history, present and future of process analysers

This presentation includes forward-looking statements. Actual future conditions (including economic conditions, energy demand, and energy supply) could differ materially due to changes in technology, the development of new supply sources, political events, demographic changes, and other factors discussed herein (and in Item 1 of ExxonMobil’s latest report on Form 10-K). This material is not to be reproduced without the permission of Exxon Mobil Corporation.

History, present and futureof Process Analysers

January 27, 2009 IFPAC 2009

Drs. Ing. A.L.M. van Adrichem

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Long long ago....

• The philosopher Aristotle• Earth, water, air and fire (348 BC)• Predicted the existence of atoms (330 BC)

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Long long ago....

• Geber (721 – 815)• Geber is a Latinized version of Jabir• Abu Musa Jābir ibn Hayyān

(Arabic: جابر ابن حيان) • Scientific approach of chemistry (776)• Inventor of distillation process

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Long long ago....

• Robert Boyle (1627 - 1691)• The Sceptical Chymist (1661)• Advanced to the modern view of

elements.• Use of proper experimentation.• Boyle’s law.

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Long long ago....

• Lavoisier (1743 - 1794)• Is considered the father of modern chemistry• Elementary Treatise of Chemistry (1789) is

considered to be the first modern chemical textbook.

• Stated the first version of the law of conservation of mass

• Recognized and named oxygen and hydrogen

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• Mendeleyev (1834 - 1907)• Predicted Gallium 5 years before its

discovery• Periodic system of elements (1873)• Petroleum was born in the depths of

the earth (1877)• Found the perfect percentage of

alcohol in Vodka to be 38%

Long long ago....

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Chromatography• Tsvet (1872 - 1919)

• Invented chromatography in 1901 during his research on plant pigments.• Used the term chromatography for the first time in 1906 what literally

means writing with colours.

• Martin (1910 - 2002) en Singe (1914 - 1994)• Made the suggestion to use gas as the mobile phase in 1941• Won the Nobel Price for Chemistry in 1952

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Chromatography• Beckman Instruments

• Founded by Arnold Orville Beckman (1900 – 2004).

• since end 50’s process GC’s• Halfway 70’s model 6710 with

separate programmer• Early 80’s introduction of first

Beckman GC with microprocessor technology

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Chromatography

• Siemens (current)

• Yokogawa (current)

• ABB (current)

• C2V (current)

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Spectroscopy

• IR spectroscopy

• UV / visual spectroscopy

• Raman Spectroscopy

• Mass Spectroscopy

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Spectroscopy• Newton in 1725 presented first requirements for spectroscopic observations

• Bouguer (1729) and Lambert (1760) observed that energy absorption through a thin layer depends on type of material of the thin layer and the frequency of the initial light.

• Bunsen developed in 19e century the first spectroscope

• First half of 19e century large amount of discoveries in spectroscopy

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IR Spectroscopy

• Infra Red is discovered by William Herschel

• First process Infrared analyser end 50’s.

• Number of manufacturers• Tracor Atlas• DuPont• Teledyne• Hartman & Braun• Combustion Engineering

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FTIR Spectroscopy

• France mathematician Fourier (1822)

• Michelson Interferometer

• Analect (current)

• ABB (current)

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UV Spectroscopy

• Hallikainen• Designed together with oil industry• End 1960’s

• Large number of manufacturers

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Raman Spectroscopy

• Discovered by Chandrasekhara V. Raman in 1928

• Young technique for process analyses

• Renshaw (current)

• Rosemount (current)

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Mass Spectroscopy

• Early 1900 a lot of work has been done by Sir J.J. Thomson

• 1970’s first online analyser made by Perkin Elmer

• Thermo (current)

• Ametek (current)

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pH measurement

• Thurneysser (16e century)• Violet juice changed colour after addition of sulphur acid

• Nernst (1889)• Nernst equation

E = Eo + (RT/nF) log [H+]

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pH measurement

• Cremer (1906)• Glass electrode

• Sorensen (1909)• pH scale

• Carderio (1966)• pH pre amplifier

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pH measurement

• Beckman (1934)• pH measurement

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pH measurement

• Beckman

(1941)

Model R

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Physical properties

• Vapour Pressure

• Density

• Cloud Point / Distillation

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Vapour Pressure

• Hallikainen• Designed together

with the oil industry• End 60’s

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Vapour Pressure

• ATAC (current)

• ABB (current)

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Density

• Gravitrol

(1967)

• Micro Motion

(current)

• Solartron

(current)

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Cloud point / Distillation

• Hallikainen• Designed together with the oil

industry• Early 60’s

• Bartec Benke (current)

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Oxygen

• Paramagnetic• Faraday (1845)• Servomex Model 540A

Image supplied courtesy of Servomex

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Oxygen

• Zirconia• Westinghouse model 218

0 100

ReferenceSample

7000C

Image supplied courtesy of Servomex

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Oxygen

• Enotec (current)

• Servomex (current)

• Analytical Specialties Inc. (current)

Image supplied courtesy of ServomexImage supplied courtesy of Servomex

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Future

• General

• NeSSI

• Miniature analytics

• Lab on a chip

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Pressuredifference

P-14

P-1

6

P-17

P-18

P-19

AnalyserBuilding

ProcessAnalyser

SampleConditioning

System

Utilities:- Power- Nitrogen- Hydrogen- Instrument air- Koelwater- Steam

SpendSampleDisposal

Validation /CalibrationFacilities

AnalyserControlSection

AnalyserStatus /Alarms

RecordingFacilities

(Digital)Instrument

System

ProcessControl

ComputerHVAC

V-2

V-1

Sample Take-off point

SampleReturn point

Fast Loop

AnalyserData

Analyse

General

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General

• Current situation of most process analysers• Size is big• Needs protective environment• Needs controlled environment of the product• Complex combination of components• Not always very fast

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General

• Desired future situation• Small size• On or in the process• Simple construction• Simple maintenance• Eliminate Infrastructure• Fast and accurate• (Very) high reliability

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NeSSI• Standard (ANSI ISA SP76) used by all manufacturers

• Internal diameter close to 6 mm or ¼ inch tubing

• Compact

• NeSSI™ Gen I. Mechanical Substrate/fluid components

• NeSSI™ Gen II. Smart Sampling/Connectivity Bus

• NeSSI™ Gen III. Micro Analytical

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Miniature analytics

• pH

• Conductivity

• Raman Spectroscopy

• Moisture

• GC

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Lab on a chip

• Scientific magazine

• Developments mainly in biochemistry

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Thanks for your attention

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Back up slides

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History, present and future of process analytics

Arno van Adrichem

ExxonMobil

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Infra Red Spectroscopy

Symmetrical

stretching

Asymmetrical

stretching

Scissoring

Rocking Wagging Twisting