po
nd
at
the
edge
o
f th
e fa
ifg
rou
nd
s p
ark
ing
lo
t g
en
era
lly
h
as
som
e ta
me
wat
erfo
wl.
S
urr
ou
nd
ing
th
e are
a
is
som
e ri
pari
an
h
ab
itat
and
gro
ves
o
f d
ecid
uo
us
trees;
loo
k
for
mall
ard
s,
rin
g-b
ille
d
gu
lls,
bla
ck
-bil
led
m
agp
ies,
y
ello
w
warb
lers
, b
lack
-cap
ped
ch
ick
ad
ees,
ra
ven
s,
and
cro
ws.
6.
OLD
DRE
DG
ING
P
ILE
S.
Gol
d d
red
gin
g
sev
era
l d
ecad
es
ago
has
left
th
ese
g
rav
el
spo
ils
pil
es
whi
ch
are
now
p
art
ly v
eg
eta
ted
.
Man
y sh
rub
-nest
ing
b
ird
s m
ay
be foun~
her
e.
7.
SCRA
TCH
GRA
VEL
H
ILL
S.
Th
ese
hil
ls
rise
ab
rup
tly
fr
om
the
vall
ey
fl
oo
r to
an
ele
vati
on
o
f 5:~0
feet.
A
lth
ou
gh
p
art
ly
r; II f \ I I 1 i I q 11 I
I,
; i II ! ' ,II , I
H
'I I. '11 JI 11 lJ II Jf 11 11 ]t
,J
-7
-
cov
ered
by
fo
rest,
th
ese
h
ills
are
q
uit
e
dry
. L
ook
for
ch
ip-
pin
g
sparr
ow
s,
red
-bre
ast
ed
n
uth
atc
hes,
p
iny
on
ja
ys,
T
ow
nse
nd
's
so
lita
ires,
and
Co
op
er'
s h
awk
s.
8.
ODD
FELL
OW
S CEt~ETERY.
The
m
any
tall
tr
ees
her
e are
an
att
racti
ve
roo
st
for
man
y tr
ee-l
ov
ing
sp
ecie
s.
In
win
ter,
lo
ok
for
pin
e g
rosb
eak
s,
even
ing
g
rosb
eak
s,
and
hair
y
and
dow
ny
wo
od
pec
ker
s.
9.
SIL
VE
ji
CR
EEK
. T
he
bru
shy
b
ank
s o
f th
is
smal
l st
ream
att
ract
such
b
ird
s as
co
mm
on
yell
ow
thro
ats
. y
ello
w
warb
lers
,
lazu
li
bu
nti
ng
s,
and
log
gerh
ead
an
d (i
n
win
ter)
n
ort
hern
sh
rik
es.
10
. ST
AN
FIE
LD
'S
LAN
E.
A p
ub
lic
road
le
ad
s to
a
pri
vate
b
rid
ge
ov
er
Pri
ck
ly
Pea
r C
reek
. B
ird
watc
hers
are
w
elco
me
to
wal
k
ov
er
the
bri
dg
e
and
a sh
ort
d
ista
nce
dow
n th
e ro
ad.
Th
is
lan
e
is
pri
me
rip
ari
an
h
ab
itat
and
man
y w
oo
dla
nd
sp
ecie
s ca
n be
v
iew
ed
here
.
11
. FL
OW
EREE
ROA~.
Th
is
road
p
ass
es
thro
ug
h
past
ure
la
nd
an
d
alo
ng
a
mea
nd
erin
g
str
etc
h
of
Pri
ck
ly
Pea
r C
reek
. B
ird
s o
f
the
open
fi
eld
s,
road
sid
e,
and
rip
ari
an
h
ab
itat
can
be
o
bse
rved
alo
ng
th
is
rou
te
whi
ch
off
ers
an
ab
bre
via
ted
sa
mp
lin
g
of
the
vall
ey
.
12
. R
EGU
LATI
NG
R
ESE
RV
OIR
. O
ne
of
the
best
b
ird
w
atch
ing
p
laces
in
the
en
tire
are
a
is
this
m
an-m
ade
lak
e.
Whe
neve
r th
ere
is
I op
en
wate
r (M
arch
to
D
ecem
ber)
th
ere
ar
e nu
mer
ous
specie
s fo
un
d
J) h
ere
, o
ften
in
clu
din
g
rare
m
igra
nts
an
d su
mm
er
vis
ito
rs.
Dri
vin
g
aro
un
d
the
rese
rvo
ir
is
pro
hib
ited
b
ut
a le
isu
rely
w
alk
al
on
g
;1 it
s
sho
re
is
wel
l w
ort
h
the
tim
e.
The
ri
pari
an
v
eg
eta
tio
n
alo
ng
th
e
sho
re
is
dev
elo
pin
g
and
the
hab
itat
is
gett
ing
b
ett
er
each
y
ear.
B
esid
es
the
man
y sp
ecie
s o
f d
uck
s,
loo
ns,
g
reb
es,
, 1
-8
-
swan
s,
hero
ns,
co
rmo
ran
ts,
and
man
y sh
ore
bir
ds
can
be
view
ed
at
vari
ou
s ti
mes
o
f th
e
year.
13
. H
AU
SER
LAK
E.
The
ro
ad
to
Yor
k p
asse
s clo
se
by
this
la
ke
and
wate
r b
ird
s ca
n
oft
en
be
se
en.
Th
is
part
o
f th
e
area
is
one
of
the
dri
est
in
the
sta
te.
The
lo
w
hil
ls
are
sp
ars
ely
veg
eta
ted
, p
rov
idin
g
hab
itat
for
lark
sp
arro
ws,
B
rew
er's
sparr
ow
s,
and
v
esp
er
sparr
ow
s.
14
. C
AT
TA
ILS.
A
ver
y
smal
l st
ream
(f
ed
p
art
ly
by
leak
age
of
the
Reg
ula
tin
g
Rese
rvo
ir)
sup
po
rts
a sm
all
catt
ail
m
arsh
h
ere
.
Bir
ds
in
this
ri
pari
an
sett
ing
ca
n be
vi
ewed
easi
ly
from
th
e
road
. R
ed-w
ing
ed
bla
ck
bir
ds
can
be
seen
n
earl
y year-ro~nd,
and
a care
ful
loo
k
mig
ht
rev
eal
a lo
ng
-bil
led
m
arsh
w
ren
or
a so
ra.
15
. S
ID
MA
RT
IN'S
O
VER
LOO
K.
A m
ediu
m
larg
e
po
nd
ero
sa
pin
e on
the
wes
t si
de
of
the
road
m
arks
th
is
van
tag
e p
oin
t o
ver
loo
kin
<
the
low
er
end
o
f L
ake
Hel
ena.
E
ast
of
the
road
is
a
hil
lsid
e
of
gra
ssla
nd
s an
d ju
nip
er.
B
etw
een
this
p
oin
t an
d th
e
lak
e is
a p
ast
ure
an
d so
me
rip
ari
an
sh
rub
s.
Alt
ho
ug
h
the
duck
s an
d
gee
se
are
at
som
e d
ista
nce,
this
sp
ot
is
part
icu
larl
y
good
fo
r
ob
serv
ing
b
ald
eag
les
in
the
win
ter
and
earl
y
spri
ng
. W
inte
r-
kil
led
fi
sh
att
ract
these
g
reat
bir
ds
as
the
ice
mel
ts
in
Mar
ch.
