heat management and clothing for outdoor travel
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© 2011 Appalachian Mountain Club
Heat Management and Clothing for Outdoor Travel
Heat Management and Clothing for Outdoor Travel
Clothing for outdoor activities
– Technical clothing helps your body maintain an optimal temperature.
© 2011 Appalachian Mountain Club
So What Are We Up Against?So What Are We Up Against?
Mount Washington– July 20, 1996 avg. windspeed 100 mph - entire day!-– July maximum typical 54 F, record low 24F
For every 1000 feet of elevation gained the temperature goes down about 5 degrees
Tops of mountains have their own weather – clouds, fog, drizzle sit on a summit even on a perfect summer day
© 2011 Appalachian Mountain Club
Clothing for Outdoor ActivitiesClothing for Outdoor Activities
THE LAYERING PRINCIPLE– Keeps you warm when it’s cold, cool when warm, dry
when wet, breathes well to keep you dry inside out» WICKING Layer - stay dry inside» INSULATING Layer - traps heat» WATER/WIND PROOF Layer - protection shell
– Know how to use layers effectively
© 2011 Appalachian Mountain Club
Ways You Lose and Gain HeatWays You Lose and Gain Heat
MECHANISMS OF HEAT TRANSFER – Conduction: contact with cold surface– Convection: wind chill– Radiation: direct sun– Evaporative cooling: sweating, wind
© 2011 Appalachian Mountain Club
Ways You Lose HeatWays You Lose Heat
Mechanisms of heat transfer:
– Evaporation – staying dry is key to staying warm
© 2011 Appalachian Mountain Club
A Word about CottonA Word about Cotton
Cotton is dangerous for cool and/or wet conditions:– Cotton absorbs water easily and loses insulating ability!– Stays cold and clammy next to your skin!– Wet cotton conducts heat away from body!!– Wet cotton dries very slowly!!!– Wet cotton can chafe & irritate
CottonCotton=
© 2011 Appalachian Mountain Club
Wicking Layer - Next to SkinWicking Layer - Next to Skin
Main Function– Wick sweat away from skin – Dries quickly– Keeps you dry
Material– Nylon/polyester
© 2011 Appalachian Mountain Club
More Ways You Lose HeatMore Ways You Lose Heat
– Radiation: body heat radiates away from us
– Conduction: body heat flows towards cold air or object
© 2011 Appalachian Mountain Club
Insulating Middle LayerInsulating Middle Layer
Main Function– Trap warm air next to body– Still air is an excellent insulator
Materials– Fleece: great choice– Wool: rugged, dries slowly– Synthetic down: light– Down, like cotton, useless wet
© 2011 Appalachian Mountain Club
Ways You Lose HeatWays You Lose Heat
– Convection: movement of heat by air or water
© 2011 Appalachian Mountain Club
Shell LayerShell Layer
Main Function– Blocks wind – prevents convective heat loss– Blocks rain – keeps you dry
Materials– Waterproof, breathable fabric stops rain, moisture escapes through pores– Coated nylon fabric does not breathe
Features– Vents, pit zips– Split sides on pants– Full side zip pants– Pockets– Zip-off extremities
© 2011 Appalachian Mountain Club
How Does the Shell Work??How Does the Shell Work??
Some Examples:Some Examples:– Windstop fleeceWindstop fleece– SoftshellsSoftshells– ““Transition” by MHTransition” by MH– DriclimeDriclime
© 2011 Appalachian Mountain Club
What to wear, what to wear?!?What to wear, what to wear?!?
Synthetic T shirt Nylon pants or shorts Hiking socks & boots
Always carry:
Extra synthetic T shirt
Fleece jacket
Rain top & bottom
© 2011 Appalachian Mountain Club
How it all works together!How it all works together!
What’s needed – weather, conditions, exposure, exertion, hydration, food intake and cooperative group for lots of strip stops.
Attention to your body – everyone is different and has different body temp needs. Layering is an art not necessarily just a science. Play with it figure out what works for you.
Layering system and how you use it is linked to other important aspects of your trip, including safety and enjoyment. Controls comfort and prevents hypothermia and other related health concerns.
© 2011 Appalachian Mountain Club
In SummaryIn Summary No Cotton – all synthetics all the time on the trail Flexibility Rules
– Have a flexible layering system to keep you warm and dry regardless of the conditions and your activity
– WICK + INSULATE + SHELL– Make sure your layers fit together!
Plan Ahead– Pack extra to ensure you have dry clothes– Your clothing may be your only shelter and warmth if
you’re benighted Keep it dry / Wear it dry
© 2011 Appalachian Mountain Club
CreditsCredits
Mountain Hardware (Large Photos!) Patagonia Mount Washington Observatory REI Duke University Biological Sciences
Scanning Electron Microscope Facility Sierra Designs NikWax Marmot Gore Corporation Outdoor Research Original slides – John Hazell
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