heather l. fisher educ 7100 dr. henry pratt november 2009 technology timeline project: toffler’s...
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HEATHER L . FISHEREDUC 7100
DR. HENRY PRATTNOVEMBER 2009
Technology Timeline Project:
Toffler’s Waves & Beyond
Toffler’s Waves…Extended?Agricultural Age – 1st Wave:
Wave Begins - 8000 BCWave Completed - 1750 AD
Industrial Age – 2nd Wave:Wave Begins – 1750 ADWave Completed – 1950 AD
Information Age – 3rd Wave:Wave Begins – 1950 ADWave Incomplete – not all members of society have
equal accessCommunication Age – 4th Wave
Wave Begins - ~2000 ADWave is ongoing…
Agricultural Age – 1st WavePeople dependent on land for food and
livelihood
Extended families live together to meet needs
Communication limited – in person communication, Pony Express, etc.
During this age travel is by foot, horseback, or horse and carriage
Industrial Age – 2nd WavePeople begin to work outside the home –
factory work, town stores, etc.Families begin to separate – no longer need
as many people to provide livingGrowth of industry – factories, warehouses,
etc.Automobiles, planes, and trains are
available for transportation Communication becomes easier – phones,
mail service extended, telegraph, etc.
Information Age – 3rd AgeSingle family homes are the norm
Both parents working outside the norm
Technology more common in workplace – computers, fax machines, cellular phones, etc.
Children enjoy electronic amusements – video games, Internet, RC toys, etc.
Communication Age – 4th WavePortable learning and communication via
cell phones, Ipods, and laptops
Wireless communications is prevalent
Online classes and Virtual classrooms available
Texting, instant messaging, and e-mail are avenues of communication
Key Technology: 1900-1909
1901 – Marconi makes transatlantic telephone call
1903 – First moving picture released – “The Great Train Robbery”
1903 – Wright brothers take first flight 1905 – Einstein’s Theory of Relativity “e=mc2 “ 1908 – Ford releases Model T automobile 1908 – Vail creates first telephone headset 1910 – Forerunner of IBM formed from merger
of three companies – Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR Co.)
Work and Business: 1900-19091901 – Congress votes on adoption of metric
system as standard for weights & measures1903 – Ford Motor company founded1907 – “Panic of 1907” financial crisis1908 – Vail standardizes telephone headsets
Education: 1900-1909
Average teacher salary $325 annually 1901- 1st educational films 1904 – Dewey – students learn best from
world around them 1907 – Montessori method of individual
needs Behaviorism begins to take hold
SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1900-1909 1901 – President Theodore Roosevelt 1901 – Freud publishes The
Interpretation of Dreams 1904 – Panama Canal begun 1906 – Sinclair publishes The Jungle 1906 – Food and Drug Act, Meat
Inspection Act passed to protect consumers
1909 – NAACP founded 1909 – President Taft
MEDICINE: 1900-1909
1901 – ABO blood groups discovered 1906 – Hopkins proposes existence of
vitamins 1907 – 1st skin test for TB 1908 – 1st successful blood transfusion using
ABO typing system
Key Technology: 1910-1919
1912 – hand-cranked movie camera replaced by motorized camera
1914 – Ford’s automatic conveyor belt able to produce a car every 93 minutes
1915 – First transatlantic telephone call 1917 – Sonar invented 1919 – Radio first broadcast
Work and Business: 1910-19191913 – Automobile assembly line
revolutionizes factory production1914 – Ford standardizes pay scale and
increases minimum wage in his factory1919 – 1st transatlantic flight makes distance
travel feasible1920 – Hanes Knitting Company expands
product lineDuring WWI, women leave the home and
enter the workforce in new areas
Education: 1910-1919
1909 – Junior High Schools begin in California 1911 – The Edison Company begins series of
educational films 1912 – Burk develops individualized approach –
lessons allow students to learn at own rate 1913 – Watson’s Behaviorist Manifesto 1914 – Educational Motion Picture Bureau, Inc.
