high-performance plastics for aviation and · pdf filehigh-performance plastics for aviation...
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Properties of high-performance plastics
| High thermal and mechanical stability| Inherent flame resistance| Low degree of thermal expansion| High chemical resistance even at raised temperatures| Low level of outgassing in vacuum| Good electrical insulation
The dream of flying would quickly becomea thing of the past without today’s plastics. This is easily substantiated by a casual glance at the inside of a modern aeroplane. The use of plastics makes planes lighter, safer and more economical. This is by no means the case for just the interior, however, but also for sophisticated technical parts, structural elements and propulsion components, for example.
More recently, the significance of technical plastics and composites in aviation and aerospace applications has grown rapidly.
Advantages of plastics
| Every extra pound a plane weights costs energy to move it and thus money. The use of modern polymer materials and reinforcing fibres makes it possible to achieve lightweight constructions and hence fuel savings| Plastic components can normally be fabricated eco-
nomically| Plastics are approx. 50% lighter than aluminium| Compared to metals, plastics do not corrode| Plastics provide a high degree of freedom in design| Plastics with modified sliding properties are best suited for use in dry operation under extreme conditions| Transparent plastics serve as lighter and more impact resistant alternatives to glass
Plastics in aviation and aerospace applications.
Approvals
Before plastics are approved for applications in aviation and aerospace, they normally have to undergo testing which is specific for the components. ENSINGER processes special high-performance plastics to satisfy special needs, which meet the high standards and fulfil the requirements of QSFB, AS 9100, OSU, ABD 0031 or FAR 5.853. TECAPEEK® products are qualified according to IPS 04-06-004-01 specifically for interior Airbus applications.
Areas of application for plastics in aviation and aerospace
Interior components, technical parts, structural elements as well as components for navigation, propulsion engineering and satellite technology.
Development of the weight of technical plastics and com-posites [in %] used in commercial aeroplanes
33
ENSINGER Plastics for aviation and aerospace.
| SINTIMID
Materials with a continuous serv-ice temperature of 57 °F. High strength, rigidity and creep strength. Good chemical resistance and ex-cellent sliding properties for special types. Excellent electrical insulation properties and inherent flame resis-tance. May be used in cryogenic applications. High degree of purity and low out-gassing in vacuum.
| TORLON®
High mechanical strength and toughness. Very good creep resis-tance, low thermal expansion and high thermal resistance. Good mechanical values up to tempera-tures of 500 °F. Good frictional characteristics for special types. May be used in cryogenic appli-cations. Good chemical resistance and inherent flame resistance.
| TECAPEEK
Semi-crystalline plastic with high strength, rigidity and hardness. Continuous service temperature up to 500 °F. Resistant to many different types of hydraulic fluid (Skydrol) and chemicals, also at high temperatures. Excellent dimensional stability and very good sliding properties for special types. Inherent flame resistance. Extremely low smoke gas emiss-ion and density, as well as ex-tremely low toxicity of the smoke gases.
| TECATRON/TECATRON VF
Plastic with very high strength, rigidity and hardness. Continuous service temperature of 458° F. Excellent chemical resistance even at high temperatures. Excellent dimensional stability and low water absorption. Low degree of toughness and inherent flame resistance. Very good creep resistance.
| TECASON P VF
Very good creep strength and extremely impact resistant. Outstanding resistance to fluids used in the aerospace industry. Highly resistant to radiation (gamma, X-rays, etc.). Extremely low smoke gas emission and density. Inherent flame resistance.
| TECAPEI (Ultem®)
Amorphous plastic with high strength and continuous service temperature of 338 °F. Good chemical resistance to many substances, such as fully halo-genated hydrocarbons, alcohols and aqueous solutions. Excellent dimensional stability. Inherent flame resistance. Extremely low smoke gas emission and density, as well as extremely low toxicity of the smoke gases.
| TECAMAX SRP
Amorphous plastic with extremely high strength and hardness without the use of fillers. Continuous service temperature of 85 °F. Very good chemical resistance and outstanding cryogenic properties. Very good scratch resistance. Inherent flame resistance, extremely low smoke gas emission and density.