A s
can
w
ith
th
e
bin
ocu
lars
m
ay
rev
eal
a h
alf
-do
zen
o
r m
ore
eag
les
pati
en
tly
sit
tin
g
on
the
ice.
Sh
ort
ly
aft
er
the
ice
is
co
mp
lete
ly
melt
ed
, th
e
eag
les
dis
pers
e
and
are
on
ly
rare
ly
seen
d
uri
ng
th
e
sum
mer
. A
larg
e
gre
at
blu
e h
ero
n
colo
ny
ca
n
be
seen
acro
ss
the
Tak
e.
Hug
e fl
ock
s o
f su
ch
bir
ds
as
wh
ite
peli
can
s (2
00
o
r m
ore
),
pin
tail
s
(up
to
25
,00
0),
sn
ow
gee
se
(10
,00
0)
, an
d w
his
tlin
g
swan
s ca
n be
se
en
du
rin
g
mig
rati
on
.
I I
. I
f I II 11 , ,. { lJ ,I
\ ': I
I,
/
jJ l
j' , ~ I
H
Ii I ~}
} -
9 -
CAU
SEW
AY
. D
esp
ite
gre
at
num
bers
o
f fi
sher
men
at
this
sit
e,
" 1
6.
i.: m
any
op
en-w
ater
sp
ecie
s ca
n be
se
en
. T
his
p
lace
is
the
on
ly
pu
bli
c
acce
ss
to
Lak
e H
elen
a.
Loo
k fo
r w
est
ern
, eare
d,
and
ho
rned
g
reb
es,
as
w
ell
as
com
mon
lo
on
s an
d g
old
en
ey
es.
17
. RO
AD
TO
HA
USE
R DA
M.
Th
is
road
cro
sses
a d
ry
up
lan
d,
then
4~ til
dro
ps
dow
n to
th
e
wate
r's
edg
e p
ast
so
me
steep
cli
ffs.
Th
is
f, (1 (; n I,. q U
~ ; l'
vari
ety
o
f h
ab
itat
gen
era
lly
p
rov
ides
go
od
watc
hin
g.
18.
NO
RTH
ERN
ED
GE
OF
THE
VA
LLEY
. T
his
are
a
co
nta
ins
the
----
--
---
------
tran
sit
ion
fr
om
the
dry
g
rass
lan
ds
of
the
vall
ey
ed
ge
to
Po
nd
ero
sa
pin
e sa
van
nah
o
f th
e
sli
gh
tly
h
igh
er
ele
vati
on
s.
A
larg
e
pra
irie
do
g to
wn
can
be
fo
un
d
near
this
p
oin
t,
and
oft
en
su
pp
ort
s a
pair
o
f b
urr
ow
ing
o
wls
.
19
. ~LUE
SIL
OS
. T
his
o
ver
loo
k
from
th
e
road
ca
n be
re
war
din
g
at
cert
ain
ti
mes.
O
pen
wat
er
specie
s ca
n be
se
en
on
this
pa
rt
of
Lak
e H
elen
a.
Mat
ing
d
isp
lay
s o
f th
e
wes
tern
g
reb
e h
ave
bee
n
ob
serv
ed
from
th
is
po
int.
20
. M
ASO
NIC
H
OM
E.
The
d
riv
e
by
the
Mas
on
ic
Hom
e ca
n y
ield
specie
s o
f th
e
road
sid
e,
past
ure
, an
d cro
pla
nd
. G
reat
h
orn
ed
owls
an
d re
d-t
ail
ed
ha
wks
n
est
in
th
e
tall
co
tto
nw
oo
ds
nea
rby
.
~
Th
is
bo
ok
let
was
co
mp
iled
by
L
ynn
Bra
nt,
G
eorg
e H
olt
on
,
Sid
M
art
in,
and
Lar
ry
Tho
mps
on.
Mos
t o
f th
e
info
rmati
on
co
nta
ined
h
ere
in
was
co
nd
ense
d
from
y
ears
o
f care
ful
ob
serv
ati
on
of
the
Val
ley
at
all
se
aso
ns
by
Sid
M
arti
n
and
Geo
rge
Ho
lto
n.
The
au
tho
rs
wel
com
e an
y ad
dit
ion
s o
r co
rrecti
on
s w
hic
h
mig
ht
mak
e th
is
bo
ok
let
mor
e v
alu
ab
le
for
use
in
fu
ture
ed
itio
ns.
$c.I
IA-r
c. ..
G&
""
.c..
-7
H
1C.&
.oS
~
::1 '"
t 0
t l-
I I
LIN
C.O
L to
! Ro~O
~
~\ I ~
III
71
\ o eo
'" £.
iJ J
lit 1
J I
,. ..
14
-
t
.....
n\l
N
HEL
EN" 1
V~llE.,( .-
If
] L;
.
1 ] A
BB
REV
IATI
ON
S
-13
-
SPE
CIE
S A
CCO
UN
TS
n 1 B
b
reed
ing
re
cord
s est
ab
lish
ed
b b
reed
ing
b
ased
on
st
ron
g
cir
cu
mst
an
tial
evid
ence
r J M
S
Sp
rin
g
and
fall
m
igra
nt
on
ly
Sum
mer
v
isit
or,
no
ev
iden
ce
of
bre
edin
g
1 .J W
re
gu
larl
y
win
teri
ng
b
ird
w =
Occ
asio
nal
ly
win
ters
(s
een
on
5
or
few
er
Ch
rist
mas
co
un
ts)
II 0
occasi
on
al,
accid
en
tal,
o
r ca
sual
] *
Bas
ed
on
few
er
than
th
ree
reco
rds
**
Bas
ed
on
on
ly
one
reco
rd
II ] A
BUN
DA
NCE
S:
r ra
re;
u un
com
mon
; c
com
mon
; a
abu
nd
ant;
o =
accid
en
tal
r ]f
Spe
cies
an
d S
tatu
s j
Seas
on
Mos
t W
here
See
n A
bun-
Hab
itat
L
ikel
y Se
en
(Sto
[l N
umbe
r) da
nce
li ]I
Com
mon
Loon
(S
,M)
sp,
fa
12
, 1
3,
16
u O
pen
wat
er
. H
orne
d G
rebe
(S
, M)
sp
, su
, fa
12
, 13
, 16
u
Ope
n w
ater
r E
ared
G
rebe
(b
) sp
, su
, fa
1
2,
13
, 16
c
Ope
n W
ater
I ]
Wes
tern
G
rebe
(B
w)
! }
sp,s
u,f
a 1
2,1
3,1
6
c O
pen
Wat
er
Pie
d-b
ille
d G
rebe
(B
w)
sp,s
u,f
a 1
2,1
3,1
6
r O
pen
wat
er
r ]
Whi
te
Pel i
can
(S)
sp,s
u,f
a 1
2,1
3,1
6
c O
pen
wat
er
Dou
ble-
cres
ted
Cor
mor
ant
su
12
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c
Ope
n w
ater
{! (B
) ]
Gre
at B
lue
Her
on
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) sp
,su
12
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c
Str
eam
s,
sho
reli
nes
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lack
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ight
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16
r
Sho
reli
nes
Her
on
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11 j A
mer
ican
B
itte
rn (
m)
sp
14
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r
Mar
sh
Whi
te-f
aced
Ib
is
(0*)
sp
19
0
Sho
reli
nes
Whi
stli
ng S
wan
(M
W)
sp,f
a 1
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3,1
6
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pen
wat
er
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anad
a G
oose
(B
W)
sp,s
u,f
a 1
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6
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er,
fiel
ds,
sho
re
. ,
c <
j
.. ' ~
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te-f
ront
ed G
oose
(M
) w
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Snow
G
oose
(M
) sp
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Ros
s' G
oose
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) sp
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- 12
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16
12,1
3,16
12,l
3,16
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Ope
n w
ater
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c O
pen
wat
er
r O
pen
wat
er
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alla
rd
(BW
)
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wal
l (b
w)
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tail
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W)
wi ,
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a 9,
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2,13
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ater
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en-w
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eal
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)
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e-w
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d T
eal
(bw
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nam
on
Tea
l (m
)
Eur
opea
n W
igeo
n (0
**)
Am
eric
an
Wig
eon
(bw
)
Nor
ther
n S
hove
ler
(b)
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d D
uck
(bw
)
Red
head
(m
)
Rin
g-ne
cked
D
uck
(S)
Can
vasb
ack
(S)
Gre
ater
Sca
up
(0**
)
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ser
Scau
p (S
w)
sp,s
u, f
a
sp,s
u,r
a
sp
,su
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sp,s
u,r
a
sp,f
a
May
3,
19
73
sp,s
u,f
a
sp,s
u,f
a
sp,s
u,f
a
Sp~f2
sp,s
u,f
a
sp,5
u,f
a
Seen
19
75
sp,s
u,f
a
12,1
3,16
12,1
3,16
12,1
3,16
12,1
3,16
12,1
3,16
12
12,1
3,16
12,1
3,16
12,1
3,16
12,1
3,16
12,1
3,16
12,1
3,16
12,1
3,16
Com
mon
G
olde
neye
(S
W)
wi,
sp,s
u,f
a 12
,13,
16
Bar
row
's
Gol
dene
ye
(SW
