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Herbal medicine in Egypt
Younis Haggag M.
in
Heywood V.H. (ed.), Skoula M. (ed.). Identification of wild food and non-food plants of the Mediterranean region
Chania : CIHEAMCahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 23
1997pages 45-55
Article available on line / Article disponible en ligne à l’adresse :
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To cite th is article / Pour citer cet article
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Younis Haggag M. Herbal medicine in Egypt. In : Heywood V.H. (ed.), Skoula M. (ed.). Identification
of wild food and non-food plants of the Mediterranean region. Chania : CIHEAM, 1997. p. 45-55 (Cahiers
Options Méditerranéennes; n. 23)
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http://www.ciheam.org/http://om.ciheam.org/
EGYPT
Younis of of
El st.,
&m été utilisée en Egypte depuis longtemps. Les
de beaucoup de plantes médicinales et les les utilisées. La égyptienne 2000
été étudiées et beaucoup de est utilisées et
au égyptien sont aussi inclues.
plants have been used as a of since ancient times. 'The ancient with many medicinal of in
of The healing of sick out The in Ancient Egyptian tombs. The
the temple walls and in the that Ancient Egyptians the same as they plant, as well as
the egg, vegetable that they used acacia, aloes,
colocynth, linseed, squill, cumin, onions, anise, oil and wine. They used all plant such as seeds, as well as medicaments in the of pastes and ointments.
When the to Egypt, art of healing made use of all available as the Chinese, as well as the Ancient Egyptian. The as Sina, still in as Among these books Fil Tib Oli Albab @awood El-Antaki)
people still go to shops seeking since they as
Nowadays, is an the use of an confidence in two companies in Egypt that specialised in the of addition,
constituents is called in
CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes
The of Egypt includes about 2000 species of plants in its localities that in type of soil and climatic and that
the of of plant species. addition, many plante have been successfully acclimatized in Egypt.
About 300 mostly of local be found in The accompanying table (Table 1) shows examples of such including local and scientific names, used, and main active constituents and uses..
as well as in Egyptian and have taken on the task of studying both wild and cultivated plants with view to chemical possible
USES. The accompanying list shows the names of plants that studied mainly both the in Egypt until 1989.
is that h e of some wild plants in Egypt is becoming and some species with extinction a of such as
the extension of building to many
we calling in Egypt to save such species extiactioz. ai the collection seeds of such species U d
to find optimum conditions carried out on squill (Urginea maritima) aná Egyptian henbane (Hyoscyamus muticus)
this
native plants cultivated in Egypt such as species, Thymus spp., Salvia
(LavanduZa osficcincclis), basil (Ocimum basilicurn), plants such as fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), anise aniwm), (Carum (Cuininum cyminum), (Corimdrum sativum), (Apircrr, gt-aveolens), dill (Anethum grmeolew), ajowan (Carum copticurn) and Ammi vìsnsga and Ammi majus. plants include (Trigorzella foenum-graecum), (Hibiscus sabdaTiffa), does (Aloefei-ox, A. vem), sema species (Cassia acutìfolia), Sm species safsalf, S. ailm atid S. Olea europea, Egyptian lupin Datum and Digitalis species , belladonna (Atropa belladonna), (Althaea oficinalis), spp., Ambrosìa maritima, Cym,bopogon citratus, proximus, chamomile
(Helianthus annuus), henna (Lawsonia inermis), white and black (Sinapis alba, S. nigra ), psyllium .
is evident that many many plant species in common. will be the benefit of all to among themselves and exchange
and the of out on medicinal plants.
