hcmut training-1_unconventional gas
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CHONNAM NATIONALCHONNAM NATIONALUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY
UNCONVENTIONAL GASUNCONVENTIONAL GAS
RESOURCESRESOURCES
DEPT. OF ENERGY & RESOURCES ENG.CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
17 Feb. 2012 (Fri.)17 Feb. 2012 (Fri.)
Lectured byLectured by JeonghwanJeonghwan Lee,Lee, Prof.Prof.
CHONNAM NATIONALCHONNAM NATIONALUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY
IntroductionIntroduction
Definition / ClassificationDefinition / Classification
Characteristics / Background of GrowthCharacteristics / Background of Growth
Unconventional Gas ResourcesUnconventional Gas Resources
Coal Bed Methane (Coal Seam Gas)Coal Bed Methane (Coal Seam Gas)
Gas HydrateGas Hydrate
Shale Gas / Tight GasShale Gas / Tight Gas
ContentsContentsContents
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Unconventional Resources is:
Resources (of oil and gas) that have been by passed
(cannot be produced) by conventional recoverytechnology (of oil and gas).
Why?
Required more advanced techniques other than
the conventional methods to be extracted Not economically feasible to be developed
DefinitionDefinitionDefinition
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Conventional Gas Reservoirs
Sandstone, Limestone, Dolomite
Condensate Oil Reservoirs
Oil Reservoirs
Gas Cap, Solution Gas
Coal Bed Methane
Gas Hydrate
Shale Gas
Tight Gas Sands
Oil Sand
Oil Shale
Conventional Unconventional
Classification of ResourcesClassification of ResourcesClassification of Resources
Technically Recoverable Gas Reserve: 131 ~2693 TCF
Original Gas in place: 1804 ~ 5600 TCF
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CHONNAM NATIONALCHONNAM NATIONALUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY
Conventional Resources
High to low permeability (downuntil 1 md)
Typical reservoi r fluid (dry gas,wet gas, retrograde gas, volatileoil, black oil)
Typical reservoir rocks(sandstone, limestone, etc.)
Typical production schemes(primary, secondary, or tertiaryrecovery)
Unconventional Resources
Very low to very low permeability(less than 0.1 md)
Unusual reservoir fluid (adsorbedgas, very viscous black oil , tarsands,etc.)
Unusual reservoir rocks (shale,hydrate formation, coal, etc.)
Unusual production schemes(depressurization, open pitexcavation and heating, etc.)
Comparison of ResourcesComparison of ResourcesComparison of Resources
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Resources Availability Point of View
Depletion of exist ing conventional resources
Lack of new conventional resource findings
Technology Point of View
Advancement in oil and gas extraction techniques
Economy Point of View Recent high price of oil and gas
Why Unconventional Resources ?Why Unconventional Resources ?Why Unconventional Resources ?
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CHONNAM NATIONALCHONNAM NATIONALUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY- 6 -
Wood Mackenzie
Characteristics of Unconventional GasCharacteristics of Unconventional Gas
Enormous Reserves
High energy price & difficult ies in recovery technology
Horizontal Well
Multiple racturing
Past
Present
Future
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Oil shock in1970
Commercial production in 1980
Application of new technology in 1998(Rapid growth in industry)
Increasing the NG price after 2000
Production increase of unconventional gas
Background of GrowthBackground of Growth
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66tcm
$5
$0.5~$6
55tcm
180tcm
380tcm
$2.7~$8
Unconventional gas-> Stabilization of natural gas
source : EIA 2009
110tcm
Production cost in unconventional gasProduction cost in unconventional gas
$2.7~$9
90tcm
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source : EIA
Demand forecast of Worldwide LNG MarketDemand forecast of Worldwide LNG Market
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Total production rate
Source : EIA, 2009
Forecast for Gas Production in USForecast for Gas Production in US
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Unconventional Gas ResourcesUnconventional Gas Resources
CoalCoal--BedBed MethaneMethane
Tight GasTight Gas
Shale GasShale GasGas (Methane) HydratesGas (Methane) Hydrates
Unconventional Oil ResourcesUnconventional Oil Resources
Oil SandsOil Sands
OilOil ShaleShale
Unconventional PlaysUnconventional PlaysUnconventional Plays
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CHONNAM NATIONALCHONNAM NATIONALUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY
CBM is natural gas which is generated duringCBM is natural gas which is generated during
the formation of coal and trapped inside thethe formation of coal and trapped inside the
coal seams.coal seams.
Gas is trapped in the formation by adsorptionGas is trapped in the formation by adsorption
onto the surface of coal matrix.onto the surface of coal matrix.
Extraction method:Extraction method:
Depressurization by producing water out of theDepressurization by producing water out of the
coal seamscoal seams
Unconventional Play Example
Coalbed MethaneUnconventional Play ExampleUnconventional Play Example
CoalbedCoalbed MethaneMethane
CHONNAM NATIONALCHONNAM NATIONALUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY
Example of Production WellExample of Production Well
Typical Production Profi le
Unconventional Play Example
Coalbed MethaneUnconventional Play ExampleUnconventional Play Example
CoalbedCoalbed MethaneMethane
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CHONNAM NATIONALCHONNAM NATIONALUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY
Shale gas is natural gas which is generatedShale gas is natural gas which is generated
within shale formation with rich organic content.within shale formation with rich organic content.
Gas is trapped in the formation either in theGas is trapped in the formation either in the
pore spaces, natural fractures, or by adsorptionpore spaces, natural fractures, or by adsorption
to the organic material.to the organic material.
Extraction method:Extraction method:
Formation stimulation by hydraulic fracturingFormation stimulation by hydraulic fracturing
Unconventional Play Example
Shale GasUnconventional Play ExampleUnconventional Play Example
Shale GasShale Gas
CHONNAM NATIONALCHONNAM NATIONALUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY
Unconventional Play Example
Shale GasUnconventional Play ExampleUnconventional Play Example
Shale GasShale Gas
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CHONNAM NATIONALCHONNAM NATIONALUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY
Gas hydrates is crystal water sol ids with similarGas hydrates is crystal water sol ids with similarstructure to ice which has gas molecules inside.structure to ice which has gas molecules inside.
Gas molecules is trapped in the hydratesGas molecules is trapped in the hydrates cagecage--likelikehydrogenhydrogen--bonded water molecules.bonded water molecules.
Extraction method:Extraction method:
DepressurizationDepressurization
Thermal stimulationThermal stimulation
Inhibitor injectionInhibitor injection
Guest molecule exchange (via COGuest molecule exchange (via CO22 injection)injection)
Unconventional Play Example
Gas HydratesUnconventional Play ExampleUnconventional Play Example
Gas HydratesGas Hydrates
CHONNAM NATIONALCHONNAM NATIONALUNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY
Trapped gas molecules inside the
hydrogen-bonded water molecules of gas
hydrates
Burning gas hydrates releases methane which fueled the fire and
water, as seen dripping from the persons hand
Unconventional Play Example
Gas HydratesUnconventional Play ExampleUnconventional Play Example
Gas HydratesGas Hydrates
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