) w
i,sp
,su
,fa
12,1
3,16
Buf
fleh
ead
(Sw
) w
i ,sp
,su
,fa
Old
squa
w
(0*
*)
Dec
.14,
1969
Whi
te-w
inge
d S
cote
r (0
**)
sp,f
a
Rudd
y D
uck
(S)
Hoo
ded
Mer
gans
er
(0)
Com
mon
r~
erga
nser
(b
W)
su,f
a
sp,f
a
sp,s
u,f
a
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-bre
aste
d M
erga
nser
(S
w)
sp,s
u,f
a
Tur
key
Vul
ture
(S
w)
Gos
haw
k (w
)
sp,s
u
wi
12,1
3,16
16
12,1
3,16
12,1
3,16
12,1
3,16
12,1
3,16
11,1
5,19
1,2,
17
c W
ater
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lds,
sho
re p
a W
ater
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lds,
sho
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j
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ater
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pen
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ater
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ater
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ater
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re
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ater
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res
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ater
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reli
nes
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ater
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reli
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ater
u W
ater
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reli
nes
c O
pen
wat
er
u O
pen
wat
er
u O
pen
wat
er
o O
pen
wat
er
o O
pen
wat
er
u O
pen
wat
er
r O
pen
wat
er
c O
pen
wat
er
u O
pen
wat
er
II 11 II n n q ; J
If
J 1 J
u P
astu
res,
cott
onw
oods
\1
r T
rees
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ick
ets
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I f ( Sha
rp-s
hinn
ed H
awk
(bw
)
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per's
Ha
wk
(bw
)
I f R
ed-t
aile
d Ha
wk
(B)
Sw
ains
on's
Ha
wk
(b)
" R
ough
-leg
ged
Hawk
(W
)
,;
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rugi
nous
Haw
k (0
)
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den
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le
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)
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ald
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sh
Hawk
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W)
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spre
y (S
)
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falc
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irie
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con
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I r. IT P
ereg
rine
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con
(w)
Mer
l in
(bW
)
f ~ A
mer
ican
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estr
el
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)
Blu
e G
rous
e (w
)
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sp,s
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su
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sp,s
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w)
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sp,s
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g-ne
cked
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heas
ant
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) w
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p,s
u,f
a
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1,7,
17
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rees
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ick
ets
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rees
, th
ick
ets
10,1
1,15
,19,
20 u
C
otto
nwoo
ds
9,1
0,l
L1
3
r F
ield
s,p
astu
res
8,10
,11,
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9 c
FIe
lds,
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ture
s
15,1
8,20
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Fie
lds,
pas
ture
s
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12,1
3,16
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pen
gra
ssla
nd
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ff5
u i~
ear
wat
er
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,15,
19
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et m
eado
ws
16,1
9 u
Ope
n w
ater
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lds,
pas
ture
s
9,18
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ield
s,p
astu
res
20,1
1 r
Fie
lds,
pas
ture
s
1,2,
17
r T
rees
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ick
ets
4-6,
10,1
1,20
c
Tre
es,g
rass
lan
d
1-3,
7,17
r
Th i
cket
s
11,1
4.19
,20
r G
rass
lan
d,t
hic
ket
s
11,1
4,15
,19
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hic
ket
s,fi
eld
s
r ~
Gra
y P
artr
idg
e (B
W)
~ S
andh
ill
Cra
ne
(B)
Vir
gini
a R
ail
(0*)
wi,
sp,s
u,f
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0 c
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lds,
gra
ssla
nd
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ora
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Am
eric
an
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t (b
w)
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mip
alm
ated
P
love
r (M
)
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ldee
r (B
W)
fe B
lack
-bel
lied
Plo
ver
(M)
-Co
mm
on S
nipe
(B
W)
f~
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g-bi
lled
Cur
lew
(b
)
sp,s
u,f
a 12
,14,
15,1
9
sp,f
a
su
sp,s
u,f
a,w
i
sp,r
a
sp,s
u,f
a
sp ,f
a
sp,s
u,f
a
14,1
9
14,1
9
12,1
3,15
12,1
3,16
,19
12-1
4,16
,19
12,1
6,19
12,1
9
c W
et m
eado
ws,
fiel
ds
r M
arsh
es
u M
arsh
es
c O
pen
wat
er
u S
hore
s
a S
hore
s,m
arsh
es
u S
hore
s
c M
arsh
es,w
et m
eado
ws
sp,s
u
10-12,:~,15,19
u M
oist
gr
assl
and
t~h'
jmb"
'el
(O"P
.:i:';
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and
Sari
dpip
e.-
(0)
Spu
tted
San
dpip
er (
S)
SOlit~ry
San
dpip
er (
b)
Wi 1
1~t
(S)
Gre
ilte
r Y
ello
wle
gs
(M)
Less
et'
Yel
1cw
h,gs
(i'
1)
Hai
ra's
San
dpip
er i
M)
Dur
ii in
(M
*)
-1
6-
July
16,
1977
-
sp,f
a
sp,s
u
sp, s
u
sp,s
u
sp,s
u, f
a
sp,s
u,f
a
sp,f
a
sp,f
a
9,1
1,1
8,1
9
10
-12
,16
,19
12
,13
,16
10
,12
,16
,19
10
,12
,13
,16
10
,12
,13
,16
12
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,16
12
,13
,16
Lo
ng
-bi
11(;
0 D
owitc
herC
,'1)
sp,s
u,f
a 1
2,1
3,1
6
Sem
ipal
mat
ed S
andp
iper
i M
) sp
,fa
Mad
.lled
G
od",i
t (5
)
San
del']
ing
(1
'4)
Am
eric
an
Avo
cet
(S)
Bla
ck-n
ecke
d S
tiit
(0*
)
Wil
son'
s P
hala
rope
(b
)
Nor
thel
'O
Phal
,"ro
pe
(r~)
Par
asit
ic J
aege
r (0
*)
Cal
ifor
nia
Gul
l (S
w)
Rln
g-bi
l10d
Gul
l (S
w)
Fra
nk
lin
's G
Ull
(5)
Bon
apar
te's
