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Mean Body Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index,United States 1960–2002
by Cynthia L. Ogden, Ph.D.; Cheryl D. Fryar, M.S.P.H.; Margaret D. Carroll, M.S.P.H.; and Katherine M. Flegal, Ph.D.,
Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
Abstract
This report presents trends in national estimates of mean weight, height, and
body mass index (BMI) from the National Health Examination and the National
Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 1960 and 2002. The tables
included in this report present data for adults by sex, race/ethnicity, and age group
and for children by sex and year of age. Mean weight and BMI have increased for
both sexes, all race/ethnic groups, and all ages. Among adults, mean weight
increased more than 24 pounds. Although not as dramatically, mean height has also
increased for most ages and for both males and females.
Keywords: body weight c height c National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (NHANES)
Introduction
During the last 2 decades the
prevalence of obesity and overweight
has increased in the United States (1–3).
This is in part due to a shift in the
distribution of BMI (BMI, weight in
kilograms divided by height in meters
squared) of the entire population (4).
This report presents the changes in
mean body weight, height, and BMI for
the entire U.S. population from 1960 to
2002.
Methods
The National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
program of the National Center for
Health Statistics, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, includes a series
of cross-sectional nationally
representative health examination
surveys beginning in 1960. In each
survey a nationally representative
sample of the U.S. civilian
noninstitutionalized population was
selected using a complex, stratified,
multistage probability cluster sampling
design. A home interview was followed
by a physical examination in a mobile
examination center.
Beginning in 1999, NHANES
became a continuous survey. The
procedures followed to select the sample
and conduct the interview and
examination were similar to those for
previous surveys. Public-use data from
the continuous NHANES are released in
2-year groupings; however, the most
stable and reliable estimates are
obtained from more than 2 years of
data. Previous national surveys include
the first, second, and third National
Health Examination Surveys (NHES I,
1960–62; NHES II, 1963–65; NHES III,
1966–70) and the first, second, and third
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Surveys (NHANES I,
1971–74; NHANES II, 1976–80;
NHANES III, 1988–94). A special study
of Hispanic populations (the Hispanic
Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (HHANES)) in three regions of
the United States was conducted from
1982 to 1984. The Mexican-American
subpopulation sampled in HHANES was
located entirely in the southwestern
United States (5).
Population means and standard
errors of the mean are weighted to
produce national estimates. The sample
weights adjust for oversampling of
certain populations, noncoverage, and
nonresponse. Standard errors were
estimated using SUDAAN by Taylor
Series Linearization (6). A relative
standard error (RSE) greater than
30 percent has been recommended to
Number 347 + October 27, 2004
U.S. DEPA RTM EN T O F HEA LTH A N D H UM A N SERV IC ES
C e nters for Dise a se C ontrol an d Pre ve ntion
Na tiona l C e nter for Hea lth Statistic s
define estimates that are not reliable. In
these tables, all of the RSEs met this
reliability criterion. Pregnant females
were excluded from all the analyses.
Statistical tests on trends were
modeled using PROC REGRESS. All
models included interaction terms for
age and survey because mean age within
an age group (e.g., 20–29 years) may
have varied by survey. Significance was
determined using the WALD F test (7).
Tests for trends on the total groups of
adults (20–74 years of age) were done
on age-adjusted values; consequently, no
interaction terms were included. When
only two surveys were available (i.e., 20
years and over, etc.), differences were
evaluated using t-tests. Significance was
determined at the 0.05 level.
Results
Tables 1 and 2 show the mean
weights for children over time in
English and Metric units. Among
6–11-year-old children, mean weight
increased from approximately 65 pounds
in 1963–5 to almost 74 pounds in
1999–2002. This represents almost a 9-
pound increase for both boys and girls
6–11 years of age. Among 12–17-year-
old teens, the mean weight of boys
increased more than 15 pounds from
125 to 141 pounds and the mean weight
of girls increased approximately 12
pounds from 118 to 130 pounds between
the 1960s and 2002. Mean heights for
children are found in tables 3 and 4.
