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Heat to PowerSafely, Economically
and Efficiently
Global Methane Initiative
Krakow, Poland
October 13, 2011
Audrey Mascarenhas
QUESTOR TECHNOLOGY INC.
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Coal Methane Challenges
Quality and composition of the methane gas
Understanding of the quantity of gases
Variable flow rates and composition overthe life of the project
Availability of end use options
Economics of mitigation1
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Methane Sources
CBM Coal Bed Methane
CMM Coal Mine Methane
AMM Abandoned Mine Methane
VAM Ventilated Air Methane
VAM gas typically has a low methane content (< 1%)
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions
The Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane is 21 timeshigher than that of CO2 and therefore inefficient combustionincreases the greenhouse gases emitted.
For example: 19 mscf/d of waste methane gas generates thefollowing daily CO2 emissions :
T/d T/yr
Vented 7.6 2,775
65% combustion efficiency 3.3 1,205
80% combustion efficiency 2.3 840
100% combustion efficiency 1.0 365
99.99% Efficient combustion converts the methane to CO2 and H2O
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Combustion of MethaneCH4 + 2 O2 = heat + CO2 + 2 H2O
Poor combustion results in the creation of:
CH4, CO, particulates
Black carbon
Over 250 compounds
Volatile organic hydrocarbons or VOCs benzene
Sulfur compounds - H2S, carbon disulf ides, mercaptans
Negative impact on air quality, human health and climate
99.99% efficiency requires the right mixture of fuel and air
Methane + Oxygen = heat + Carbon Dioxide + Water
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Efficient CombustionWelltesting/Workover Gas processing Acid gas
Italy Crossfield gas plant Clayhurst, Alberta
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Coal Mine Venting 5 MMscf/d of methane
Resulting in 736,000 tonnes of CO2e/yr
Incinerating at 99.99% efficiencyeliminates 640,000 tonnes of CO2e
Carbon credits valued at $15/tonne ofCO2e
Annual gross revenue = $ 9.6 million7
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Options for the Energy
Electricity generation
Pipeline distribution
On site heating
Heating of mine ventilation air Town gas
Coal drying
Produced water vaporization
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EVAPORATOR
CONDENSER
ORC Power Plant
PUMP
PUMP
QTI-HX-PG
HeatQuestExchanger
HeatQuest Heat to Power
Waste GasIncinerator
TURBINE GENERATOR
Waste gasCombustion
Wastegasesfrom
varioussources
Optional: Excess heatfrom other sources
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Technical Advantages
Gas does not have to be cleaned or haveH2S removed
No moving parts - Reduced downtime andmaintenance
Easily accommodates changing flow ratesand composition
Portable skid mounted
Economic12
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Portable Trailerized Units
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Oil SandsIn-situ Combustion and SAGD Projects
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0
5
10
15
20
25
3035
40
45
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
20MJ/m3
12MJ/m3
FuelSavin
gs($M
/year)
Annual Operating Cost Savings
Waste Gas Flow Rate (MM scfd)
Waste gas = 4.7 MJ/m3 Fuel Gas Price $3.86 Fuel Gas = 37 MJ/m315
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Conclusions
Improved coal mine safety and productivity
Methane emissions reduced - air quality improved
Replacement of Fossil fuel energy sources with
green energy
Additional revenue generated from the sale of
heat, power and carbon credits
Measurable and cost effective improvement
over existing flaring and venting practices16
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