Gul
l (M
)
Com
mon
Ter
n (t1
)
Bla
ck T
",rn
(M
)
Rock
D
ove
(oW
)
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rnin
g D
ave
(B)
Bla
ck-b
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d CUCkOD(~)
Sex
eE:c
h OW
l (v
i)
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u
sp ,
fa
sp,s
u,f
a
su,f
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su
sp,f
a
sp,f
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sp,s
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sp,s
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sp,s
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12
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19
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6
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12
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12
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12
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12
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0,8
10,1
1,15
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2,4
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2,5
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0
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ores
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gr
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and
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ores
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r Sh
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c Sh
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c O
pen
wat
er
r O
pen
wat
er
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pen
wat
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ps
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ater
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arsh
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ield
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u O
pen
wat
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u O
pen
wat
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c B
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c T
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l sh
rubs
r C
otto
nwoo
d fo
rest
r W
oods
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kets
1 I '}. I j >, '} J 1 J 1 l I J \
1 ] G
reat
Hor
ned
Owl
(BW
)
Snow
y Ow
l (W
)
~ P
ygm
y Ow
l (b
w)
Bur
row
ing
Owl
(B)
] S
hort
-ear
ed O
wl
(BW
)
, Co
mm
on
Nig
htha
wk
(b)
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-
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sp,s
u,r
a 8
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Cot
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rass
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1
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sp,s
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sp,s
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9
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ssla
nd
su
10
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,14
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a
Ove
r w
ater
Ruf
ous
Hum
min
gbird
(M
) sp
,fa
~ C
alli
ope
Hum
min
gbird
(M
) sp
,fa
3,4
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u
Flow
erin
g sh
rubs
3,4
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u
Flow
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g sh
rubs
Bel
ted
Kin
gfis
her
(bw
) sp
,su
10
,12
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,19
c
Str
eam
s,sh
ores
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omm
on
Fli
cker
(BW
)
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is'
Woo
dpec
ker
(0)
1 Hai
ry
Woo
dpec
ker
(bW
)
Down
y W
oodp
ecke
r (b
W)
"I E as
te rn
K
i ngb
i rd
(b
)
Wes
tern
K
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ird
(b)
Say
's P
hoeb
e (b
)
] W
este
rn
Fly
catc
her
(b)
Wes
tern
W
ood
PeloJ
ee
(b)
J Hor
ned
Lark
(B
W)
Vio
let-
gree
d Sw
allo
w
(b)
'jT
ree S
wal
low
(B
)
Ban
k Sw
allo
w
(B)
Rou
gh-w
inge
d Sw
allo
w
(b)
J Bar
n Sw
allo
w
(B)
Cli
ff S
wal
low
(B
)
] G
ray
Jay
(w)
Blu
e Ja
y (0
*)
J Ste
ller'
s Ja
y (w
)
wi,
sp,s
u,f
a 1
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,5,8
,10
c
Cot
tonw
oods
sp,f
a 9
,18
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Sca
tter
ed t
rees
wi,
sp,s
u,f
a
wi,
sp,s
u,f
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sp,s
u
sp,s
u
sp,s
u
sp ,s
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su
wi,
sp,s
u,f
a
su
sp,s
u
sp,s
u
sp,s
u
sp,s
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Su
wi
sp,f
a
wi
1,2
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0,2
0
1,2
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0,2
0
9-1
2, 1
9 ,2
0
9,1
1,1
8,2
0
9,1
1, 1
8
2,7
,17
1-5
,10
,20
9,1
1,1
2,1
8,2
0
1-3
1-4
,10
,19
9-1
1,1
5,1
7
9-1
1, 1
4
c C
otto
nwoo
ds
c C
otto
nWO
Ods
c T
all
shru
bs
u S
hrub
s,gr
assl
and
u B
uil
din
gs,
fiel
ds
u M
oist
fo
rest
s
c T
all
tree
s
a G
rass
land
,cro
plan
d
c C
liff
s,fo
rest
edg
es
a Sn
ags
near
wat
er
a St
ream
bank
s
c N
ear
wat
er
1-5
,8,9
,19
,20
a
Bui
ldin
gs,b
ridg
es
1-3
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1,2
0
c C
liff
s,b
uil
din
gs
1-3
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7
u C
onif
ers
o T
rees
,tal
l sh
rubs
1-3
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7
u C
onif
ers
-1
8-
Bla
ck-b
ille
d M
agpi
e (B
W)
sp,s
u,f
a,w
i 4-
6,8,
10-2
0
Com
mon
R
aven
(S
W)
wi ,
sp,f
a 9-
12,1
4,18
,20
Comm
on
Crow
(b
w)
sp,s
u,f
a 10
,11,
19,2
0
Piny
on
Jay
(bW
) sp
,su
15,1
7
Cla
rk's
Nut
crac
ker
(W)
wi
1-2,
13,1
7
Bla
ck-c
appe
d C
hick
adee
(bW
) w
i,sp
,su
,fa
2-5,
10,1
2,15
Mou
ntai
n C
hick
adee
(b
W)
wi,
sp,s
u,f
a 1-
3,7,
17
Whi
te-b
reas
ted
Nut
hatc
h w
i,sp
,su
,fa
1-4,
7,17
(b
W)
Red
-bre
aste
d N
utha
tch(
bW)
wi,
sp,s
u,f
a 1-
3,7,
17
Pygm
y N
utha
tch
(bw
)
Brow
n C
reep
er
(bw
)
Dip
per
(bW
)
Hou
se
Wre
n (B
)
Lon
g-bi
lled
Mar
sh
Wre
n (B
w)
Rock
W
ren
(B)
Gra
y C
atbi
rd
(B)
Brow
n T
hras
her
(0)
Sage
Thr
ashe
r (b
)
Am
eric
an
Rob
in
(BW
)
Her
mit
Thr
ush
(M)
Sw
ains
on's
Thr
ush
(M)
Vee
ry
(b)
Mou
ntai
n B
lueb
ird
(B)
sp,s
u 7,
17
sp,s
u 1-
3,7,
17
wi ,
sp,s
u,f
a 13
,17
su
5,6,
10,1
9,20
sp,s
u,f
a 14
su
1-3,
7,17
su
5,8,
10,1
9,20
su
9-11
,15
su
9,15
,18
sp,s
u,f
a 1-
6,10
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1 'I . t I ' I " 1 I
i'Jongame Advisory Council and Nongame Wildlife Funding Bill--~ 787
What This bill places a check-off box on the Montana state income tax form which enables Montanans to contribute $2, $5 or $10 to the nongame wildlife program by either donating it out of their tax refund or adding the amount to the +axes owed.
