head to head - the battle between the bellheads and the netheads for control over the cybersphere
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Agenda 1. VoIP and IM applications
2. The Digital Value Chain
3. Bellheads vs. Netheads
4. Air interface technology classification
5. Core network classification
6. Value added services
7. Strategic Business decisions for the future
App. or Content provider
Portals Web Core ID & Billing
Intel Edge
Local loop
Users Hard OS Browser App.
The Digital Value chain
Bellheads • Bellheads are the engineers and
managers who grew up under the watchful eye of the Traditional Telephone company and who continue to abide by her practices.
. They believe in solving problems with
dependable hardware techniques and in
rigorous quality control.
Netheads • The Netheads are the young Turks who
connected the world's computers to form the Internet.
• The believe in flexible and adaptive routing instead of
fixed traffic control.
Grew up on Internet with IP.
Aligns with open forums like the IETF.
Individuals want to be active participants.
Grew up in Telcos with TDM.
Aligns with formal UN and ITU structures.
Prefer closed communities and “old-boy” relationships.
Bellheads vs. Netheads
Expect it to be cheap.
Want an open and unregulated playing field.
Let us see how this network evolves itself organically.
Expect to pay for quality.
Prefer strong regulatory involvement and protection.
Want to steer the future network evolution.
Bellheads vs. Netheads
Works from a new business model: always on, the world is a large free calling area.
Works from the existing business model of telephone calls – time x distance x bandwidth = revenues.
Relies on international settlements to allocate revenues between carriers.
Controlled vs. Open
The network ends in the end-user’s device.
Intelligence is on the edge of the network.
Protocols are end-to-end, and open.
The network ends in the call agent.
Intelligence is build into the core of the network.
The protocols it operates upon are proprietary, and not end-to-end.
Controlled vs. Open
The network ends in the end-user’s device, the end-user can define services.
Substitutes speed (bandwidth) for Quality of Service (QoS) and provides best efforts service.
All ‘state’ is kept away from the end-user’s device.
Provides Quality of Service assurances.
Controlled vs. Open
Internet Telephony is a part of Next Generation Internet Services, whose nature will be various and unpredictable as was the addition of the World Wide Web on top of the Internet.
IP Telephony is a subset of Next Generation Networks, but, in view of its master-slave design philosophy, services continue to be defined from the centre of the network.
Controlled vs. Open
Clashes of opinion
• What do you say of the fact that you cannot provide different charges for the services making use of IP packets:
• The Bellheads: The Internet Protocol was poorly designed because you cannot charge for different value added services.
• The Netheads: "IP is hard to charge for? That's not a bug, that's a feature!"
App. or Content provider
Portals Web ID & Billing Core Intel
Edge Local loop
Users Hard OS Browser App.
The Digital Value chain
The Digital Value chain Open
Network Open
Network
Controlled Network
App. or Content provider
Portals Net Core ID & Billing
Intel. Edge
Local loop
Users Hard OS Browser
App. or Content provider
Billing Portals Net Core Local loop
Users Hard OS Browser Intel. ID App.
App.
Evolution path of fixed and mobile networks
Mobile wireless
voice
Mobile wireless
Internet access
Mobile wireless
IP based multimedia
IP data services over
fixed networks
IP services over Broad wireless
Access with Nomadic mobility
Enhanced IP and Voice services (real time, QoS)
Broadband Mobile multimedia services
via packet-based network
Main Wireless Technology Trends
100 Mbps 10 kbps
802.16d (N)
802.16e (Mobile)
WMAN/WWAN (N) (WiMAX Forum
Intel, Motorola, etc)
Loca
l Are
a
Fixe
d (F
)
Wid
e A
rea
Mob
ile (M
)
Cov
erag
e / M
obili
ty
Met
ro A
rea
Nom
adic
(N)
CELLULAR INDUSTRY GENERATIONS
3GSM/UMTS : R99 to HSDPA/HSUPA CDMA 1x : EV-DO, EV-DO RevA
Mobile BWA
(OFDM EVOLVED 3G)
Other “disruptor” entrants IP Wireless (M / N) Navini (F/N / M) Arraycomm iBurst (N / M)
2G 2.5G 3G
802.11 g
802.11b
WLAN / WiFi (N)
NEXT : Ad-hoc Mesh
Networks
“4G” Air Interfaces e.g. FLASH-OFDM (Flarion) (M)
Data Speeds span a wide range
4G – area of options
Fixed Internet
Wireless Internet
Realtime Internet
Wireless Mobile Internet
NG Internet
GSM / GPRS UMTS UMTS + UMTS+
+
NG Mobile
Wireless Packets
Some IP
Optimum IP
More IP
Pure IP
New IP
UMTS Evolution
4G area of options
best effort IP
wireless access nomadic mobility, QoS, multimedia
incl. voice
carrier-grade realtime voice,
E2E-QoS
MBMS, WLAN/UMTS interworking, push,
presence, IMS Phase 2, packet bearer enhancements
seamless multi-service mobility,
continuous mobility in wide area
E2E-IP to the MS, IP in CN
IP in RAN, IP based
service provisioning
(IMS), HSDPA
native IP routing to mobile host, IETF
protocols only
regional subarchitectures,
isolators, protocol heaps
dynamic network
composition
Mobile technologies
Local Loop
Hardware
Intellectual property Gorillas
GSM
GPRS
Edge
CDMA
HSDPA /HSUPA
CDMA 2000
EV-DO
EV-DV ??
OFDM
(2010?)
(2005)
ITU Standardisation
Nomadic technologies
Local Loop
Hardware
OFDM
Hardware Chipsets in
PC’s and Mobiles
WiMAX IEEE 802.16d
?