Sensor plate TECAPEEK GF 30.
Attenuation tube TECAFORM AH
Twin Pulley TECAPEI GF 30 (Ultem®)
Output Pulley TECAPEI GF 30 (Ultem®)
S-frequency aerial for satellites TECAPEEK and VESPEL® SP1
4
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000 TECAPEEK
VESPEL
TORLON
®
TECAPEI20.000
TECATRON
TECANAT
TECAFORM
Process engineering to match the highest demands.
ExtrusionENSINGER extrudes semi-finished goods from more than 100 different thermoplastics as rods, sheets and tubes in the dimensions the customer requires and as stock items. Many years of experience and the most modern equip-ment ensure the highest quality of all products, as well as individually adaptable material properties.
MachiningSmall parts and large volume components can be eco-nomically produced on the most modern CNC-controlled processing centres and cycle-controlled automatic turning lathes. Lot sizes are irrelevant. Complex geometries are possible with simultaneous four and five-axis processing.
Perfect products are the result of highly precise production processes and the most modern process technology.The comprehensive know-how of ENSINGER’s industrial specialists in conjunction with engineering expertise makes technically demanding and customised solutions possible.All processes are subject to continuous quality assurance. Thanks to the global sales network, our products reach you anywhere and on time every time.
Injection mouldingWe produce high-precision and demanding geometries for large volume production using injection moulding, which are used, for example, in holding fixtures or materials handling equipment.
Industrial profilesENSINGER demonstrates its high level of expertisein the production of special profiles and special tubes. Solid profiles, hollow chamber profiles and particularly thin-walled profiles are manufactured for this purpose from specially adapted materials.
Highest radiation resistance
Approximate values:Dosage in kGy, which reduce elongation by 25%.
(U
ltem
® )
55
Outstanding properties and top performance for your safety.
Chemical resistance according to different temperatures, residence times, concentrations and the geometry of the parts (possibly internal stress) ++ good resistance + resistant 0 limited resistance(1) Sales in Germany and Great Britain
Outstanding resistance to chemicals
High-performance plastics have to show special properties in their resistance to chemicals, in order to be used in the aviation and aerospace industry. This depends on the state of the part, the geometry and the internal stress of the materials. Our plastics satisfy these requirements. It is recommended that a test for suitability is carried out for definite applications, taking into account the resistance at different temperatures, concentrations, residence times and mechanical loads.
Safety through special fire protection properties
For certain plastic applications, high requirements are placed on flame retardant properties. ENSINGER plastics satisfy the current flammability ratings for aviation and aerospace purposes.
UL 94 FAR 25.853ABD
0031ATS 1000.001 Remarks
VESPEL® (1) PI V-0 No data No data No data
SINTIMID PI V-0 No data No data No data
TORLON® PAI V-0 No data No data No data only injection moulding
TECAPEEK PEEK V-0 Yes Yes Yes
TECATRON VF PPS V-0 No data No data No data
TECASON P VF PPSU V-0 Yes No data Yes R7700 series
TECAPEI PEI V-0 Yes Yes No data
TECAMAX SRP PPP V-0 No data Yes No data
Resistanceto acids
Resistanceto alkalis
Resistance tosolvents
Resistance tostress cracking
VESPEL® (1) PI + 0 ++ ++
SINTIMID PI + 0 ++ ++
TORLON® PAI + + ++ ++
TECAPEEK PEEK + ++ ++ ++
TECATRON VF PPS + ++ ++ ++
TECASON P VF PPSU + + 0 0
TECAPEI PEI 0 + + 0
TECAMAX SRP PPP ++ ++ + +
6
Victrex® PEEK™ Polymer Specifications and Approvals. Victrex® PEEK™ polymer and compounds are recognised or approved by the following bodies:
Aerospace/Military
FAR5-5853B Victrex® PEEK™ 381G & 450G meet the fire, smoke and toxicity standard FAR 5-5853 for aircraft cockpit use.