This bill also creates a Nongame Advisory Council, a governor appointed 'CItIzens committee which will advise the Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks on the management of nongame wildlife.
wny The 1973 Montana nongame and Endangered Species Act requires the state to manage nongame wildlife "for human enjoyment, for scientific purposes, and to insure their perpetuation as members of ecosystems." (87-5-103 jv!CA)
Funding for the current nongame wildlife prograJll has come primarily from sportmen's licensing fees. That current small program ($44,000) may weI] go in 1982 given the budget crunch of the Department of Fish, Ivildlife and Parks. Another funding source is badly needed.
This is the funding of a public responsibilitiy by those--and only those--who "'ish to participate. It is a convenient way for those interested to yolutarily pitch in and help: the photographer, hiker, plain citizen.
Taxes o.ved and Tax Refunds
The propc.:;al enables taxpayers to "check-off" or "add-on" money that will go to the nongame wildlife program. A taxpayer having a refund coming may "check-off" in a box provided a small sum that will be deducted from his refund. A taxpayer required to pay additional taxes, may "add-on" an equally small amount.
In 1979, 50% of the Montana taxpayers owed taxes on their tax forms. Tn 198D the number owing taxes was 46%. 111e tax "check-off" and "'add-on" enables all !'.10ntano. taxpayers to contribute monies to the nongame wildlife program.
Nongame Programs in Other States:
As of July, 1980, 27 states were funding nongame wildlife programs and 7 were developing such programs. Sources of money for these programs include state general funds, a sales tax, voluntary donations, tax form check-offs, and the sale of personalized auto tags, t-shirts, wildlife stamps and shoulder patches.
Montana has tried selling nongame certificates to help fund the nongame wildlife prograrrl--a $5 c.ertificate purchased where hunting licenses were sold. Last year only $600 was raised by this means. Alternative funding programs used in other states have been examined: sales of personalized auto tags is preempted in Montana, a state sales tax is not feasible. The income tax check-off has been successful in other states and is workable in Montata.
The Check-off System in Other States:
Six states cUTrently have a check-off box for nongame wildlife on their.tax forms. Several other states are trying to get similar programs started now. Those six states are Colorado, Oregon, Utah, Kansas, Kentucky and Minnesota.
Colorado lvas the first state with a tax form check-~ff, starting that, 'program in 1978. Oregon taxpayers have had one year (1980) to contribute by this means. The other four states are collecting money for their nongame wildlife program through tax check-offs for the first time this year.
l11e success of the tax check-off fund raiser has been incredible in Colorado and Oregon:
Amount of Money Per cent (%) of Average State Year Raised Taxpayers Contributing Contribution ---
Colorado' 1978 $350,000 9% $3.85
1979 $500,00.0
1980 $650,000 12% $5.00
Oregon 1980' $345,000 9% $3.66
~1ontana had 362,000 tax forms filed iI1 1979 and 367, 000 filed in 1980 .. Considering the above infonnation, Montana can expect to raise at'least $75,000.
Portland, OR Oregon Journal (Cir. D. 106,773)
FEB 19 \980
Jllltrt'. P. C. B E.<r. 1888
T9~~payers go 'wild' for wildlife By JOSEPH R. SAND and some taxpayers have been writing in $150,000. However, he said he feit some
SALEM (UPI) - A spot check of early larger amounts. Those returns have to go would donate more, so, "My guess Is Oregon Income tax returns Indicates back for corrections. about $200,000 this first year." about 10 percent of the taxpayers are do- 'The theme for the new fund Is "Do Sen. John Powell, D-Halsey. was chair-Ing something· "wlld" with their tax re- , Something Wild," and the extra contribu- man of the Senate Revenue Committee' fund - donating It to a non-game wildlife tions prompted Ron Shay. information of- and carried the bill In the Senate. He said fund. , fleer. for the Fish and Wildlife Depart· . he backed the bill "because it Is simply a
The 1979 Legislature established the ment, to say: "00 something wild. but not matter of fact that we have not. over the fund which Is designed to give the Fish too Wild." years, provided any kInd' of program for and Wildlife Department money to help When the measure to set up the fund non-game wlldllfe. ' . protect and preserYe non-game wildlife was In the Legislature, It was noted that a "We don't know, for example • .what is and their habitats. similar law was ..enacted in Colorado in happening to a.lot of wildlife In Oregon.
Carol Wisner •. D.ep,anroenU)(, ~evenue •.. 1977 but with a maximum $10 contribu-. This will at least allow some Initial work said a spot check of some 25,000 early' . tlon. Taxpayers of Colorado donated on finding out about non-game wildlife," Income tax returns Indicate about 10 per- $355,000 the, first year which brought Powell said. cent of the taxpayers are checkIng the legislative speculation that Oregon, with Shay said. loWe know what creatures box to donate $1, $3 ot $5 to the wildlife fewer taxpayers, could expect about we have In the state." There are. about 500, fund.' $280,000. , . species of non-game birds and animals In
, There has been one problem. The law Shay said he feels that estimate is high. Oregon. t provided that only donations oUhe specl- H 10 percent of the 1.5 million taxpayers But, he added, the department doesn't fled dollar amounts could go t~ the fund donate $1, the fund would realize know where the critical areas are, what
areas the state should acquire to protect· non-game species.
For Instance. Shay said, checks need to be made on scarce non-game wildlife such as bald eagles and spotted owls. And, It may be decided the.state needs some small ponds in wetlands or some salt marshes on the coast to preserve key habitats.
Until now, the state's non-game activities have been financed by about $150.000 in license fees. Shay sald that clearly Isn't enough to do an adequate job of ensuring
• a future for the non-game creatures. #'. ('." ,
'., .. ' - ,I _,Ii ....• , .•. "." ,',' ••••• ~.:.:.~ .... ~ ,'~ .• " ,"' '".: :< .....
NONGN1E ADVISORY COUNCIL AND NONGN1E WILDLIFE FUNDING BILL--HB 787
Nongame wildlife is also known as "Watchable Wildlife"--those creatures not usually hunted or fished. The Mountain Bluebird and Flying Squirrel are two examples of more than 600 nongame animals in Montana. Game, furbearers and predators are excluded from the nongame definition as shown below.
The 1973 Montana Nongame and Endangered game wildlife "for human enjoyment, for perpetuation as members of ecosystems."
Species Act requires the state to manage nonscientific purposes, and to insure their
(87-5-103 Montana Code Annotated).
What This bill places a convenient check-off box on the Montana state income tax form which enables Montanans to voluntarily contribute $2, $5, or $10 to the nongame wildlife program.
Colorado, Kentucky, Minnesota, Oregon, Kansas, and now Utah have enacted this plan. Although this bill fell a few votes short in Montana's House last session, we feel it is time to try again as this has been very successful in other states. Based on these states, Montana can expect to raise $75,000.
This bill also creates a Nongame Advisory Council, a governor appointed citizens committee which will advise the Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks on the management of nongame wildlife.
Funding for the current nongame wildlife program has come primarily from sportsmen's licensing fees. That current small program ($44,000) may well go, given the budget crunch of the Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Another funding source'is needed.