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1: Some herbal drugs found in the Egyptian market
Part used
anthelmiiltic Laxative, cholagogue Juice
calculi l 1 1
I I
I
infections
Skin emmenagogue leaves
antispasmodic Antispasmodic, antisepticjn 1
I I
¿k family
Acacia arabica L. Sant Leguminosae Acacia famesiana (L.)Willd. Fitnah Leguminosae Achillea millefolium L. I Compositae l Acorns calamus L. I Qasab ad- Araceae Allium sativum Thawm Liliaceae Aloe vera L. Liliaceae Althea officinalis h-alvaceae Ambrosia maritima L. Compositae Ammi visnaga L. limbelliferae Ammi majus L. Umbelliferae Anacyclus pyrethrum L Compositae Anastatica hierochuntica Crucìferae Aizetkurn gnmeokms L. Umbelljferae Anthemis cotda Compositae Apium gmveoiens L. UnlbelliJerae Amica montana L. Compositae Artmesia cina Comvositae
Wi ia
shytani qush
Shibith .
Sheih
el Fahd Shih balady
Artemisia herba-alba I Shih Compositae Balanites aegyptiaca (L.)
~~
Simarubaceae Bryonia alba L.
Compositae Oqhwan Calendula oficinalis
Cucurbitaceae el
Cruciferae Capsella busa-pastoris
~~
Capsicum minimum Solanaceae Carum carvi L. Umbelliferae Carum copticum Umbelliferae
Shatt ah
Nakhwah
CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes
emmenagogue,
Laxative
Anthelmintic Leaves,
hypoglycemic, laxative seeds,
Bark
pdp, seeds
Oleo gum
CB
hypoglycemic styles &
Carthamus tinctorius L. Compositae
Cassia acutifolia Sama makki
Legumtnosae Ceratonia siliqua Leguminosae I Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Chenopadiaceae Cichorium intybus L. Shìkowah Compositae
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Lauraceae
Citmllns colocynthis Cucurbitaceae Citrus limon Laymm
Commiphora mukul L. UDurseraceae Coriandrunt sativurn Umbelliferae Crocus sativus L.
48
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antispasmo.dic
Sahlab Glossostemon bruguieri
vulgare Umbelliferae
diseases.
sedative
antiseptic Antislimming, tonic.
haemostatic
Antispasmodic, digestive, galactagogue
emmenagogue.
1 l
' Abbad esh shams
Ussab
1 i Leaves, R. 1 L. 1 bps 1 kilbiatae
heads chammilla L. I l Comvosttae l
49
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1 I
50
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OF
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. l o.
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
18. 19. 2 o. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 25, 2 7. 28. 29. 30. 31, 32. 33. 34. 35. 3 ó. 3 7. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53.
Abrus precatorius L. Acacia arabica L. Acacia farnesiana L. Acacia senegalensis L. Achilleafragrantissima Achillea santolina L. Acokanthera spectabilis Adhatoda vasica Nees Adonis aututnnalis L. Adonis dentata Aegialophila pumila Aegle marmelos (L.) Con. Aerva lanata Juss. - Aerva tomentosa Agave americana L. var. marginata Agave decipiens Agave sisalana 0:umm. C%
Ajuga iva L. Albizia julibrissin Alhagi maurorum Allium aschersonianum Allium cepa L. Allium sativum L. Aloe grandidentata Aloe vera L. Aithea officimiis L. klthea rosea L. kmberboa tubulìjlora Ambrosia maritima L. hmmi majus L. Arnmi visnaga L. Anahasis articulafa L. Anagallis arvensis L. Anastatica hierochuntica L. Anchusa millerì Willd. hnnona cherimola Annona ghbra L. Annona muricata L. Annona squamosa L. Anthemis nobilis L. Anthemis pseudocotula Antirrhinum majus L. Apiurn graveolens L. Argemone mexicana L. Arisarum vulgare Schott. Aristolochia elegans Artemisia absinthium L. Artemisia argentea Artemisia argyi Levl. & Vant. Artemisia cina Artemisia herba alba L, Artemisia judaica L. Artemisia monosperma L.
54.
55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72.
73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83.
84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96.
97. 98. 99.
OO. 101. 102. 103.