WiFi IEEE 802.11b
WiFi IEEE 802.11g
WiMAX IEEE 802.16e
OFDM
(2010?)
Air interface technologies
Gorilla game Air interface Commoditisation
Standardised Technology
Controlled Network
Philosophy
Open Network
Philosophy
3GPP
• GPRS • EDGE • WCDMA • HSDPA
IEEE
• WiFi • WiMAX • IEEE 802.11n (MIMO) • Mesh Networks (802.11s)
Air interface technologies
Gorilla game Air interface Commoditisation
Standardised Technology
Controlled Network
Philosophy
Open Network
Philosophy
Technology Focused Solutions
Extended Value chain
focus Proprietary Technology
?
Flash OFDM iBurst End to End IP connectivity, … but a proprietary air interface.
The Digital Value chain
The coming Power Battle in the 4G Digital Value chain
App. or Content provider
Portals Web ID & Billing Core Intel
Edge Local loop
Users Hard OS Browser App.
Intel
Qualcomm
LEGACY SWITCHING CONCEPT
• Monolithic TDM entity for circuit switching, control and signalling
• Time and Space Switching of ISDN standard channels (64kb/s)
• Local processor control of line interfaces, switching network and
signalling
• Entrenched switch suppliers tend to develop by adapting legacy circuit
switches
Line/Trunk Interfaces
TDM Switching Network
Line/Trunk Interfaces
Central Control
Bearers
Circuit & Packet
Signaling
Bearers
Circuit & Packet
Signaling
Control Buses
SOFTSWITCH CONCEPT
• Disaggregated functional units for control, signalling and bearer interfaces
• Multi-Protocol IP backbone transports bearers, control and signalling
• Single softswitch can control a wide area of distributed media gateways
• Softswitch manufacturers tend to be new entrants developing IP switch fabric
• Key concept in NGN (Next Generation Networks)
Media Gateway
Media Gateway
Softswitch Control
Bearers
Circuit & Packet
Signaling
Bearers
Circuit & Packet
Signaling
IP Backbone
NEXT GENERATION NETWORK (NGN) CONCEPT
• “A converged high speed packet (IP) based network with multi-purpose (access agnostic) switching on common platforms for multiple applications and services (voice, data, video, multimedia)”
CORE TIER High speed IP- MPLS Core routers/switches
& transmission
Local Loop ACCESS TIER
High speed / Broadband
INTELLIGENT EDGE TIER Softswitches, Media
Gateways, Application Servers, Routers, etc
APPLICATION LAYER SOFTWARE / SERVERS Standard Telecoms Services (voice, data) Media Services (messaging, streaming)
Location Services, PoC, Legal Intercept, etc API’s to Call Control
CALL CONTROL LAYER Signalling Protocols for call and switching control
(connection oriented / connectionless) delivery of Application Layer services
SS7, SIP, CAMEL
SWITCHING LAYER
Bearer Media Gateways to IP Backbone
SOFTSWITCH MODEL
Why IMS?
Expressive Power Number of Developers
Scriptable
API’s
Protocols
VB, JavaScipt
INAP, ISUP, SIP, MAP
C++, Java Parlay Sockets
millions
500 000
6000
PTT can be implemented via a variety of open-source applications running on handsets.
Peer to peer functionality.
No value added billing required.
The IMS can facilitate PTT via the PoC standard that 3GPP agreed upon.
PTT is provided via an intelligent core.
Flat fee billing.
Controlled vs. Open
App. or Content provider
Portals Web ID & Billing Core Intel
Edge Local loop
Users Hard OS Browser App.
The Digital Value chain
App. or Content provider
Portals Web ID & Billing Core Intel
Edge Local loop
Users Hard OS Browser App.
Competitive landscape
Value added Services
Enable value added services that only need a IP connection to function.
Builds business models on subscription or pre-paid functionality.
Control value added services from within the network.
Builds business models on micro-billing functionality.
Controlled vs. Open
Intelligent session scenarios
R 180 / MB
R 0.005 /msg
The same is happening to: Vodafone portal content and Voice traffic
Core Need MUI
Program OS
Local Loop Intelligent Edge
Core Tier Billing Portal
Hardware
Cont. AGR Cont. Create
Technology roadmap based on the Digital Value Chain
Vodafone
Vodafone Vodafone
Vodafone
Nokia Symbian Vodafone
Safari
Vodafone Nokia
MS
MS MS
Core Need MUI
Program OS
Local Loop Intelligent Edge
Core Tier Billing Portal
Hardware
Cont. AGR Cont. Create
Technology roadmap based on the Digital Value Chain
Vodafone
Vodafone Vodafone
Vodafone Vodafone
Vodafone
V. Branded
Vodafone
Vodafone
MS
MS MS
Nokia Symbian
Safari
Safari
Vodafone Nokia
Active WiMAX support
App. or Content provider
Portals Web ID & Billing Core Intel
Edge Local loop
Users Hard OS Browser App.
Income distribution in the value chain
Automated travel logging
App. or Content provider
Portals Web ID & Billing Core Intel
Edge Local loop
Users Hard OS Browser App.
Connectivity scenarios
WiMAX Mesh ISP
App. or Content provider
Portals Web ID & Billing Core Intel
Edge Local loop
Users Hard OS Browser App.
Connectivity scenarios
WiMAX Mesh
Media companies
The need for ambidextrous organisations
Niche Innovation
Incremental Innovation
Revolutionary Innovation
Technology linkages Enhances Destroys
Destroys
Market Linkages
Enhances
Source: Matrix based on the ideas of Abernathy and Clark, Research Policy, 14, 3-22,
Architectural Innovation
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