This is not "just another" special fund. Wildlife has traditionally been supported by special funding programs (sportsmen's license fees support game management programs, for example). The "check-off" system follows in this tradition.
EXACTLY WHAT IS A NONGAME SPECIES?
Game"" Elk Ducks Geese Bear Trout Deer
Furbearer Mink Fisher Martin Otter Bobcat Canada Lynz Beaver Northern Swift Fox Muskrat Wolverine
Predator Coyote Skunks Weasels Civet Cat
Endangered Species Whopping Crane Black-footed Ferret Timber Wolf Peregrine Falcon
1c These are not complete lists of species.
**Please see 2) below.
Nongame1c
Masked Shrew Pika Grasshopper MOuse Raccoon Black-tailed Prairie Dog~'dC Snowshoe Hare Bison Big Brown Bat Yellow-bellied Marmot Northern Flying Squirrel Sagebrush Vole Whi te Pelican Woodpeckers Owls Golden Eagle Hummingbirds Hawks Sagebrush Lizard Western Toad Pumpkinseed Yellow Perch Osprey Great Blue Heron Bank Swallow California Gull Western Tanager Desert Cottontail White-tailed Jack Rabbit Least Chipmunk Killdeer
They are only examples.
AND TO CLARIFY SOME COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT HB 787
--Will ranching or farming operations The existing state laws protect culturalist; therefore, neither this communi ty. Here's why:
be affected? the land management practices of this bill or the nongame program
the agriwill affec t
1) Ihe DFWP has very little regulatory authority under the Nongame and Endangered Species Act. Before a nongame animal can be "managed" (should this ever become desirable), DFWP must first obtain legislative approval to reclassify the·animal "in need of management." The legislature has the final word.
2) No regulations could conflict with the landowners rights to control rodents or any other animal causing depradation because these rights are protected by Department of Livestock regulations.
3) Finally, the Nongame Advisory Council created by HB 787 will also act in guiding nongame policies.
--What about some obscure little species of mouse or bird being found and placed on the endangered species list?
Enormous gaps in knowledge exist concerning the animals in Montana, We don't know what we have. The best way to get an animal on the Federal Endangered Species list is to not know much about the animal. Montana should be able to identify and manage its own wildlife. We want to make sure that no-;or;-- -animals wind up on the endangered or threatened list.
--Won't other groups want the same check-off privilege? The answer is:' it hasn't happened in any state yet. The other groups are private groups so they can't use this system. This is the funding of public responsibility by those--and only those--who wish to participate.
--How would the money be spent? What can be done in a nongame wildlife program? There is so much to be done! Enormous gaps in knowledge exist. Adequate surveys need to be done, existing information needs to be pooled, educational and interpretive facilities could be developed, and much more.
As an example, Mountain Bluebird populations took a real plunge ten'years ago in various areas in MOntana. Bluebird nesting boxes, strategically placed, have helped stablize or increase the populations. This effort would not be productive if boxes were built wrong, placed wrong, or abused by unaware members of the public. Information gathering and public education are hence critical aspects of an effective nongame wildlife program.
Other program possibities include: 1) the continuation of raptor surveys 2) more information gathering and regulation of falcons taken for falconry;
the pressure on falcons is increasing due to the rising market value of birds as a result of the demand for falcons in other countries
3) an inventory and publication of Montana's reptiles and amphibians 4) information gathering on animals of special interest or concern to
Montanans, such as Osprey, Hoary Marmot, Golden Eagle, Northern Bog Lemming, Pileated Woodpecker, Long-Eared Owl, Wood Frog, Short-Nosed Gar, and many more.
A FINAL HORD .. .. Proper management of nongame wildlife species will also be beneficial to game animals. With a better understanding of what wildlife resources Montana has, the balance that exists today can be maintained as Montana continues to grow.
[(e1'. Ken Non:itvedt rh~irJlPn Tax::>tion COffimi ttee ! ont::>wl House of Represent'3ti ves r" 'Ji tol S t~ tion Helen~, :t. 59620
· ~nie~ ..:u1J.i\'c.~
."," box 1E: Fl?nhattan, ; t. 59741
R~: NOJJi:;A~""E FlT!'FI!{G BILL. Flep.se incluoe the following comments ~s
pari of the official heRring recor::.
The 197'3 ! ontanp NOngR.me 2nd EndanB;ered Species Act requires the !I!::>ncH,:e'Tlent of nong<>me wilflife. The essential goc.ls of the Ict is to proviae h~~n enjoy~ent, scientific study 2nd perpetuption of h~~lthy non~pwe po~uhtions. The Ar:t is not funfed plthough I believe most ~onta.n::> citizew support the intent of the Act. Bec?use of incre"lsinl! costs of gR.!l'.e m<>n:o/C"'ment prOgr::>'T:S the rontan~ rep::>rtrnent of Fish, ~lildlife ~:md P::>yks will unlikely be ?ble to continue ~ny substa.ntial funfing for nonl!~r:;e.
tt 'Jresent supporters of nong2.me h?ve no convenient or orgpnizef method of fundincz: their interest. A methoci by which nOngRme supporters r.'l?Y voluntCl.rily contribute funds for nonR;p~e prOgrA.ms is now being presente:' to the legislature. The Nong;:une Funding Bill provides R check - off syste:c on the :ont?n::> state income t?X for:i.. This proposal woule: allow LontananE: to e::>r :T"rk :2, t5. $10 of their st::>te income tax refunci for nong8!T1e progr~,s. This will provic e ?~ convenient method of funding nongame progr?.TT'.s. The funds can be efficientl:' used because they will be pooled into e single fune Clnd administered by a single 2gency(Department of Fish, Wildlife and. Pa.rks). The rr.ethod of funding is voluntary. It is not" Tax.
The nonga.1T!e bill will not protect coyotes arri other predators. t.nimrlls that have been designated predators by law ca.n not be included in 2 nongC1me wildlife progra.m. Although rodents such 3.6 prairie dogs and B;Tound squirrels pre considered nongame the lontana Department of Livestock has the authority to control them as pests. The nonga.me porgram does not preclude Livestock's authority.
A corr.pClnion bill, the Citizens NongFlme frogra..lJl Advisory council Bill, should also be supported. The council, cOlT:posed of members .of the PPTicultur<>l. conservRtion and scientific communities, will provide brlhmced input to the r'ep;:Jrtment of FWP concerning the use of nongClJ'le funds ?nd progralT! direction.
The interest a.nd enjoyment of nongclme wildlife by :people is greater th3n ?ll other licensed uses of big game a.nd fish combined. Yet, efforts to m2.intc'lin an0 improve nongame populations is nearly nonexistant. Fass?ge 0: these bills will be ?n import~nt step in wildliIe management. I urge support of this legislation. Thank you for your consideration of this mCl.tter.
Sincerely,
D~" SI.-J....~\\J"'" Daniel Sullivan
;>,1/ 7 I ~ I t ~ II, ,-, I T
WITNESS STATEME~~
, fA: NAME ~\'} A. '/U""r
1 () . . (, .,~._ ADDRESS 1\1 P'/"..! , ,.~--
BILL No. ---<-1.....:;f_1 ____ _
DATE 2.- - I 7 - J' f
WHOM DO YOU REPRESENT __ ~'~J~~'~ ______________________________________ _
sUppoRT ____ ~~~ ____________ OPPOSE ______________ AMEND ____________ __
PLEASE LEAVE PREPARED STATEMENT WITH SECRETARY.
