hot and dry climate architecture

HOTAND

DRYCLIMATE

Sem. 3rd, Sec.B, B.arch2014-19 SPA-PU

OBJECTIVE

TO DEVELOP THE KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED FOR UNDERSTANDING THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON

ARCHITECTURE

INTRODUCTION

Regions having similar characteristic features of climate aregrouped under one climatic zone. According to a recent code ofbureau of Indian standards, the country may be divided into fivemajor climatic zones.

• Hot and dry (mean monthly temperature >30 and relativelyhumidity <55%).

• Warm and humid (mean monthly temperature >25-30 andrelatively humidity <55-75%).

• Temperate (mean monthly temperature 25-30 andrelatively humidity <75%).

• Cold and dry (mean monthly temperature <25 andrelatively humidity- all values).

• Composite (this applies, when six months or more do not fallwithin any of the other categories).

The main points:

The main points:

• Orientation and placement, to minimize sun exposure in summer.

• Form, compact to reduce surface areas of heat gain.

• Shade, for maximum sun protection in summer.• Allow adequate heat gain in winter by movable

shading devices.• Ventilation, for regulation of air movement.

Buildingdesign

The larger building dimension should face north and south

Sun orientation

Orientationof building

west

orientation is the worst

Main walls and windows should face the wind direction in order to allow maximum cross-ventilation of the rooms.To reduce the effect of hot dusty winds, the leeward side of the house is better.

Wind orientation

1. Bedrooms - on the east side.

2. Living rooms - on the north or south side.

roomarrangement

Traditionally constructed with thick walls and roofs and with very small openings

Sun-dried earth brick is one of the poorest conductors of heat

Buildingmaterial

1. Walls of daytime living areas should be made of heat-storing materials.2. East and west walls should preferably be shaded.3. Double walls with insulation in between are a

suitable solution.

walls

More windows should be provided in the north facade of the building as compared to the east, west and south as it receives lesser radiation throughout the year.

Openingsare necessary for natural lighting and ventilation.

and window

Should be shaded either by shading

devices, roof overhangs or by deciduous trees.

The size of the windows on the west and east sides should be minimized in order to reduce

heat gains into the house in the early morning and late afternoon.

Windows

• The flat roof is a good reflector and re-radiates heat efficiently, especially if it consists of a solid, white painted material.

• High solid parapet walls along the edge of the roof can on the one hand provide daytime shade and privacy.

Roof

The principle involved is to catch an unobstructed breeze at a high level and channel it to areas in the bottom parts of the building.

Naturalventilation

Cooling can be achieved by the evaporation of water.

Passive cooling

1. The courtyard is provided with water and plants, it acts as a cooling source.2. Internal courtyards provides cross ventilation & natural cooling.3. Most openings are to the internal courtyard rather than exterior surface.

Courtyard

Outlets at higher levels serve to vent hot air. Ventilators are preferred at higher levels as they

help in throwing out the hot air.

- Colors that absorb less heat should be used to paint the external surface.- Darker shades should be avoided for surfaces exposed to direct solar radiation.- The surface of the roof can be of white broken glazed tiles.- During the day-time openings should be closed and shaded. - Decreasing the surface of the building exposed to the outside.- Using materials that take a longer time to heat up.- Providing buffer spaces (lobbies, etc.) between the living areas and the outside.

…

Thank you!

http://collections.infocollections.org/ukedu/en/d/Jsk02ce/3.3.htmlwww.academia.edu/.../Designwww.slideshare.net/...

Reference

Presented by

Ronak DhupiaSaloni BhagatShruti Kapoor

Shristi AgarwalRajat Narang

Surbhi JoshiRajshree Soni

Sem. 3rd, Sec.B, B.arch2014-19 SPA-PU