ATS 1000.001 Victrex® PEEK™ 381G & 450G meet the fire, smoke and toxicity standard ATS 1000.001 for optical density and toxicity of fumes from burning.
SP-R-00A Victrex® PEEK™ 450G meets the NASA standard SP-R-00A for vacuum stability of polymeric materials in spacecraft applications.
BMS 8-317A Victrex® PEEK™ unfilled glass and carbon filled polymers can be supplied to Boeing specification BMS 8-317A for use in aircraft applications.
MIL-P-46183 Victrex® PEEK™ polymer and compounds can be supplied to the military specification MIL-P-46183.
Staining Test Victrex® PEEK™ 381G complies with the Boeing Aircraft staining test.
#DMSRR 1018 Victrex® PEEK™ CA30 complies with the Rolls Royce standard #DMSRR 1018.
75-T--3007-4-1 Victrex® PEEK™ CA30 meets the Deutsche Aerospace/Airbus standard 75-T--3007-4-1.
MS9.0.03 Victrex® PEEK™ 450GL30 complies with the Sundstran Aerospace materials specification MS9.0.03.
JAR 5.853 Victrex® PEEK™ 381G meets the fire, smok and toxicity standard JAR 5.853 for flame resistance.
S6 465 Victrex® PEEK™ 381G meets the fire, smoke and toxicity standard S6 465 for non-flaming smoke generation.
VPRM85-10A Victrex® PEEK™ 381G meets the fire, smoke and toxicity standard VPRM85-10A for peak and total heat release when heated.
99-947-36 All grades of Victrex® PEEK™ polymer meet Bell Helicopter specification 99-947-36.
P640 All grades of Victrex® PEEK™ polymer meet General Dynamics specification P640.
HS13534 Victrex® PEEK™ 450FC30 meets Hamilton Standard (United Technologies) specification HS13534.
Flammability Rating
Underwriters Laboratories V-0 Victrex® PEEK™ 450G and compounds 450GL30 and 450CA30 have an Underwriters Laboratories V-0 rating at .057 in. (1.45mm) thickness
ENSINGER High-temperature plastics.Material reference values.
Mechanical Values
Tradename
DIN-abbreviation
Additives and/orcolour
Long TermService Temp°F
ρ σSpsi
σRpsi
εR%
EZksi
EBksi
HK anft-lb/in
σB/1000psi
σ1/1000psi
µ V
VESPEL® (6) SP1 PI brown 300 1,43 86
(a)7,5
(a) 375 3100 0,35
VESPEL® (6) SP21 PI CS 15 black 300 1,51 66
(a)4,5
(a) 3790 0,3
SINTIMID PUR HT PI black 57 1,35 1680 9 580 580 M10 0.6 1740
TORLON® (5) 4203 PAI 500 1,4 000 7,6 650 5000 E86 ,7
TORLON® (5) 4301 PAI CS TF 500 1,46 16400 3,3 990 6900 E7 1,
TORLON® (5) 5030 PAI GF 30 500 1,61 3100 ,3 110 11700 E94 1,5
TECAPEEK PEEKnatural, also black(1)
grey500 1,30 13700 5 435 594 M99
R16 1.6 0.5 00
TECAPEEK GF 30 PEEK GF 30 30% glass fibre 500 1,51 6100 ,5 1377 1450 M103 50
TECAPEEK CF 30 PEEK CF 30 30% carbon fibre,
