health promotion and behavior change
Post on 25-Jan-2022
3 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Objectives
By the end of this discussion, YOU will be able to:
• Discuss the meaning of behavior changes
• Identify human potential for change
• Discuss the health care providers’ role in promoting behavior changes
Objectives
By the end of this discussion, YOU will be able to:
• Identify theories of health promotion
• Discuss the Health Belief Model
• Explain the component of Health Belief Model
Introduction
Behavior change:
• Refers to any transformation
or modification of
human behavior
https://www.pchalliance.org/news/rethinking-quantifying-behavior-change-case-new-uses-measures-and-analysis
Human Potential for Change
Humans have potential for self-change because they have thecapacity for:
• Self-knowledge• Self regulation• Decision making• Creative problem solving
Human Potential for ChangeSelf change:
• It’s the new behavior that client
willingly undertake to achieve self
selected goals or desired outcomes
https://quotesgram.com/quotes-about-change-for-the-better/
Role of Health Care Providers in Promoting Behavior Change
To help others change their behavior, we need to:
Promote a positive climate for change
Serve as a catalyst (role model) for the change
Assist client with various steps of the change
Increase client’s capacity to maintain change
Models/Theories of Health Promotion
Types of models commonly used include:
1. Health Behavior Models /Theories of Behavioral Change:
◼ Social Cognitive Theory ( Bandura 1985)
◼Theory of Planned Behavior
Models/Theories of Health Promotion
1 . Health Behavior Models:
◼ Transtheoretical (Stages of change) Model ( Prochaska & Diclemente
1984)
◼ Health Promotion Model ( Nola Pender , 1982)
2. Disease Prevention Model:
◼ Health Belief Model (Lewin 1960)
Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1985)
• The model has been used to design individual behavior change
interventions
• The key elements include:
• Environmental factors
• Personal factors
• Behavior
Social Cognitive Theory Model
https://educationaltechnology.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/social-learning-theory.png
Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1985)
Environmental factor:
• Represents situational influences and environment in which behavior is
preformed
Personal factors:
• Include instincts, drives, traits, and other individual motivational forces
Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1985)The process of human learning and behavior change interfere with:
• Self-efficacy: A judgment of one’s ability to perform the behavior
• Outcome Expectations: A judgment of the likely consequences a
behavior will produce
• Self-Control: The ability of an individual to control their behaviors
Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1985)
• Reinforcements: Something that increases or decreases the likelihood a
behavior will continue.
• Emotional Coping: The ability of an individual to cope with emotional
stimuli.
• Observational Learning: The acquisition of behaviors by observing
actions and outcomes of others’ behavior
Transtheoretical (Stages of Change) Model
Health related behavior change progresses through five stages:
1. Pre-contemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Planning or preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance
6. Transcendence
11/6/2020
Transtheoretical (Stages of Change) Model
1. Pre-contemplation: قبل التأمل is not thinking about quitting or
adopting a behavior
• Denies having a problem and views other as having problem
• They don’t think about changing behavior
• Some people believe the behavior not under their control
• May feel situation is hopeless
11/6/2020
Transtheoretical (Stages of Change) Model
2. Contemplation:
• Seriously thinking about quitting or adopting (considering
change)
• Acknowledge having a problem
• Research causes and possible solution
• Not ready to commit to action
11/6/2020
Transtheoretical (Stages of Change) Model
3. Planning or preparation:
• Seriously thinking about engage in contemplated change within
next month
• Plans to take action
• Makes the final adjustments before beginning the behavior change
• Some start making small behavioral changes at this stage 11/6/2020
Transtheoretical (Stages of Change) Model
4. Action:
• Action made and persisted behavior change
• Modifies behavior and surroundings
• This stage requires the greatest commitment of time and
energy
11/6/2020
Transtheoretical (Stages of Change) Model
5. Maintenance:
• Continuation and stabilization of change
• Integrates newly adopted behavior pattern into lifestyle
• This stage lasts until the person no longer experiences temptation to
return to previously unhealthy behavior
11/6/2020
Transtheoretical (Stages of Change) Model
6. Transcendence: Long period of maintenance (Kern 2008)
• It’s the final goal where the individual has complete confidence that the
problem is no longer a temptation or threat
• Copes without fear of relapse
11/6/2020
Health Belief Model
• Proposed in 1960, to explore why some people who are illness-free take
actions to avoid illness, whereas others fail to take preventive action
(Rosentock, 1960)
• Model derived from Lewin’s social psychologic theory which is a cognitive
theory, related to understanding
Health Belief Model
• Originally, the model was designed to predict behavioral response
to the treatment received by acutely or chronically ill patients,
but in more recent years the model has been used to predict
more general health behavior
Health Belief Model
• It proposes individuals’ predisposition قابلية to take action
depends on:
a. Perceived threat to personal health
b. The conviction (confidence) that the benefits of taking action
to protect health outweigh the barriers that will be
encountered
11/6/2020
Health Belief Model
• HBM has been adapted to a variety of long-
and short-term health :
• Preventive behavior
• Illness behavior
• Sick role behavior
Key Constructs/Elements of Health Belief Model
• Perceived susceptibility
• Perceived seriousness/severity
• Perceived benefits
• Perceived barriers
• Cues to action
• Self-efficacy
• Modifying factors (motivation) 11/6/2020
Perceived Susceptibility
• Perceived Susceptibility to future conditions
• Individuals vary widely in their perception of susceptibility to a disease orcondition
• LOW MEDUIM HIGH
• Deny A statistical possibility Real danger
Perceived Seriousness
Individual’s beliefs concerning the effects of disease or condition on his/her health and lifestyle
- Health related:
- Physical: pain and discomfort.