Mean heights also increased between the
1960s and 2002 with the mean height of
boys 6–11 years of age increasing 0.8
inches and the mean height of girls 6–11
years of age increasing 0.6 inches.
Among 12–17-year-old teens, the mean
height of boys increased 0.7 inches
while that of girls increased 0.3 inches,
although these findings were not
statistically significant. Mean BMIs for
children are found in table 5. Among
both boys and girls 12–17 years of age
mean BMI increased by more than 4
units between 1963–5 and 1999–2002.
Changes in adult weight and height
are shown in tables 6–9 in both English
and Metric units. On average, both men
and women gained more than 24 pounds
between the early 1960s and 2002.
During the same time period, mean
height increased approximately 1 inch.
In 1999–2002 mean weight of men 20
years and over was almost 190 pounds
while among women the mean weight
was approximately 163 pounds. Mean
height for men in 1999–2002 was
approximately 69 inches and for women
was approximately 64 inches. Changes
in mean BMI (table 10) have also
occurred. Between the early 1960s and
1999–2002 mean BMI for men 20–74
years of age increased from just over 25
to almost 28. Similarly, for women
mean BMI increased from almost 25 to
just over 28.
Changes in average weight by
race/ethnicity are shown in tables 11 and
12. Between NHANES III and
NHANES 1999–2002 mean weight of
non-Hispanic white adults increased
approximately 10 pounds. Among
non-Hispanic black or African American
men the increase was approximately 8
pounds, but among black or African
American men 60 years and over the
increase was over 13 pounds. The
average weight of non-Hispanic black or
African American women increased
approximately 13 pounds with the
largest increase in the 20–39 year age
group (more than 16 pounds). Among
Mexican Americans the increase was
4–5 pounds. However, the increase in
average weight among Mexican
American men 60–74 years of age
between HHANES in the early 1980s
and NHANES 1999–2002 was over 19
pounds. Between NHANES III and
NHANES 1999–2002 average height
increased less than one-half an inch for
non-Hispanic white persons, non-
Hispanic black or African American
persons, and Mexican American persons
(tables 13 and 14). Table 15 shows mean
BMIs by race/ethnicity. Among
non-Hispanic white persons, non-
Hispanic black or African American, and
Mexican Americans mean BMI has
increased. Among Mexican Americans
20–74 years of age mean BMI increased
approximately 2 units for both men and
women between 1982–4 and 1999–
2002. Non-Hispanic black or African
American women 20 years and over
have seen a similar increase between
1988–94 and 1999–2002.
Conclusions
Average weight has increased
dramatically in the last 40 years with
the greatest increases seen in adults.
Mean BMI has also increased. Although
height has also increased this increase
has been much more modest.
References1. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL,
Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends
in obesity among U.S. adults,
1999–2000. JAMA 288:1723–7.
2002.
2. Ogden CL, Flegal KM, Carroll MD,
Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends
in overweight among U.S. children
and adolescents, 1999–2000. JAMA
288:1728–32. 2002.
3. Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CL,
Carroll, MD, Curtin LR, Flegal KM.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity
among U.S. children, adolescents,
and adults, 1999–2002. JAMA
291:2847–50. 2004.
4. Flegal KM, Troiano RP. Changes in
the distribution of body mass index
of adults and children in the U.S.
population. Int J Obes Relat Metab
Disord 24(7):807–18. 2000.
5. More information on the NHANES
survey design and data collection
methods, as well as public-use
microdata files, can be found at the
NHANES Web site: http://
www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm.
6. Wolter KM. Introduction to variance
estimation, New York: Springer-
Verlag. 1990.
7. Skinner CJ, Holt D, Smith TMF.
Analysis of complex surveys,
Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
1989.