black 500 1,40 31000 1,5 1718 900 170
TECAPEEK PVX PEEK CF CS TF 10% carbon fibre,
graphite, PTFE, black 500 1,48 18800 1,5 1377 1174 0,0 150
TECATRON PPS natural 446 1,35 10800 1500 4 536 5 M93 0,5 0.4 540
TECATRON GF 40 PPS GF 40 40% glass fibre, natural 446 1,64 685 1,9 030 1885
TECATRON GF 15 VF PPS GF 15 15% glass fibre, black 1,44 17400 1116 1087
TECATRON GF 30 VF PPS GF 30 30% glass fibre, black 1,58 300 1595 1508
TECATRON GF 40 VF PPS GF 40 40% glass fibre, black 1,65 685 1,9 030 030
TECASON P VF PPSU coloured, black (1) 338 1,9 10100 > 50 340 377 R13 13
TECAPEI1000 (ULTEM)
PEI (Ultem®) translucent 338 1,7 155 > 50 464 478 M109 1. 0.17 4000
TECAPEI2300 (ULTEM)
PEI GF 30(Ultem®) 30% glass fibre
338 1,51 3900 1377 1305 0.4 130
TECAMAX SRP PPP black 90 1, 30000 100000 100000 B80 1.0
TECAMID 66 PA 66 1 1,14 11600/8700
40/ 150*
449/ 90 410 R11
M80 1. 7975 1160 0.8 00
TECANAT PC transparent 48 1,0 8700 333 R118/M70 17 6960 610 0,38 500
TECAFORM AH POM-C opaque, also in
black (1) 1 1,41 945 30 391 M75 5800 1885 0,1 65
This data represents the current state of our knowledge and is meantto provide information about our products and their possible applications. It thus does not represent any legally binding guarantee of particular properties of the products or their suitability for a definite purpose.All existing industrial property rights are to be observed.
We ensure the perfect quality of our products within our General Terms and Conditions of Sale. Norm tests are carried out under standard climatic conditions 3/50 according to DIN 50 014.The right is reserved to make technical changes. Unless otherwise specified, the values are average values obtained from many different single measurements from tests on injection moulded specimens.
Specifications
Densit
y
(ASTM
D 79
2, DIN
EN IS
O 1183
)
Tensil
e stre
ngth at
yield
(ASTM
D 63
8, DIN
EN IS
O 527)
Tensil
e stre
ngth at
bre
ak (A
STM D
638,
DIN E
N ISO 52
7, ASTM
D 17
08 (a
))
Elongat
ion at
bre
ak (A
STM D
638,
DIN E
N ISO 52
7, ASTM
D 17
08 (a
))
Modulu
s of e
lastic
ity af
ter t
ensil
e tes
t
(ASTM
D 63
8, DIN
EN IS
O 527)
Modulu
s of e
lastic
ity af
ter f
lexura
l tes
t
(ASTM
D 79
0, DIN
EN IS
O 178)
Hardnes
s: Ball
-pre
ssure
ISO 20
39/1
, Shore
D A
STM D
2240
,
DIN E
N ISO 86
8(d),
Rockw
ell A
STM D
785 ,
ISO 20
39/2
(r)
Impac
t stre
ngth: F
or det
ailed
info
rmat
ion
see f
ootnote
(4)
Creep
-ruptu
re st
rength
afte
r 100
0 h
with
stat
ic lo
ad
Time y
ield lim
it fo
r 1%
elongat
ion af
ter 1
000 h
Coeffic
ient o
f fric
tion o
= 0.