produce 1st syllabi with films 1916 – Dewey’s Democracy & Education 1917 – Thorndike Arithmetics published 1918 – 1st official teacher education course at Univ. of
Minnesota 1919 – Visual instruction movement begins
SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1910-1919 Travel becoming popular – by boat,
train, car 1910 – Boy Scouts of America
established 1912 – President Wilson 1912 – Titanic sinks 1913 – Federal Income Tax 1914 – World War I begins
Women take more active role outside home 1918-1919 – Spanish Influenza
pandemic globally
MEDICINE: 1910-1919
1910 – Iodine first used as antiseptic 1911 – Mechanism of human heart beat
documented 1913 – White pioneers use of ECG 1918-1919 – Spanish Influenza pandemic
Key Technology: 1920-1929
1921 – Einstein wins Nobel Prize for theories on photoelectric effect
1923 – 1st movies with sound – “Talkies” 1923 – Television created 1924 – CTR Co. officially becomes IBM
Corporation, having outgrown its roots 1927 – 1st commercial radio network formed
with 16 stations – United Independent Broadcasters
1929 – Bell Telephone Laboratories gives first public demonstration of color TV broadcast
Work and Business: 1920-19291923 – Frozen foods available, more food
available to masses in and out of season1929 – Paper currency standardized, making
detection of counterfeit bills easier1929 – Stock market crash ends “Roaring
Twenties” air of progress and success, harbinger of Great Depression
Women stayed in the workforce after WWI over
Mass production of automobiles allows for commuting, better transport of goods, and travel for leisure
Education: 1920-1929
This decade saw 3 stages of the Visual Instruction Movement – school museums, slide libraries, and educational film libraries
The Motion Picture Project of the American Council on Education led to a series of films out of Yale University and led to many instructional techniques
1925 – Supreme Court rules that students may attend private schools instead of public schools
1925 – Scopes Monkey Trial debates teaching of evolution
SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1920-1929 The Roaring 20s are a prosperous, free-
spirited time with a fast pace 1920 – US women granted right to vote 1921 – President Harding, Teapot Dome
scandal 1923 – President Coolidge 1929 – President Hoover
MEDICINE: 1920-1929
1921 – The Band-Aid invented 1921 – Determined that Vitamin D deficiency
causes ricketts 1922 – Insulin first used to treat diabetes 1928 – Fleming discovers penicillin
Key Technology: 1930-1939
1931 – DuPont Chemical Corporation explores artificial materials – inventing nylon and neoprene
1932 – Polaroid camera created 1932 – Public Television Broadcasting begins 1933 – E. H. Armstrong invents Frequency
Modulation (FM) for radio broadcasting 1935 – Radar invented 1935 – Electronic typewriter invented 1937 – C. F. Carlson invents photocopier 1939 – Atomic energy discovered
Work and Business: 1930-1939The Great Depression strikes America – large
portions of the population out of work1932 – 1 in 4 workers unemployedDrought in mid-west leads to Dust Bowl1939 – manufacturing increases, easing
depression1935 – Social Security Act, Wagner Act1938 – Wages and Hours Act passedMechanical accounting machinery,
calculators, and cash registers allows for more efficient business
Education: 1930-1939
1931 – “Dick and Jane” readers first published 1932 – Public Television Broadcasting begins 1932 – Department of Visual Instruction proposes
teacher training in visual education be required 1933 – Many schools close because of Depression 1934 – FCC created – radio becomes briefly
important in education 1935 – Film and Radio Guides – fosters
cooperation between schools and theatrical motion pictures
SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1930-1939 The Great Depression and Dust Bowl cause
unemployment and hunger Social Security Act, Wagner Act, public works
projects designed to help citizens with difficulties 1932 – Amelia Earhart 1st woman to fly solo
across Atlantic Ocean 1933 – President Franklin Roosevelt, New Deal 1934 – Jesse Owens wins gold at Berlin
Olympics 1936 – Orson Wells broadcasts War of the