2 Advance Data No. 347 + October 27, 2004
Table 6. Mean weight (pounds) by survey, sex, and age group; adults: United States
Sex and age
NHES I, 1960–62 NHANES I, 1971–74 NHANES II, 1976–80 NHANES III, 1988–94 NHANES 1999–2002
Samplesize Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the mean
Male1
20 years and over . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7,755 181.3 0.8 4,314 189.8
20–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,895 166.3 0.7 4,992 173.4 0.6 5,604 173.8 0.4 6,860 182.4 0.8 3,791 191.0
20–29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 163.9 1.6 986 169.6 1.3 1,261 167.9 1.0 1,638 172.5 1.4 712 183.4
30–39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 169.9 1.4 654 178.1 1.7 871 175.5 0.9 1,468 182.3 2.0 704 189.1
40–49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 649 169.1 1.4 715 177.6 1.2 695 179.7 1.0 1,220 187.3 1.7 776 196.0
50–59 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 167.7 1.3 717 173.2 1.1 691 176.0 1.3 851 189.2 1.2 598 195.4
60–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 158.9 1.5 1,920 165.4 1.0 2,086 167.5 1.0 1,683 180.8 1.1 1,001 191.5
75 years and over . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 895 166.0 1.5 523 172.7
Female1
20 years and over . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8,483 153.0 0.9 4,299 162.9
20–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,231 140.2 0.5 7,919 144.2 0.6 6,161 145.4 0.6 7,461 154.1 0.9 3,745 164.3
20–29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 672 127.7 0.9 2,122 133.9 0.8 1,290 135.7 1.0 1,663 141.7 1.4 656 156.5
30–39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 749 138.8 1.2 1,654 144.4 1.1 964 145.5 1.4 1,773 154.4 1.8 699 163.0
40–49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 759 142.8 1.1 1,232 148.7 1.3 765 148.8 1.4 1,355 157.5 1.8 787 168.2
50–59 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 146.5 1.3 780 148.2 1.4 793 150.4 1.3 996 163.4 1.8 593 169.2
60–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 147.3 1.2 2,131 146.3 1.0 2,349 146.9 0.8 1,674 154.2 1.0 1,010 164.7
75 years and over . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,022 139.4 1.3 554 146.6
- - - Data not available.1Statistically significant trend or difference p<0.05 for all years available.
NOTE: NHES I: National Health Examination Survey, Cycle I, ages 20–74 years; and NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Table 7. Mean weight (kilograms) by survey, sex, and age group; adults: United States
Sex and age
NHES I, 1960–62 NHANES I, 1971–74 NHANES II, 1976–80 NHANES III, 1988–94 NHANES 1999–2002
Samplesize Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the mean
Male1
20 years and over . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7,755 82.3 0.3 4,314 86.1
20–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,895 75.6 0.3 4,992 78.8 0.3 5,604 79.0 0.2 6,860 82.9 0.4 3,791 86.8
20–29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 74.5 0.7 986 77.1 0.6 1,261 76.3 0.5 1,638 78.4 0.6 712 83.4
30–39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 77.2 0.6 654 81.0 0.8 871 79.8 0.4 1,468 82.9 0.9 704 86.0
40–49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 649 76.9 0.6 715 80.7 0.5 695 81.7 0.5 1,220 85.1 0.8 776 89.1
50–59 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 76.2 0.6 717 78.7 0.5 691 80.0 0.6 851 86.0 0.5 598 88.8
60–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 72.2 0.7 1,920 75.2 0.4 2,086 76.1 0.5 1,683 82.2 0.5 1,001 87.1
75 years and over . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 895 75.4 0.7 523 78.5
Female1
20 years and over . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8,483 69.5 0.4 4,299 74.0
20–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,231 63.7 0.2 7,919 65.6 0.3 6,161 66.1 0.3 7,461 70.0 0.4 3,745 74.7
20–29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 672 58.0 0.4 2,122 60.9 0.4 1,290 61.7 0.5 1,663 64.4 0.6 656 71.1
30–39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 749 63.1 0.5 1,654 65.6 0.5 964 66.1 0.6 1,773 70.2 0.8 699 74.1
40–49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 759 64.9 0.5 1,232 67.6 0.6 765 67.6 0.6 1,355 71.6 0.8 787 76.5
50–59 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 66.6 0.6 780 67.4 0.6 793 68.4 0.6 996 74.3 0.8 593 76.9
60–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 67.0 0.6 2,131 66.5 0.4 2,349 66.8 0.4 1,674 70.1 0.5 1,010 74.9
75 years and over . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,022 63.4 0.6 554 66.6
- - - Data not available.1Statistically significant trend or difference p<0.05 for all years available.