Arthrucnemum glaucum Ung - Asclepias curassavica L. Asparagus stipularis Aster squamatus L. Asteriscus graveolens Less. Astragalus alexandrinus Astragalus boeticus L. Astragalus cremophilos Astragalus tomentosus Lam. Astragallus trigonus Atrocarpus integrfolia Link Atropa belladonna L. Avicennia officinalis L. Barleria cristata L. Bassiß mtu-ico-fa Bauhiaea purpurea L. Bauhinia variegata L. Beamontia grandij7ora Wall. Bolusanthus specìosus
Brassica juncea Brassica nigra L. Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. Bryonia cretica L. Calendula arvensis E. “dendula officinalis L. Culligonum cornosum Callistemon lanceolatus Callistemon rigidus Calotropis procera Calycodendron milnei A.C.Smith. Canavalia obtusifolìa Cannaflaccida Salisb. Canna indica L. Canna orientalis Cannabis sativa L. Cardiospernwm halicacabum L. Carduncellus eriocephalus Carduus getulus Carduus nutans L. Carica papaya L. Carissa carandas L. Carissa grandiflora Carthamus glaucus alexandrinus Carthamus mariuticus Carthamus tinctorius L. Carum copticum Carurn carvi L. Cassìa acutrgolia Cassia didymobotrya Cassiafistula L.
51
CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes
104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115.
116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126.
127.
128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138.
139. 140. 141.
142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155.
Cassia javanica L. Cassia nigricans Cassia obovata Coll. Cassia siamea Lam. Cassia spectabilis Catha edulis Centaurea aegyptiaca Centaurea alexandrina Centaurea calcitrapa Centaurea cineraria L. Centaurea moschata L. Centaurea ragusina subsp.
Centaurium pulchellum SW. Centaurium spicatum (L.) Ceratonia siliqua L. Cerbera odollarn Cestrum aurantiacum L i d Cestrum diurnum L. Cestrcm elegans SchJect. Chenopodium ambrosiodes Chenopodium murale Corchorus olitorius L. Chrysanthemum anethijolium
Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium Visiani Chrysanthemum coronarium Chrysanthemum manifohm Cichorilcm inntybiis L. Cichorizcm pundum Cttrullus colocynthis (L.) Citrus aurantijolia Swingle Citrus aurantiunt L. Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Citrus aurantium L. var. deliciosa Citrus aurantium L. var. sinensis Citrus bergamia & Wight & Am. Citrus limetta L. Citrus (L.) fil. Citrus nobilis Citrus X paradisi Citrus reticulata Citrus sanguinea Engl. Citrus triyoliata L. Cleistopholis patens Cleonze amblycarpa & Cleome droserifolia Clerodendron inermis L. Clivia miniata Cocculus laurijolius Coffea arabica L. Convolvulus althaeoides L. Convolvulus awensis L. Convolvulus lanatus Vahl
157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174, 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 87.
188. 189.
190. 191.
192.
193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202.
203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208.
Conyza dioscorides (L.) Conyza linijdia Willd. Cordia myxa L. Coriandrum sativum L. Cornulacca monacantha Cotula cinerea Crinum americanum Crinum augustum Crinum bulbispermum Crotolaria aegyptiaca Crotolaria madurensis Wight Crucianella maritima L. Cucumis melo L. Cucurbita maxima Cucurbita pepo var. medullosa Alef. Cuminum cyminum L. Cupressus arizonica Ccpressus lusitanica Cupressus sempervirens Cumma l o . ~ g ~ Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Taub. Cymbopogon citratus L. Cymbopogon nardus Cymbopogon proximus Stapf. Cy.wrzdropsis pentaphylla Cyperus rotundus L. Datura discolour Datura fastusa L. Datura ferox L.
imoxia Datma metek L. Datua metelolides Datma stramonium L. Datura stramonium var. inermis S Vatura tatula L. Datura tatula L. var. inernlis
Daucus carota L. var. boissieri Schweinf. Daucus glaber Delphinium ajacis L. Delphinium barbeyi Delphinium belladonna Derris elliptica Digitalis lanata Digitalis mertonensis Buxt. & Digitalis parviflora Jacq. Digitalis purpurea L. Digitalis purpwea var. miniana Sampaio Digitalis viridifora Lindl. Dioscorea opposita Thunb. Discorea tokoro Dolichoìs lablab L. Ducrosia ismaelis Duranta plumeri Jacq.
