hilos capítulo 5 silberschatz galvin. copyright © 2006, intel corporation. all rights reserved....
Post on 24-Jan-2016
217 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Hilos
Capítulo 5
Silberschatz Galvin
Hilos2
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Hilos
Concepto
Beneficios
Hilos a nivel kérnel y a nivel usuario
Modelos multihilos
Hilos de Solaris 2
Hilos de Java
Hilos3
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Hilos
Un hilo (o proceso ligero) es una unidad básica de utilización del CPU; consiste de:
• Contador de programa
• Conjunto de registros
• Espacio de stack
Hilos4
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Hilos
Un hilo comparte con sus hilos pares:
• Sección de código
• Sección de datos
• Recursos del sistema operativo
• En conjunto se les conoce como proceso
Un proceso tradicional o pesado, es igual a una tarea con un hilo.
Hilos5
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
un procesoun hilo
varios procesosun hilo por proceso
varios procesosvarios hilos por proceso
un procesovarios hilos
Hilos y procesos
Hilos6
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Código Datos Archivos Código Datos Archivos
Hilo Hilos
Mono-hilo Multi-hilo
Procesos con un solo hilo y con múltiples hilos
Hilos7
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Bloque decontroldel hilo
Stackdel
usuario
Stackdel
usuario
Stackdel
kernel
Stackdel
Kernel
Espacio dedireccionesdel usuario
Espacio dedireccionesdel usuario
Bloque decontrol delproceso
Bloquede control
del proceso
Hilo
Modelo de procesode un solo hilo
Modelo de procesomultihilos
Bloque decontroldel hilo
Stackdel
usuario
Stackdel
kernel
Hilo
Bloque decontroldel hilo
Stackdel
usuario
Stackdel
kernel
Hilo
Modelos de procesos de un solo hilo y de muchos hilos
Hilos8
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Multihilo
Sistema operativo que mantiene varios hilos de ejecución dentro de un mismo proceso.
MS-DOS soporta un solo hilo.
UNIX soporta múltiples procesos de usuarios, pero sólo un hilo por proceso.
Windows 2000, Solaris, Linux, Mac OS, OS/2 soportan múltiples hilos.
Hilos9
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Hilos
En una tarea donde hay múltiples hilos, mientras un hilo servidor está bloqueado y esperando, otro hilo en la misma tarea puede ejecutarse.
• Cooperación de múltiples hilos en la misma tarea aumenta la tasa de trabajos por unidad tiempo y mejora el rendimiento.
• Aplicaciones que requieren compartir un buffer común (productor-consumidor) sacan provecho de la utilización de hilos.
Hilos10
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Hilos
Los hilos proveen un mecanismo que permiten a procesos secuenciales hacer llamadas bloqueantes mientras otros en paralelo ejecutan otras operaciones.
Hilos11
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Beneficios
Compartición de recursos
Economía
Utilización de arquitecturas de múltiples procesadores
Hilos12
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Hilos a nivel usuario
El manejo de los hilos lo hace una librería de hilos a nivel usuario
Ejemplos
- Hilos POSIX
- Mach C-threads
- Hilos de Solaris
Hilos13
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Hilos a nivel usuario (un CPU con dos núcleos)
Nivel kérnel (sistema operativo)
Nivel usuarioProceso de usuario gestiona y
planifica los múltiples hilos
Core CoreCPU
Hardware
Planificador del SO
Hilos14
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Ventajas de los hilos a nivel usuario
Los hilos podían implementarse en las aplicaciones que se ejecutaban en sistemas operativos que no son capaces de planificar hilos
• Ejemplo: Primeras implementaciones de UNIX
Hilos15
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Desventajas de los hilos a nivel usuario
El planificador del sistema operativo solo ve un hilo por proceso
No ve los hilos a nivel usuario
Usa un solo núcleo del procesador en un procesador que tiene más de un núcleo
No puede distribuir los hilos a nivel el usuario en los dos núcleos
Hilos16
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Hilos a nivel kérnel
Soportados por el kérnel
Ejemplos
• Windows 95/98/NT
• Solaris
• Linux
• Mac OS
Hilos17
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Hilos a nivel kernel (con un CPU con un solo núcleo)
Nivel kérnel (sistema operativo)
Nivel usuario
CoreCPU
Hardware
Planificador del SO
Hilos18
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Hilos a nivel kernel (con un CPU con doble núcleo)
Nivel kérnel (sistema operativo)
Nivel usuario
Core CoreCPU
Hardware
Planificador del SO
Hilos19
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Ventajas de los hilos a nivel kérnel
El proceso de usuario no se tiene que encargar de la planificación de los hilos
Si tenemos un procesador con más de un núcelo, el Sistema operativo puede planificar los hilos en diferentes núcleos
Hilos20
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Modelos multihilos
Muchos a uno
Uno a uno
Muchos a muchos
Hilos21
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Muchos a uno
Muchos hilos a nivel usuario mapeados a un hilo a nivel kérnel.
Usado en sistemas que no soportan hilos a nivel kérnel.
Hilos22
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Modelo muchos a uno
kk
Hilos23
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
EjecuciónListoListo
Relaciones entre estados de ULTs y estados de procesos
Ejecución
BloqueadoBloqueado
Listo Ejecución
Bloqueado
Hilo 1 Hilo 2
Proceso B
Kernel
Usuario
Hilos24
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Uno a uno
Cada hilo a nivel usuario corresponde a un hilo del kérnel.
Ejemplos:
- Windows 95/98/NT
- OS/2
Hilos25
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Modelo uno a uno
kk kk kk kk
Hilo a nivel usuario
Hilo a nivel kérnel
Hilos26
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Modelo muchos a muchos
kk kkkk
Hilo a nivel usuario
Hilo a nivel kérnel
Hilos27
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Usuario
Núcleo
Hardware
Biblioteca
de hilos
Hilo a nivel de
usuario Hilo del núcleo Proceso ligero Procesador
LL L LL L L L L
L P
P P P P P
Proceso 1 Proceso 2 Proceso 3 Proceso 4 Proceso 5
Ejemplo de la arquitectura multihilo de Solaris
Establecer AfinidadEstablecer Afinidad
Hilos28
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Gestión de hilos básica
Un hilo tiene :
• Un identificador (ID)
• Una pila
• Una prioridad de ejecución
• Una dirección de inicio de ejecución.
Hilos29
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Gestión de hilos básica(POSIX)
Se dice que un hilo es dinámico si se puede crear en cualquier instante durante la ejecución.
En POSIX :
• los hilos se crean dinámicamente con la función pthread_create.
• pthread_exit termina el hilo que la invoca.
Hilos30
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Gestión de hilos básica (POSIX), ejemplo:
Programa que crea un hilo donde muestra el mensaje “Hola Mundo”
Para compilar el programa :
• $ cc -D_REENTRANT thread2.c -o thread2 -lpthread
Hilos31
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
int main(){
pthread_create(a_thread,funcion_hilo);
pthread_join(a_thread);
}
funcion_hilo(){ …}
Crea un hilo nuevo
Espera a que termine el hilo creado
Hilo principal
Hilo creado con la llamada pthread_create
Hilos32
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Gestión de hilos básica(POSIX)
Pthread_join()
• Hilo que ejecuta pthread_join, espera a que termine otro hilo
El hilo principal debe esperar a que terminen todos los hilos creados
• Si el hilo principal no espera a que terminen los hilos creados, al terminar termina el proceso con todos los hilos.
Hilos33
Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sistemas Operativos
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
top related