history of manufacturing © 2013 project lead the way, inc.computer integrated manufacturing
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History of Manufacturing
© 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Computer Integrated Manufacturing
Overview
This presentation discusses:• The need for manufacturing• A brief history of manufacturing• Key figures in manufacturing• An example of the manufacturing process
Why Manufacture?
• Manufacturing accounts for 20% of the US gross domestic product
• Manufacturing employs 17% of the U.S. workforce1
1according to the National Science and Technology Council
Domestic Product Workforce
History of Manufacturing
Prior to 19th century– Artisans– Handmade products
History of Manufacturing
Prior to the 19th century– Eli Whitney
Photos courtesy of www.eliwhitney.org
History of Manufacturing
Early 1900s– Henry Ford
From Wiki
History of ManufacturingEarly 1900s
– Kiichiro Toyoda– Lean Manufacturing
Five areas drive lean manufacturing/production: – Cost– Quality– Delivery– Safety– Morale
History of Manufacturing
Mid 1900s– Jervis B. Webb Co. creates the first
electronically coordinated conveyor system
Photo courtesy of Jervis B. Webb Col.
Manufacturing Today
Automatic Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS)– Moves material vertically or horizontally between
storage compartment and transfer station or within a process
Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV)– Computer-controlled system using pallets to
transport work pieces to NC machine tools and other equipment in a flexible manufacturing system
Artificial Intelligence (AI)– Machines learn from experience– Knowledge used to problem solve
Manufacturing Today
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
– Company-wide management philosophy for planning, integration, and implementation of automation
Manufacturing Enterprise Wheel1. Customer-centered2. People and teamwork3. Shared knowledge4. Key processes5. Resources and responsibilities6. Infrastructure
Photo Courtesy of Kettering Communications
Manufacturing Today
Kaizen– Japanese word for “improvement”– Based on continuous improvement by everyone
Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS)– Adapts efficiently to changing need– Possibly increase productivity by 50%
Manufacturing Today
Just In Time Manufacturing (JIT)– Objective is to eliminate waste– Capable of producing mixed products– Utilizes cross-trained workers
Toyota Production System (TPS)– Applied to automotive manufacturing– Competes with mass production– Employs lean production strategy
Lean Manufacturing– Systematic elimination of waste– Entire system must participate to
produce effectivity
Lean Manufacturing Video
Manufacturing Today
Six Sigma (6σ)– Indicates measure of quality for near
perfection– Produces fewer than 3.4 defects per million
opportunities– Identifies and corrects causes of defects– Utilizes the five “whys” to uncover root cause
6σ
Manufacturing Today
Rapid Prototyping– Prototype made directly from a computer model– Several technologies
• Stereolithography• 3D Printing• Selective Laser Sintering• Fused Deposition Modeling
Workcell– Manufacturing resources
arranged into a groupWork Envelope
– Range of motion of a robot or machine– Degrees of freedom are individual movements
ReferencesComputer and Automated Systems Association of the Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (3rd ed.). (1993). The new manufacturing enterprise wheel. Dearborn, Michigan: Author.
Elshennawy, A.K., & Schrader, G.F. (2000). Manufacturing processes and materials. Dearborn, MI: Society of Manufacturing Engineers.
Ford Motor Company. (n.d.) Ford Model T turns 100: Centennial celebrations underway for the historic icon. Retrieved from http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=27864
Kettering University. (n.d.) Industrial engineering laboratories. Retrieved December 18, 2007, from http://www.kettering.edu/futurestudents/undergraduate/industrialengineering_labs.jsp
Kiichiro Toyoda. (2009). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiichiro_Toyoda
Microsoft Clip Art. (2009). Retrieved from www.microsoft.com
ReferencesRapid Prototyping. (2009). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_PrototypingRobotWorx . (2009). Work envelope. Retrieved from
http://www.robots.com/faq.php?question=work+envelopeRufe, P.D. (Ed.). (2002). Fundamentals of manufacturing. Dearborn,
MI: Society of Manufacturing Engineers.Six Sigma Dictionary (2009). In iSixSigma. Retrieved from
http://www.isixsigma.com/dictionary/Work_Cell-128.htmToyoda, K. (2009). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kiichiro_Toyoda&oldid=168960586
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