- Emotional burdens
- Social consequences:
- loss of work, time, financial burdens and issues related
to family relationship
Perceived Benefits of Taking Action
• The believed effectiveness of behavior/ strategies designed to
reduce the threat of illness.
• The direction of action that a person chooses will be influenced
by the beliefs regarding the actions
Barriers to Taking Action
• The potential negative consequences that may result from taking particular
health actions, including physical, psychological, and financial demands:
Inconvenient Expensive Unpleasant
Painful Upsetting
• These characteristics may lead a person away from taking the desired
action
Cues to Action
• An individual's perception of the levels of susceptibility and
seriousness provide the force to act. Benefits (minus barriers) provide
the path of action
• However, it may require a 'cue to action' for the desired behavior to
occur.
Cues to Action
• Cues to Action: factors which cause you to change, or want to change.
These cues may be internal or external.
• External influences promoting the desired behavior, may include
information provided or sought, reminders by powerful others,
persuasive communications, and media publicity
Cues to Action
• Environmental (e.g.,) that motivate people to take action.
• Internal influences:
• Bodily (e.g., physical symptoms of a health condition)
• Believes and attitude toward health
• Educational level
Self-Efficacy
• One’s “conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior
required to produce the outcomes” (Bandura, 1977).
• Health motivation
• Value of health
HBM Construct Definition Operationalization
Perceived Susceptibility
Beliefs about the likelihood of getting a disease/condition
A woman believes she is at low risk of getting pregnancy related anemia, so she neglects to swallow iron tablets
Perceived Severity
Beliefs about the seriousness/consequences of the condition
A teenage boy engages in smoking tobacco with his friends because he thinks that getting addicted to smoking is ‘no big deal’
Key Constructs/Elements of Health Belief Model
11/6/2020
HBM Construct Definition Operationalization
Perceived Benefits
Belief that a certain action will reduce risk / seriousness of impact
A middle-aged man has a heart condition, but is skeptical that diet and exercise will actually have any impact on his health
Perceived Barriers
Belief about costs/negative aspects of the action
A young mother would like to feed her children healthy meals, but thinks that fruits and vegetables are too expensive and time-consuming to prepare
Key Constructs/Elements of Health Belief Model
11/6/2020
HBM Construct Definition Operationalization
Cues to Action Strategies to activate
"readiness"
Provide how-to information, promote
awareness, reminders.
Self-Efficacy Belief in one’s ability to take action to produce desired outcomes
A young man wants to lose weight, but has little belief in his ability to exercise control over his diet and find the motivation to exercise
Key Constructs/Elements of Health Belief Model
11/6/2020
HBM Construct Definition Operationalization
Modifying
Factors
(motivation)
An individual’s personal attributes that determine whether they change or not. e.g. age, sex, ethnicity, knowledge, social class, etc.
A young woman want to attend a weight losing session, unfortunately the instructor is a man unknown to her and her religion forbids her from familiarizing with ‘strangers’
Key Constructs/Elements of Health Belief Model
11/6/2020
11/6/2020 Suhaila Halasa RN, PhD, CIMI,CPT 40
The Health Belief Model
https://pmhealthnp.com/pmhnp-topics/health-belief-model/
Health Belief Model
Researchers have applied the HBM to studies that attempt to explain and predict individual participation in programs for:
• High blood pressure screening
• Smoking cessation
• Seatbelt usage
• Exercise
• Nutrition
• Breast self-examination
• HIV/AIDS & sexual risk behaviors
top related