Comments:
POR!1 CS- 34 1-81 "
TESTIMo}TY OF lARRY S. THOJ-PSO:'
My name is larry S. Thompson, and I reside at 117 Pine Street,
Helena. I was born and raised in Kalispell, Montana, and I received a
bachelor's degree in zoology from Montana state University and a Master's
degree in zoology from Washington state University. For the last seven
years, I have been employed as a professional wildlife biologist.
I believe that a checkoff system, as proposed by HB 787, is the
best way of ensuring that the state's nongame wildlife program receives
adequa te funding. Why do we need to fund an exts-nded nongame program 1
In this statement, I'd like to point out a few specific projects which
an adequately funded nongame program could accomplish-- projects which
would prevent duplication of effort, and which would save money in the
long run.
1. PROVIDE A STATEWIDE DATA BASE. State and federal agencies are
under a legislative mandate to address nongame wildlife when prets-ring
environmental imtact statements on major actions. This often requires
that a full-scale inventory be catried out every time an EIS is written,
since there is no clearinghouse which agencies can call on to obtain
existing data. A concerted effort to compile existing nongame data by
habitat or region, and to keep tabs on all ongoing research, would stream
line the inventory process, prevent duplication, and save considerable
time and money.
2. DEVELOP STANDlRI' INVENTORY TECHNIQUES. Nongame inventories
currently under way in Montana often employ widely different survey
methods. This makes it difficult to extrapolate findings from one area
to another, or to identify regional ts-tterns or trends. An expanded nongame
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program could assist researchers in designing nongame studies so that. tIjf
results would be compatible with those of other studies. This could
eventually lead to a useful data base as different habitats and regions
are covered, a data mse which would reduce the amount of futute inventory
effort required.
3. IDENTIFY INDICATOR SPECIES OR COMMUNITIES FOR USE IN MONITORING.
Research to identify nongame indicators and to design effective nongame
monitoring techniques would be a valuable function of the state nongame
program, and could help cut costs of required long-term monitoring studies.
Nongame monitoring studies could be designed to identify the parameters
which influence population increases or declines.
4. IDENTIFY COST-EFFECTIVE MITIGATION TECHNIQUES. Mitigation of
wildlife losses is often required by law; the state nongame program could
coordinate researchto identify the most cost-effective means of mitigation,
again cutting costs in the long run. For ~ple, it may be found that
bluebird populations could be quickly and cheaply restored by providing
nest boxes.
5. COORDINATE VOLUNTEER EFFORTS. Many nongame research studies are
being carried out by volunteers, Audubon societies, and interested amateurs •
A few examples are the cooperative Breeding Bird Survey, the Christmas
Bird Counts, and roadside raptor surveys. These studies could provide
invaluable data on population trends and habitat requirements; however,
there is presently no money available to pay for the necessary data analysis.
These are just a few of the projects which Montana's nongame program
could accomplish with the funding provided by the checkoff s~tem. I chose
these examples to illustrate how the nongame program, by coordinating and
streamlining the many nongame studies which are already required by law t
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could increase efficiency and cut costs, while at the same time addin[
significanlly to our understanding of Montana's wildlife resource. I
feel this is important in light of the increasing public concern over
government spending and taxation. Users of the nongame resource also
need a convenient way to contribute to resource management. if they so
desire. I therefore strongly urge your support in providing funding
for Montana's nongame program b,y means of a voluntary tax checkoff donation.
·~o ... X1 C) I\...l 2.( II (?51 E X If ( {J ; r " I I,
/ 1 _______ 3 I LL NO. ____ _
2 INTRODUCED BY
3 dY REQUEST OF THE HOUSE TAXATION CO~MITTEE
~ A SILL FeR AN ACT E~TITL~D: "AN ACT TO REVISE THE ~IL~AGE
lHnT,'\TIO~!S ON TELEPHONE COM~UNICATIOMS EQUIP~~NT THAT
7 ')UALIFIES FOR CLASS SEVE~ TAXATF:N; AMENDING SECTION
10 2E IT ~NACTED 3Y THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MONTANA:
11 Section 1. Section 15-6-137, ~CA, is amended to re2d:
12 "15-6-137~ C1as~ s~ven property descri,Jtion
13 tdx2b1e percent~ge. {ll Class seven ~ra?prty includes:
14 (a) 1 ivestock, poultry, and unprocessed products of
16 (b) all property used and owned by persons, fir~s,
17 carp~rations, or other ory~nizations th2t QrG engaged in the
l~ business of furnishing tele9hone communications exclusiv21y
l~ to rural areas or to rural areas and cities and towns of 300
21 {e} all property owned by eooperGtiv~ rural elactric21
22 and cocp2rativf.;! rural t'e12pi1Gne ;~ssoeiaticns th:~t serve l("~~ss
tn~n 95% of the electricity consumers or telephone users
within th~ incorporat3d 1 imits of a city or to~n;
(~) electric transfor~ers and meters; electric 1 iqht
".-,'.);:',-;!' r i r:-
J
-t r. i s
i .::'j (;" .-::iltS l'
"iri c
Te ~u~lify for t~is
circclit. fer
11
,.
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STANDING COMMITTEE REPORT
........... ~>;4.;r.G:! .... l.~.I ................................. 19 .. tl .... .
- spr:;..~ MR .............................................................. .
- We, your committee on .................................................................. ~?~ ................................................................. .
.. having had under consideration ........................................................................................... ~ ........... Bill No ...... ~?~ .... . 'Ii BIr..!.. fO:~ A:~ 1~--r E:."?:IT"".wZO: tiA-': let w.P~"1UJ.Dr; '!h"T; :n~"U\ nlffi:;RITA.~ TA.'t AND A"!b.."TID~ 'm<h"""'t ~ -\':' AP?U "1:,) Tim IJ.lINIS1'Hl'{L'ICI'i CF ron! ~'!!c: nlP.E?.l'rR·tt TAX N.lO ~ !S'!7U'E !'AX; ~-.sE?-mnn Sirl'lOOS -1-532, 15-1aSO~, 72-1-Cll, 72-)-807, 72-3-100', 72-3-11a4, 72-4-304, 72-14-303, 72-16-101,
~~lG-·l02, 72-16-2al, 72--16-207, 72-16-~a, 72-16-210 'l!ffaJ:';H 72-16-212.. 72-16-214, 72-16-215, ~2-16-317, 7:-1£-431, 72-16-4~1, 72-16-443, 72-16-452, 72-16-453, 72-16-455, 72-1€-455, ~ -16-':53 1 72-1G-459, 7~-16-461, 72-16-465, 72-16-471, 72-1(,-502 ~! 72-~S04, 72-16-902 ~ro2i 72-16-305, 72-J.6-907, r.cA; ~::; stCTIaiS 35-21~22, 72-16"-202, 72-1(;-209, 72-16-213, 172-16-21u, 72-1€-301 T~r 72-1(-308, 72-16-311 'lEaQI 72-16-315, 72-16-31&, 72-16-319, ~. -If-321, 72-16-:122, 72-1E-331 ~'''1XlG!l 72-16-342, 72-1&-401 ,!~~:d 72-1HO), 72-16-411 ~_w:;.;: 7~16-425, 72-16-432 TH3J'.JG£i 72-16-440, 72-16-442, 72-1G-4S(l, 72-16-.t91 -r;.tnm 112-16-493, i2-1£-701 ~:n:a 7i-16-706, 72-16-801 'l'tm:n:;{ 72-16-805, AW 72-16-902, ~~ A"lD
n'1JT-DIi-?<::; po.n A\l 1:.PPT..,IO\BILITY t»\TE. IJ
--0
s::x:JSZ m _ Respectfully report as follows: That ............................................................................................................ Bill No .................. .