Worlds 1937 – Hindenburg disaster 1937 – Earhart disappears 1939 – World War II begins in Europe
MEDICINE: 1930-1939
1935 – Cortisone used to treat rheumatoid arthritis for 1st time
1935 – 1st vaccine – for yellow fever – developed
1935 – 1st sulfa drug discovered 1937 – 1st blood bank – in Chicago 1937 – 1st heart-lung machine
Key Technology: 1940-1949
1940 – Color television 1942 –Fermi’s team creates atomic power 1943 – Cousteau & Gagnon create
aqualung 1944 – Harvard MARK I computer, weighs
~5 tons 1945 – ENIAC computer completed 1946 – Microwave oven invented 1947 – First mobile phone invented
Work and Business: 1940-1949WWII causes increase in manufacturing jobs
and return of women to workforceFinancial strategists research economic/trade
solutions beginning in early 40sThe World Bank, International Monetary Fund,
General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade are the result by
1948 – Curta portable mechanical calculator
Education: 1940-1949
1941 – 1st office of Education Training Films developed for military Use of films in training extensive
1944 – GI Bill signed by FDR 1946 – Mendez vs Westminster & California
Board of Education – ruled unlawful to education Mexican children separately – sets precedent for Brown vs Board of Education
1947 – Institute of Communication Research at University of Illinois
SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1940-1949 1941 – Pearl Harbor attacked by
Japanese – US enters World War II 1945 – President Truman 1945 - Manhattan Project develops
atomic bombBombs dropped on Japanese cities of
Hiroshima & Nagasaki to force Japanese surrender
1946 – Winston Churchill coins term “Iron Curtain” in a speech
1947 – Jackie Robinson integrates baseball
1949 – NATO established
MEDICINE: 1940-1949
1940 – 1st synthetic penicillin produced 1942 – Dussik publishes 1st paper on
ultrasound 1943 – Antibiotic streptomycin discovered 1945 – 1st vaccine for influenza 1949 – 1st intraocular lens implanted
Key Technology: 1950-1959
1950 – 1st credit card available 1951 – UNIVAC computer 1952 – 1st hydrogen bomb 1953 – IBM introduces the 701, the first IBM
computer 1954 – 1st photovoltaic cells 1956 – First computer hard disk used 1957 – 1st nuclear power plant reaches full
design power 1957 – Sputnik I launched 1958 – 1st integrated processor, or microchip
Work and Business: 1950-19591951 – UNIVAC computer able to process
large amounts of data1954 – 1st programmable industrial robot1958 – Microchip begins era of
miniaturization of machinery needed for business
1959 – Concept of Gross National Product introduced
Education: 1950-1959
1950 – Piaget models of cognitive development in children
1953 – Skinner publishes Science and Human Behavior
1954 – Supreme Court rules on Brown vs Board of Education - beginning of equality in schools
1957 – 1st teaching machines introduced
SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1950-1959 Television increasingly popular Tension building between US and USSR
Cold War – no physical altercations, only the threat
1950 – Korean War begins 1951 – Truman signs peace treaty with Japan 1953 – President Eisenhower 1955 – Disneyland opens 1955 – Rosa Parks – begins Civil Rights
Movement 1957 – Launch of Sputnik I sparks “Space
Race” with Soviet Union
MEDICINE: 1950-1959
1950 – 1st cardiac pacemaker 1953 – Structure of DNA discovered 1953 – Gibbon performs 1st open heart
surgery 1954 – 1st kidney transplant 1955 – Salk develops polio vaccine 1955 – 1st contraceptive pill
Key Technology: 1960-1969
1960 – Laser invented 1960 – 1st weather satellite 1962 – 1st computer game 1964 – BASIC language invented 1965 – Optical disk patented 1965 – Texas Instruments creates 1st
portable calculator 1966 – RCA mobile radio 1966 – Fiber optics created
Work and Business: 1960-19691960 – OPEC formed – controls fuel pricesDiscount chain stores first open – increases
competition with local stores1962 – Telstar communications satellite
launchedAmount of technology available for business
rapidly increasesAffirmative action influences who gets jobs
Education: 1960-1969
1960 – 1st African American attends elementary school in New Orleans