05 n
/mm
2 v =
0.6m
/s
on stee
l, har
dened
and g
round
Wea
r
(conditi
ons as p
revi
ous)
77
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Electrical ValuesThermal Values Misc. Data
TmOF
TgOF
HDT/AOF
HDT/BOF OF
λBTU-
in/hr-ft2 °F
cBTU/lb · °F
α x 105
in/in/°F
εr–
tan δ–
ρD
Ω·cmRO
Ω/SQ
EdkV/mmv/mil
grade W(H2O)%
WS% – – – Trade
name
360 360 360 0,35 1,13 5,4 3,55 0,0034 1014 - 1015
1015 - 1016 1,3 V0 1,91) 0,001) VESPEL® (6)
SP1
360 360 360 0,87 4,9 13,4 0,01 101 - 1013 9,84 1,1 V0 0,51) 0,01 VESPEL® (6)
SP21
680-707 694 66 1.53 0.5 .44 3,1 0,003 1017 1016 304 ,6 3,6 (+) V0 (+) SINTIMID
PUR HT
545 53 518 1,8 17 3,9 0,031 x1015 8x1018 580 ,5 5,5 (+) V0 + TORLON® (5) 4203
545 534 518 3,7 14 5,4 0,04 8x1013 8x1017 1,9 4,5 (+) V0 + TORLON® (5) 4301
545 539 518 ,5 9 4, 0,05 x1015 1018 840 1,8 4,0 (+) V0 + TORLON® (5) 5030
649 89 84 360 570 1.73 0.08 .8 3,-3,3 0,001- 0,004 1016 1015 480 0,1 0,5 + V0 - TECAPEEK
649 89 599 570 .98 1.1 0,004 1015 1015 609 0,1 0,1 + V0 - TECAPEEK GF 30
649 89 599 570 0,6.38 0.8 105-107()
105-107() 0,1 0,1 + V0 + TECAPEEK
CF 30
649 89 530 570 1.66 1. 3x105 5x106 0,1 0,1 + V0 + TECAPEEK PVX
536 194 30 400 500 .08 .8 1013 1015 450 0,01 + V0 - TECATRON
536 194 500 500 1.73 0.8 . 4 0,004 1013 1015 304 KC 175 0,0 1 + V0 - TECATRON GF 40
536 194 48 1015 0,0 V0 TECATRON GF 15 VF
536 194 491 1015 1015 0,0 V0 TECATRON GF 30 VF
80 90 60 60 0,5 ca. 3 1013 1015 304 KC 175 0,0 1 V0 TECATRON GF 40 VF
44* 40 48 360 0.7 1.7 3,45 1015 1013 360 0,37 1,1 + V0 + TECASON P VF
4 356 39 39 1.53 1.1 3,15 0,001 1015 1015 0,7 1,5 + V0 - TECAPEI1000 (ULTEM)
4 410 40 39 1.60 .9 3.7 0.007 1015 1015 770 0.5 0.9 + V0 - TECAPEI 2300 (ULTEM)
311 30 300(3) .3 3.11 6x1015 x1016 6,44 CTI 150 0,5 0,3 V0 TECAMAX
SRP
500 161/41 1 39 356 1.60 1.60 4.4 3.6-5 0,06- 0,00 101 1010 350 CTI
600 ,8 8,5 (+) HB - TECAMID 66
356 75 84 84 1.3 0.9 3.9 3 0,006 1013 1015 380 KA 1 0,15 0,36 - HB - TECANAT
39 140 30 30 84 0.36 5.5 3,5 0,003 1014 1014 500 KA 3c <0,3 0,5 (+) HB - TECAFORM AH
Vespel® is a registered trade mark of DuPont de Nemours and Company.
Remarks: With polyamides, values are strongly dependent upon moisture content. * wet, after storage in standard climate 3 /50 (DIN 50 014) to saturation. + = resistant (+) = limited resistance – = not resistant (dependent upon concentration, time and temperature)(1)
(1) For plastics, which under “Additives or Colour“ are also quoted alternatively in black, the electrical values do not apply for the black version.() Tested on semi-finished goods.(3) Estimated values.(4) Impact strength is measured according to various methods. The values in the following table are marked with letters according to the method used (c) Charpy: DIN EN ISO 179: an kJ/m
(ai) Izod: ASTM D 56: an J/m (di) Izod: DIN EN ISO 180, an kJ/m
(k) Notch impact strength DIN EN ISO 179: an kJ/m
(5) Only injection moulding (6) Sales in Germany and Great Britain
Source1) NASA, ASTM E-595-90) ESA, ESA PSS-01-703) ESA, ECSS-Q-70-0A
Sp
ecif
ic o
pti
cal d
ensi
ty D
M (
corr
.)
Test conditions:Smoke chamber of the American National Bureau of StandardsSample thickness 3.2 mm flamed
(Source: Victrex® plc.)