52
CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes
209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215.
21 6. 21 7. 21 8. 219. 22 o. 221. 222. 223.
224. 225. 226.
22 7. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232.
233. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 2 56. 257. 258. 259. 260.
Duranta repens L.
Vahl (L.) L.
(L.) Campd.
Schott
Stapf
sativcz Tackl. L. =
L. caLì$obmica Cham.
LX gracilis Asch & Schweinf
Labiii.
Labill.
citriodora Bailey L.
01%. L.
pwalias L. peplus L.
-Wílid
L. Fagonia arabica L. Fagonia bruguieri Fagonia cretica L. Fagonia glutinosa Fagonia mollis Fagonia parviflora Fagopyrum esculentum L. Farsetia aegyptia Ficus benghalensis Ficus benjamina L.
elastica Ficus platyphylla Fuymaria densiflora Fumaria judaica Glacium9avurn Glossostemon bruguieri Glycyrrihiuza glabra L. Gossypium barbadense L. Haemanthus multiflorus
261.
262.
263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 2 70. 271. 2 72.
2 73. 2 74. 2 75. 276.
277. 2 78. 2 79. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 287. 288. 289. 290. 29i. 292. 293.
294. 295. 296. 297. 298. 299. 300. 301. 302. 303. 304. 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 31 O. 31 1. 312.
Haloxylon salicornicum auct .non
Haplophyllum tuberculatum
Hedera helix L. Helianthus annuus L. Heliotropium digynum Forssk Hemerocallis aurantica Hibiscus sabdarìfa L. Hippeastrum vittatum Hyoscyamus albus var. desertorum Hyoscyamus muticus L. Hyoseris lucida L. Hypecoum aegyptiacum Asch & Schweinf. Hyossopus 0J”jirtalis L.
L.
& Schweinf
scabra
var. alba Jasminium mesnyi Jasminum grandgorum L. Jasminum sambac &.)Aiton Jasonia montana Wald) .Tatropha curcas Joannesia principzs VA.
A. Juss. Lacturn saligna L. Lagenaria brevijlora hgenarie sicerariu Standl. kantana camara L. Launea mucronata Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Launaea resedifolia (Willd.)
Lunaea spinosa Lclunaea tenrciloba Laurus nobilis L. Lavandula officinalis Luwsonia inermis L. Ligustrum ovalifolium Limonium sinuatum Limonium tubgorum Linum usitatissimum Lotus arabicus Lotus creticus L. Lupinus termis Lycium shawii & Sch. Lycopersicum prumijorme Lygos raetam
L.
Coss. L.
CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes
313. 314. 315. 31 6. 317. 31 8. 319. 320. 321.
322. 323. 324. 325. 326. 32 7. 328. 329. 330, 331. 332. 333. 334. 335. 336. 33 7. 338. 339. 340. 341, 342. 343. 344. 345. 346. 347. 348. 349. 350. 351. 352.
353. 354. 355. 356. 357. 358. 359. 360. 361. 362. 363. 364. 365. 366. 367.
54
~~ ~ ~
L. L.
L.
L. L.
L. (L.) All.
tommasinii
piperita L. pulegium L.
L. L.
Johnst.
L.
communis L. tazetfa L.
L.
L. L.
L.
lotus L. Ocìmunz basilicurn L. Ocinum ccwm Sim. Ocimum gmtissimzcm L. Qcimum mbrum L. Ononis vaginalis VahL Opuntia ficus-indica L. Orchradenus baccatus Origanum majorana L. Oropordum alexandrinum Oryza sativa L. Oxandra xylopioides
L. Asch. &
Schweinf.