1963 – Supreme Court rules to remove Bible reading and prayer from schools
1963 – Keller’s personalized system of instruction
1964 – ERIC created as clearinghouse for educational information
1969 – Portable calculator eases mathematic calculations
SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1960-1969 1961 – President Kennedy – Bay of Pigs 1961 – Peace Corps founded 1961 – Soviets launch 1st man into space 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 – Affirmative Action begins 1963 – JFK assassination, President Johnson 1963 – MLK “I Have a Dream” speech 1965 – US troops to Vietnam 1966 – FDIC formed 1969 – President Nixon 1969 – Apollo 12 lands on moon
MEDICINE: 1960-1969
1962 – Congress creates Medicare & Medicaid programs
1963 - Fogarty invents balloon embolectomy catheter
1964 – 1st vaccine for measles 1965 – Warning label first required on
cigarette packaging 1965 – 1st portable defibrillator 1967 – 1st vaccine for mumps 1967 – 1st human heart transplant
Key Technology: 1970-1979
1970 –1st floppy disk 1971 – 1st VCR 1972 – 1st e-mail 1973 – Cell phones available 1975 – Bill Gates forms Microsoft 1977 – 1st home computers 1978 – Word processor available 1979 – 1st Walkman available
Work and Business: 1970-1979Computers make workers more efficient, leading to loss
of jobs1971 – Floppy disk changes data storage capability1972 – E-mail revolutionizes communications1973 – Cellular phones increase communication capacity1973 – OPEC embargo leads to energy crisis
Research in alternate energy sources creates new jobs1975 – Microsoft founded – software would change
document handling in businesses – fewer secretaries needed
Social changes affect the roles of women in the workplace
Education: 1970-1979
1971 – PLATO and TICCIT projects of Computer-Assisted Instruction begun
1973 – Rehabilitation Act establishes “504 Plans” to provide accommodations to students with non-special education disabilities
1977 – Availability of home computers begins to effect education
Late 70s sees emergence of Cognitive theories of learning as an active process involving the brain
SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1970-1979 1970 – 1st Earth Day celebration 1971 – Greenpeace formed 1972 – Watergate scandal begins 1973 – Roe vs Wade – abortion legal in US 1973 – OPEC embargo – Energy Crisis begins 1974 – Nixon resigns – President Ford 1975 – Vietnam War ends 1977 – President Carter 1979 – Three Mile Island nuclear reactor
accident raises controversy over nuclear power plants
MEDICINE: 1970-1979
1973 – 1st genetic engineering experiments undertaken
1974 – 1st vaccine for chicken pox 1978 – MRI scanner invented 1978 – 1st test-tube baby born 1978 – 1st vaccine for meningitis
Key Technology: 1980-1989
1980 – Nintendo Entertainment System 1981 – 1st IBM personal computer
available 1981 – MS-DOS system 1983 – “Star Wars” defense system
proposed 1984 – Apple Macintosh invented 1985 – Windows operating system
released 1985 – CD-ROM first available
Work and Business: 1980-1989The era of “Reaganomics” and the YuppieA decade of corporations – hostile takeovers, big
mergers, big buyouts, and the billionaire1980 – Savings and Loan failure1982 – Record unemployment
The 80s saw an increased interest in energy-savings and energy efficiency – creating jobs in this area
Political changes in Europe lead to increased international business
The computer age is in full swing – first appearance of telecommuting
Education: 1980-1989
1980 – Microcomputer use reaches schools – mostly drill and practice, but also some CAI
1982 – Board of Education vs Pico – Supreme Court rules that books may not be removed from libraries by administrators because of content
1986 – Challenger space shuttle explodes – Christa McAuliffe was to have been 1st teacher in space – children across the country are watching the launch
SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1980-1989 1981 – President Reagan - Reaganomics 1981 – 1st woman on US Supreme Court “Cold War” with Soviet Union gives fear
of nuclear holocaust to many 1984 – Live Aid concerts raise