II -----_0.
- STATE PUB. CO. ···················m~···~·~trtIr!:Jt~············ch~i~·~~~:·· ...... .
Helena, Mont.
STANDING COMMITTEE REPORT
................ ~:~:::.r!~.~L.;.:~.I ..................... ....... 1 9 .. ~ .. :l .... .
sp-·· "I.--~';;> MR ................ ~':~~~~ ............................... ..
. f!'<" Y.A .... TO'l{ We, your committee on ........................................... :.-.:, .. ,:; ...................... ::~ ...... :':.~ ... : ......................................................... .
having had under consideration ............................................................................................ }~~ ............... Bill No ..... ~.~.~ ... ..
A BILL FOR An ]>~CT ~J::t'!'!'!.E:) ~ "AN l ... CT T~ tu"':VIS:; Tl:-::" A-Cn£AGE 1~L" .~;:riUl;.L GROSS I(ICO~ Qt:;'..LI!"IC.,.~'";~!O~iS ron 1\C1UCGI.TU?AL L1 .. ~-:D ASSi:ssrt!2:Ti ':'0 PROVI::>!:: ELIGIl;Il.ITY CRITr:n.::.t\ FOR J\SSESSMr::r: OF ~cm:;;\TIO::AL r.....;;m l~S '.GiUCt5LTDrG\!.i 1~-=;8I~m SECTIO:l 15-7-202, Y1CA. f!
Respectfully report as follows: That ......................... : ................................................................ J~ ........... Bill No~.~.~.,. ....... . second readinq (yellow), be .amended as follows:
1. 7itle, line 7. ;olloi41n?: -'.:I-!ltr'i::e: ·i.;~·Ci"'~~!;~~"rO!'"'.;~L LJ.·;"~.} t~!:·
Fol1c~iaq; ·~~RICUL7~C~L· Int!€'t't: • LA.;i~··
2. I't;qe 1, lim; 21 throu'll. Fa~jC 2 lin(' 1. Fol1o~in;: ·us~· on p~ge I, line 21 StrL};:'t"': lit'le ~l U.ro:2gt' ·pt'c.(ua~· on linE 1, pllge ~
3. ~~~e 2, lin~ l. Fc.l lr:·", i •• e;: ·~l!iv.elrnt of-lnocrt t II $,3" 3eO or"
~~ (Paqe 1 of 2 paqes)
STATE PUB. CO. Helena, Mont.
R~p. Ken Nordtvedt, Chairman.
"
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)
-2- ............. ~~~r.~;.! .... ~.~ . .( ............................... 19 .;X .... .
4. ~~qc 1, line 5. Fol1o~ing; ·oucpr~h!p·
I;lrJ~rtl ·en~ t~~~ C.'!ler 01 rf:cor:j mti~t ~t;~'\:·ly: (i) P~0Q! of the rrpviou~ Dr curr~nt ye~r's filinq of ~ fcj~r~l fisrrr:. an::) raneh i('\c,!~{! tAX stilte~C'nt; lin~
(i i) s copy of U.e rr~victif' or c:.orrent year ,(; c01'!:plc tpj C~t:nt:;~ {l'r:l\ Gn~ ranch iU:;'SEf"OSJ;",(:r.t forJ';.-
~. P~90~, lir.c 9. Follo~i"9: -f~r~s-tn~erts -lin:! tt:(: O .... ~7et" of record :;:,t;c:;t rrovl<Je '" c·opy of U:~ prcvlot:~ f)r ct.:rrent y(:·ar':: COt!l"lt~1 far'> z,!'l.:'! rllr.cn <~~Af"~~:"i(::":t. for~ tt£t sho~s that tte ~vcr~ae vCDr!v nu~~er of ~ni,a13 r~ise1 in con~ined l!ri:.:l!:> far the nrod\lrtlol; of !00.::1 (")rfi!:·~r .cr;t:~lf.' 20 ~r ~("Ire ani~~ls, or
(~) other clc~r and conqinclng evidence w
r.. P2:tC':':, l!nf'E Ie U~rC"ugh 1'-. Foll~uin~; 8(2)· StxH:e: li!"!t:!1J 1:) ttro~gh 12._1:l t.~\eir t':l'!tin:t!-' I:",!,·t'rt: ":'ny lll~~ ilcc('pte"" an~ ~p}:r0vt. .. j .1S a ,"ivision or l;:no r·y tnt:' locl!l taxing Clttthor i ty or aFr~rCivl)d and aCCt"ptO(; by tht; 10cal tbxin:; ltutt.or1ty in e.c'}!lfcn:·::;~ty wit.h local zoninq ordir:.~nCES [or a uae other t.h .. n aqriculttJral ~r,all nc~ b~ valued or clHssifie~ ~~ agricultural.-
7. Page 2, I1nc6 17 through 21. Strike: ~ubsecticn (" in ita entirety
STATE PUB. co. Helena, Mont.
ltcp. Ken Nordtvedt, Chairman.
STANDING COMMITTEE REPORT
\' '" r ~. -4 1 :- "1 ....... :.;.:~ ... ~.~.~ ....... ! ....... !. .. : ......... " ................. 19 ........... .
S;'!L"\}:E!i MR .............................................................. .
-·~ ... ICN We, your committee on ................. ~~ .. ~~ ..... :.: .................................................................................................................... .
&.~ 293 - .' having had under consideration .................................................................................................................. Bill No ................. .
1\ BIr...L FOR Aft ~ r;-nTi""...FD: ":t;:-; 1C;! ro ~"ISE ~rm: 1C?~ AND A~'"f..1\L c;;()SS Ii-r.:o·~ OO"1L!!'ICA!'IQlS FOR N:;rJ:CL1:.Tt..'E.~ ~D t.ssr:s~rr; ro Pft.1VIt2 ELIGI!lILI'1'Y cro:'D.:,'""!U.~ rut AssrsSen- CF' R:t~~~ x;:~ .ns N:i?..rO}!"k'U:..;,.'\L; AmW!N:; ~'TIC8
.. 15-7-202, HCA ...
.~---
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Respectfully report as follows: That ..................................................................................... ~ ........... Bill No ..... ~~~~ .. ~:.·. introduced (white), be amendad as follows:
1. Page 1, line 17. Following: -oS!! Strike: ".tC· .lLsert: ~20e
2. Page 2, line 3. roll~inq: ·is.Strike: "50'" Insert, -.ini-
3. Page 2, line 19. rollowlng: c use-Insert: *, as-deter.mined in section 1,·
Js_'ID_ ~ so NImlOD
DG-PASS
STATE PUB. CO. Helena, Mont.
Chairman.
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