Smoke gas density of plastics
ABS
Polyest
er la
min
ate
PVC
Polysty
rene
Polysulfo
ne
Polycar
bonate
PTFE
Phenoplas
ts
Polyet
herim
ide
PEEK 450
Densit
y
(ASTM
D 79
2, DIN
EN IS
O 1183
)
Tensil
e stre
ngth at
yield
(ASTM
D 63
8, DIN
EN IS
O 527)
Tensil
e stre
ngth at
bre
ak (A
STM D
638,
DIN E
N ISO 52
7, ASTM
D 17
08 (a
))
Elongat
ion at
bre
ak (A
STM D
638,
DIN E
N ISO 52
7, ASTM
D 17
08 (a
))
Modulu
s of e
lastic
ity af
ter t
ensil
e tes
t
(ASTM
D 63
8, DIN
EN IS
O 527)
Modulu
s of e
lastic
ity af
ter f
lexura
l tes
t
(ASTM
D 79
0, DIN
EN IS
O 178)
Hardnes
s: Ball
-pre
ssure
ISO 20
39/1
, Shore
D A
STM D
2240
,
DIN E
N ISO 86
8(d),
Rockw
ell A
STM D
785 ,
ISO 20
39/2
(r)
Impac
t stre
ngth: F
or det
ailed
info
rmat
ion
see f
ootnote
(4)
Creep
-ruptu
re st
rength
afte
r 100
0 h
with
stat
ic lo
ad
Time y
ield lim
it fo
r 1%
elongat
ion af
ter 1
000 h
Coeffic
ient o
f fric
tion o
= 0.
05 n
/mm
2 v =
0.6m
/s
on stee
l, har
dened
and g
round
Wea
r
(conditi
ons as p
revi
ous)
Melt
ing p
oint
(DIN
53 76
5, DIN
EN IS
O 3146
)
Glass
tran
sitio
n tem
perat
ure
(DIN
53 76
5, DIN
EN IS
O 3146
)
Heat d
istorti
on tem
perat
ure
DIN E
N ISO 7
5 pro
cedure
A
Heat d
istorti
on tem
perat
ure
DIN E
N ISO 7
5 pro
cedure
B
Servi
ce te
mper
ature
short
term
Therm
al co
nductiv
ity (2
3°C)
Specifi
c
heat (
23°C
)
Coeffic
ient o
f lin
ear t
herm
al e
xpan
sion
(23°
C, ASTM
D 69
6, DIN
ISO 79
91, A
STM E
831)
Diele
ctric
const
ant
(106
Hz,
ASTM D
150,
DIN 53
483,
IE-2
50)
Diele
ctric
loss
fact
or
(106
Hz,
ASTM D
150,
DIN 53
483,
IE-2
50)
Specifi
c volu
me
resis
tance
(ASTM
D 25
7, EC 93
, DIN
IEC 60
093)
Surface
resis
tance
(ASTM
D 25
7, EC 93
, DIN
IEC 60
093)
Diele
ctric
stre
ngth
(ASTM
D 14
9, DIN
EN 60
093)
Resist
ance
to tr
acki
ng
(DIN
EN 6
0112
, VDE 0
303
Part 1
)
Moist
ure a
bsorp
tion to
equili
brium
23 °C
/50%
rel.
air h
umid
ity (D
IN E
N ISO 6
2)
Wat
er a
bsorp
tion a
t sat
uratio
n
(DIN
EN IS
O 62)
Resist
ance
to h
ot wat
er,
was
hin so
da
Flam
mab
ility
acc
. to
UL st
andar
d 94
Resist
ance
to w
eath
erin
g (5
)
Outgas
sing T
ML [
%]
Tota
l Mas
s Loss
Outgas
sing C
VCM.
Collecte
d volat
ile co
ndensa
ble m
ater
ial
Your specialist dealer:
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| Spain ENSINGER S.A. Girona, 1-7 0810 La Llagosta Barcelona Telephone +34 9 0 10 19 16 Fax +34 9 35 74 7 30 info@ensinger-plastics.com
| Sweden ENSINGER Sweden AB Box 185 Kvartsgatan C 7453 Enköping Telephone +46 (0)1 71 47 70 50 Fax +46 (0)1 71 44 04 18 info@ensinger.se
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