healthy food means a healthy city: changing food culture prof gabriel scally
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Healthy food means a healthy city:changing food culture
Prof Gabriel Scally
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity.
Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19-22 June, 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948.
“Human health is a subsystem of the Earth‘s health. You cannot have well humans on a sick planet. And that is what we are trying to do, with all our technologies: we are trying to have well humans on a sick planet.”
Thomas Berry ,The Mystique of the Earth. Caduceus, Spring 2003, Issue 59.
Farming and Food: A sustainable future
‘Through the development of local food economies, people have more opportunity to buy food from their region, either through supermarkets or more directly. Consumers are health-conscious and take a keen interest in what they eat. They know where it has come from. They know how it was produced. Through their purchasing decisions they reflect their concerns and aspirations for the world we live in.Bodies responsible for health promotion make effective links to food production and preparation as well as diet in the information they provide.’
Report of the Policy Commission on the Future of Farming and Food. 2002
Negative impacts of urbanization on food and nutrition
•increased competition between urban land uses and agriculture land on the urban and peri-urban perimeter;
•increased food supplies required, leading to greater traffic congestion and pollution, and to stress being placed on overloaded food distribution systems;
•changing food consumption habits, with increased demand for convenience and processed foods, increasing food quality and public health concerns; and
•distance of low-income families from markets increasing, meaning additional costs in time and transport to access food.
Food, agriculture and cities: The challenges of food and nutrition security, agriculture and ecosystem management in an urbanizing world. UNFAO Oct 2011
Prevalence of obesity among adults aged 16+ yearsHealth Survey for England 1993-2010
© NOO 2012 Adult (aged 16+) obesity: BMI ≥ 30kg/m2
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Obe
sity
pre
vale
nce
Males Females
8.8%
16.8%
25.0%
33.1%34.2%
30.2%
23.8%
13.9%
18.8%
25.2%
28.5%
30.6%
33.6%
26.3%
16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+
Males Females
Adult obesity prevalence by age and sexHealth Survey for England 2008-2010
© NOO 2012 Adult (aged 16+) obesity: BMI ≥ 30kg/m2
Adult obesity prevalence by social classHealth Survey for England 1997-2008 (5 year moving averages)
© NOO 2012 Adult (aged 16+) obesity: BMI ≥ 30kg/m2
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
I - professional II - managerial technicalIIIn - skilled non-manual IIIm - skilled manualIV - semi-skilled manual V - unskilled manual
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Males Females
Prevalence of obesity among children aged 2-15 yearsHealth Survey for England 1995-2010
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%19
95
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Obe
sity
pre
vale
nce
2-10 years 11-15 years
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference © NOO 2012
10.7%
9.1%
19.0%
15.8%
10.4%
8.8%
20.0%
16.6%
10.3%
8.9%
20.0%
16.5%
10.5%
9.2%
20.4%
17.0%
10.1%
8.8%
20.6%
17.4%
Reception boys Reception girls Year 6 boys Year 6 girls
Year of measurement
2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11
Prevalence of obesity among children by school year and sexNational Child Measurement Programme 2006/07 – 2010/11
Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95th centile of the UK90 growth reference © NOO 2012
Child prevalence by BMI statusNational Child Measurement Programme 2010/11
This analysis uses the 2nd, 85th and 95th centiles of the British 1990 growth reference (UK90) for BMI to classify children as underweight, healthy weight, overweight and obese. These thresholds are the most frequently used for population monitoring within England.
Healthy Weight65.3%
Underweight1.3%
Overweight14.4%
Obese19.0%
Year 6(aged 10-11 years)
Healthy Weight76.4%
Underweight1.0%
Overweight13.2%
Obese9.4%
Reception(aged 4-5 years)
© NOO 2012
© NOO 2012
Prevalence of obesity by deprivation decile National Child Measurement Programme 2010/11
Child obesity: BMI ≥95th centile of the UK90 growth referenceDeprivation deciles assigned using the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010
12.7%
14.8%16.0%
16.6%18.0%
19.6%20.6%
22.1%23.6% 23.8%
6.3%7.0% 7.6% 8.1% 8.4%
9.4%10.3% 10.7%
11.7% 12.2%
Least deprived
Most deprived
Year 6 Reception
A food system approach
• a people-centred and social development policy dimension;
• a natural resource management dimension;
• a multi-level governance dimension; and
• an urban and territorial planning.
Food, agriculture and cities: The challenges of food and nutrition security, agriculture and ecosystem management in an urbanizing world. UNFAO Oct 2011
Food For Life Partnership• Network of schools and communities across England
committed to transforming food culture. • Revolutionising school meals, reconnecting children
and young people with where their food comes from, and inspiring families to grow and cook food.
• “The expertise and the passion and the whole school approach that the Food for Life Partnership has is absolutely leading the way at the front line of the fight against obesity – end of story.” Jamie Oliver
• “the most important food project in Europe.” Sheila Dillon
FfLP Selected Gold Award criteria• Our take up of school meals is over 60% OR has increased by more than 20% since
we enrolled with FfL. • We are working with our caterer to reduce and manage food waste.• We make sure at least 30% of the ingredients we use are from a certified organic
or MSC-certified source. • We source at least 50% of our ingredients locally. • We are taking steps to increase the take up of non-meat dishes and to promote a
balanced, sustainable diet. • All our pupils have the opportunity to participate in organic food growing during
their time at our school.• Our pupils have the opportunity to take part in a programme of farm-based
activities throughout the farming year.• Our parents and/or the wider community are actively involved in growing and
cooking activities in our school. • Our parents can buy or collect organic and/or local produce at our school, or we
direct them to alternative local outlets.
St Katherine’s School, Pill
“We want to improve our food culture and involve our whole school and local communities in doing this. We are working with our Food for Life Partners on a five year initiative to revolutionise school meals, reconnect young people with where their food comes from and inspire families to grow and cook food.”
The results at St Katherine’s• 60% of the school’s spend on food and drink for catering
purposes is through suppliers based within a 50 mile radius of the school.
• Many of the suppliers are very local being based in Somerset. For example Failand Farm, supply organic meat and is less than 3 miles away, Farringtons Farm Shop in Farrington Gurney supply vegetables and is 18 miles away with Chalmers, Cheddar supplying cheese being 33 miles away.
• The school also has its own school gardener, 2 members of staff and approximately 20 students who are actively involved with the organic school garden, regularly supplying produce for school meals.
Food in All Policies!
• Development policies• Land use• Urban extensions• Shopping
Food in All Policies!
• Development policies• Land use• Urban extensions• Shopping• Transport• Pupils and patients• Workplaces
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