L. L.
L. L.
L. L.
L. L.
L. Willd.
368. 369. 3 70. 371. 3 72. 3 73. 3 74.
3 75. 3 76. 3 77. 3 78. 3 79. 380. 381. 382. 383. 384. 385. 386. 387. 388. 389. 390. 391. 392. 393. 394. 395. 396. 397. 398. 399. 400. 401. 402. 403. 404. 405. 406. 407. 408. 409. 41 O. 411. 412. 413. 414. 415. 41 6. 41 7. 418. 419. 420. 421. 422. 423.
L. L.
L.
(L.) L
Asch. & Schweinf. f.)
L. L.
L. Lag.
FOrSsk. psyllium L.
Thunb. L.
L. Foiycarpaea repens Forssk.
sa1ici;folium L. L. (L.)
L.
L. incisa unddata L.
L. sczleratus L.
cmescens
Jaub §p. L.
Thunb. oficinalis L.
L. Willd.
L. L.
L. L.
L. Saccarum oficinarum L. Salix babylonica L. Salk safsafL. Salix tetrasperma Salvadora persica L. Salvia aegyptiaca L. Salvia farenaceae Salvia lanigera . Salvia oficinalis L. Salvia triloba Salvia verbenaca L. Sambucus nigra
CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes
424. 425. 426. 42 7. 428. 429. 430. 431. 432. 433. 434. 435. 436. 437. 438. 439. 440. 441. 442. 443. 444. 445. 446. 447. 448. 449.
459. 451. 452. 453. 454. 455. 456. 457. 458.
459.
460. 461.
462.
Sansevieria cylindrica Santolina chainaecyprissus L. Saponaria oficinalis L. Schinus molle L. Schinus terebinthifolius Scrozonera alexandrina Scrophularia desertii Securinega sufSncticesa Senecio coronopifolius Senecio desfontainei Senecio vulgaris L. Sequoia sempervirens Endl. Sesbania aegyptiaca Silene succulenta Silene villosa Solenostemma argei Solanum aviculare Solanum laciniatum Ait. Solanum macranthum Solanum macrocarpum Solanum melongena L. Solanum nigrum L. Solanum o Leraceum L. Solanum pseudocapsicum L. Solanum. sodomeum L. Sonchus macrocarpus Boulas ¿k
Sophora,flavexens Ait. Sophora japonica E. Sophora secundiflora Sterculia diversifolia Sylibum marianum 6.1 Tcbebuia guayacctn Eeml. Tabebuia pentaphylla (L.) Tabemaemontana coronaria Willd. Tabebuia chrysotricha Standl. Tabebuia argentea §chum)
Tcgetes erecta L. Tanacetum santolinoides
Tecoma stans (L.).
463. 464. 465. 466. 467. 468.
469. 470. 471. 472. 473. 474. 475. 476. 477.
478. 479. 480. 481. 482. 483. 484. 485. 486. 487. 488. 49.
491. 492. 493. 494. 495. 496. 497. 498.
Teucrium polium L. Thea sinensis Thymelea hirsuta Thymus bovei Benth. Thymus capitatus (L.) & Link Tithonia diversifolia Tradescantia bracteata Small Tribulus alatus L. Trifolium alexandrinum L. Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Trigonella maritima Trigonella stellata Urginea maritima L. Urginea maritima var. pancratium (Steinh.) B&. Urospermum picroides L. Valeriam offcinalis Varthemia montanas Wahl.) Verbena oficinalis Vemonia amygdalina Vicia calcarata Vicia faba L. Vicia sativa Vinca rosea Vitex agnus-casfus L. Witharzia somaifera L- Wrightia coccinea Sims. Xanthium occidentale Xanthium pungens W&J. Xanthiunt spinoswn L. Xylopia aethiopica A.fiich. ZiZla spinosa Ziziphus spina-Christi Zygophyllum album L. Zygophyllumm coccineum L. Zygophyllum decumbens
5.5
CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes
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