NOTE: NHES I: National Health Examination Survey, Cycle I, ages 20–74 years; and NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Table 8. Mean height (inches) by survey, sex, and age group adults: United States
Sex and age
NHES I, 1960–62 NHANES I, 1971–74 NHANES II, 1976–80 NHANES III, 1988–94 NHANES 1999–2002
Samplesize Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the mean
Male
20 years and over1 . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7,757 69.0 0.1 4,341 69.2
20–74 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,895 68.3 0.1 4,992 68.9 0.1 5,604 69.1 0.1 6,862 69.2 0.1 3,836 69.4
20–29 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 68.9 0.1 986 69.7 0.2 1,261 69.7 0.1 1,639 69.3 0.1 724 69.6
30–39 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 68.9 0.1 654 69.3 0.1 871 69.4 0.1 1,468 69.5 0.1 717 69.5
40–49 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 649 68.3 0.1 715 69.1 0.1 695 69.3 0.1 1,220 69.4 0.1 784 69.7
50–59 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 67.8 0.1 717 68.5 0.2 691 68.8 0.1 851 69.2 0.1 601 69.2
60–74 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 67.0 0.2 1,920 67.6 0.1 2,086 67.8 0.1 1,684 68.3 0.1 1,010 68.6
75 years and over . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 895 67.2 0.1 505 67.4
Female
20 years and over . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8,498 63.7 0.1 4,308 63.8
20–74 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,231 63.1 0.1 7,919 63.6 0.0 6,161 63.7 0.0 7,473 63.9 0.1 3,770 64.0
20–29 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 672 63.7 0.1 2,122 64.1 0.1 1,290 64.3 0.1 1,665 64.1 0.1 663 64.1
30–39 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 749 63.7 0.1 1,654 64.1 0.1 964 64.2 0.1 1,776 64.3 0.1 708 64.2
40–49 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 759 63.2 0.1 1,232 63.9 0.1 765 63.9 0.1 1,354 64.1 0.1 794 64.3
50–59 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 62.6 0.1 780 63.2 0.1 793 63.2 0.1 998 63.7 0.1 601 63.9
60–74 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 61.8 0.1 2,131 62.4 0.1 2,349 62.5 0.1 1,680 62.9 0.1 1,004 63.0
75 years and over1 . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,025 61.5 0.1 538 62.0
- - - Data not available.1Statistically significant trend or difference p<0.05 for all years available.
NOTE: NHES I: National Health Examination Survey, Cycle I, ages 20–74 years; and NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Table 9. Mean height (centimeters) by survey, sex, and age group; adults: United States
Sex and age
NHES I, 1960–62 NHANES I, 1971–74 NHANES II, 1976–80 NHANES III, 1988–94 NHANES 1999–2002
Samplesize Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the mean
Male
20 years and over1 . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7,757 175.4 0.1 4,341 175.8
20–74 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,895 173.4 0.2 4,992 175.1 0.2 5,604 175.4 0.2 6,862 175.8 0.1 3,836 176.2
20–29 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 175.0 0.3 986 177.1 0.4 1,261 177.1 0.3 1,639 176.1 0.3 724 176.7
30–39 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 174.9 0.3 654 176.1 0.3 871 176.3 0.3 1,468 176.6 0.3 717 176.4
40–49 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 649 173.4 0.4 715 175.5 0.3 695 175.9 0.3 1,220 176.3 0.3 784 177.2
50–59 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 172.3 0.4 717 174.0 0.4 691 174.7 0.3 851 175.8 0.3 601 175.8
60–74 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 170.2 0.4 1,920 171.8 0.3 2,086 172.1 0.2 1,684 173.6 0.2 1,010 174.4
75 years and over . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 895 170.7 0.3 505 171.3
Female
20 years and over . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8,498 161.8 0.1 4,308 162.0
20–74 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,231 160.2 0.2 7,919 161.6 0.1 6,161 161.8 0.1 7,473 162.3 0.1 3,770 162.5
20–29 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 672 161.8 0.3 2,122 162.8 0.1 1,290 163.3 0.2 1,665 162.8 0.2 663 162.8
30–39 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 749 161.8 0.3 1,654 162.9 0.2 964 163.1 0.2 1,776 163.4 0.3 708 163.0
40–49 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 759 160.5 0.2 1,232 162.3 0.3 765 162.3 0.3 1,354 162.8 0.3 794 163.4
50–59 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 158.9 0.3 780 160.4 0.2 793 160.5 0.3 998 161.8 0.3 601 162.3
60–74 years1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 157.1 0.3 2,131 158.6 0.2 2,349 158.8 0.2 1,680 159.8 0.2 1,004 160.0
75 years and over1 . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,025 156.2 0.4 538 157.4
- - - Data not available.1Statistically significant trend or difference p<0.05 for all years available.