awareness of famine in Africa 1989 – President George H. Bush,
Michael Gorbachev, glasnost 1989 – Exxon Valdez oil spill
MEDICINE: 1980-1989
1980 – Smallpox eradicated 1981 – 1st vaccine for hepatitis B 1982 – 1st artificial heart implanted 1983 – HIV virus identified 1984 – Technique for genetic fingerprinting
developed 1985 – Artificial kidney dialysis machine
invented 1987 – DNA evidence used for first time to
convict a criminal
Key Technology: 1990-1999
1990 – World Wide Web and Internet protocol created by Berners-Lee
1993 – Pentium processor released 1993 – 1st GPS satellite 1997 – “Dolly “cloned This decade gave us firewall protection
from viruses, spyware, and other hacker-created dangers online
Work and Business: 1990-19991990 – Unemployment at record low
Jobs shifting from blue collar to more white collarBiotechnology and computer industry create many new jobs
1990 – Clean Air Act has impact on industry1992 – World Wide Web changes communications1993 – NavStar satellite system launched – increased
travel easier with GPS1994 – NAFTA causes changes for business Computers getting smaller and faster – business is more
portable and efficientComputer literacy an important skill for first timeMobil phones become the norm, not the exception
Education: 1990-1999
1990 – IDEA law updated – provides for accommodations for special education students
1991 – Minnesota passes 1st charter school law
Computer literacy becomes important for first time Computers are much more common in
homes and schools, as well as business World Wide Web offers communication and
research opportunities previously not possible
SOCIETY & CULTURE: 1990-1999 1990 – Iraq attacks Kuwait - Gulf War
begins 1991 – Magic Johnson announces he is
HIV+ 1992 – Cold War ends 1993 – World Trade Center in NYC
bombed 1993 – President Clinton 1993 – Nelson Mandela freed in South
Africa 1997 – Princess Diana dies 1998 – Monica Lewinsky scandal,
President Clinton impeached
MEDICINE: 1990-1999
1992 – 1st vaccine for hepatitis A 1995 – Dolly the sheep is first cloned animal 1996 – Mad Cow Disease causes scare over
tainted beef 1998 – Controversial stem cell research
begins
Key Technology: 2000-2009
2001 – Apple releases the I-Pod 2002 – BlackBerry released 2003 – US joins negotiations for
construction and operations of an international fusion project
2005 – YouTube created 2005 – Interactive Whiteboards available 2007 – Apple releases IPhone This decade has seen a vast increase in
wireless technology
Work and Business: 2000-2009Increased wireless capabilities lead to big changes –
travel, telecommuting, communicationsText and email are preferred by many to phone or mail
Increased focus on environmentally friendly practices – going green is applaudedCompanies specializing in green technology growing
2008 – Banks failWorldCom Chapter 11 protection is largest such filing in US
history2009 – US in economic recession, unemployment
skyrockets2008 – American Recovery & Reinvestment Act presents
biomass technology opportunities – potential new job area
Education: 2000-2009
2001 – No Child Left Behind Act passes 2004 – IDEA law reauthorized and
modified 2004 – Partnership for 21st Century Skills
created to build collaborative relationships between education and business
2005 – Interactive Whiteboard technology available
2007 – Partnership for 21st Century Skills releases teacher resource, Route 21
SOCIETY & CULTURE: 2000-2009 2001 – President George W. Bush 2001 – 9-11 terrorist attacks – lead to passing of
Patriot Act and formation of Department of Homeland Security
2002 – War in Afghanistan against Taliban 2003 – Space Shuttle Columbia explodes on re-
entry from damaged heat shield 2003 – War in Iraq, Saddam Hussein overthrown,
captured, tried, & executed 2008 – Barack Obama becomes first African
American US President 2009 – Sotomayor becomes first Latina on US
Supreme Court 2009 – Michael Jackson dies, doctor charged
MEDICINE: 2000-2009
2002 – SARS reported in China and scare spreads globally
2006 – 1st vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV)
2008-2009 – H1N1 influenza virus becomes pandemic
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