NOTE: NHES I: National Health Examination Survey, Cycle I, ages 20–74 years; and NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Table 10. Mean body mass index (BMI) by survey, sex, and age group; adults: United States
Sex and age
NHES I, 1960–62 NHANES I, 1971–74 NHANES II, 1976–80 NHANES III, 1988–94 NHANES 1999–2002
Samplesize Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the meanSample
size Mean
Standarderror of
the mean
Male1
20 years and over . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7,755 26.7 0.1 4,262 27.8
20–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,895 25.1 0.1 4,992 25.7 0.1 5,604 25.6 0.1 6,860 26.8 0.1 3,775 27.9
20–29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 24.3 0.2 986 24.5 0.1 1,261 24.3 0.1 1,638 25.2 0.2 712 26.6
30–39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 25.2 0.2 654 26.1 0.2 871 25.6 0.1 1,468 26.5 0.2 704 27.5
40–49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 649 25.6 0.2 715 26.2 0.2 695 26.4 0.2 1,220 27.3 0.2 774 28.4
50–59 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 25.6 0.2 717 26.0 0.2 691 26.2 0.2 851 27.8 0.2 594 28.7
60–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 24.9 0.2 1,920 25.4 0.1 2,086 25.7 0.1 1,683 27.2 0.2 991 28.6
75 years and over . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 895 25.9 0.2 487 26.8
Female1
20 years and over . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8,480.0 26.5 0.1 4,243 28.1
20–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,231 24.9 0.1 7,919 25.1 0.1 6,161 25.3 0.1 7,459.0 26.6 0.2 3,719 28.2
20–29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 672 22.2 0.2 2,122 23.0 0.1 1,290 23.1 0.2 1,663.0 24.3 0.2 654 26.8
30–39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 749 24.1 0.2 1,654 24.7 0.2 964 24.9 0.2 1,773.0 26.3 0.3 698 27.9
40–49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 759 25.2 0.2 1,232 25.7 0.2 765 25.7 0.2 1,354.0 27.1 0.3 783 28.6
50–59 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 26.4 0.2 780 26.2 0.2 793 26.5 0.2 996.0 28.4 0.3 591 29.2
60–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 27.2 0.2 2,131 26.5 0.2 2,349 26.5 0.1 1,673.0 27.4 0.2 993 29.2
75 years and over . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,021.0 25.9 0.2 524 26.8
- - - Data not available.1Statistically significant trend or difference p<0.05 for all years available.
NOTES: BMI is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by square of height in meters. NHES I: National Health Examination Survey, Cycle I, ages 20–74 years; and NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Suggested citation
Ogden CL, Fryar CD, Carroll MD, Flegal KM.Mean body weight, height, and body mass
index, United States 1960–2002. Advancedata from vital and health statistics; no 347.
Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center forHealth Statistics. 2004.
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