hci 2014 (8 of 10): data visualization
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Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busacoan introduction to data visualization
Human-Computer Interaction
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
“Above all else show the data.”
Edward R. Tufte
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
reality
Data is no longer scarce
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
reality
Data is no longer scarce
http://www.worldometers.info/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
reality
Data is no longer scarce
we need to integrate, simplify, and capitalize on existing information systems and
the massive amounts of data they hold
see also www.softviscollection.org/intro/a-thousand-words/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
reality
Data is no longer scarce
we need to integrate, simplify, and capitalize on existing information systems and
the massive amounts of data they hold
datainformationknowledgewisdom
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
What information visualization means?
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
A class of techniques for augmenting cognition
“the use of computer-supported, interactive, visual representations of abstract data
in order to amplify cognition”
Card, Mackinlay & Shneiderman, 1999
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
A process of mapping information to visuals
“data visualization is expert storytelling” (Murray, 2013)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
A process of mapping information to visuals
“data visualization is expert storytelling” (Murray, 2013)
crafting rules that interpret data and express its values as visual properties
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
informa-tion
design
data per-ceptuali-
zation
data visuali-zation
scientific visuali-zation
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Minimal criteria that any visualization has to fulfill to be considered a pragmatic visualization
based on (non-visual) dataproduce an image
the result must be readable and recognizable
Robert Kosara, 2008http://eagereyes.org/criticism/definition-of-visualization
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Benefits – adapted from Card et al. (2009):
reducing the search for information
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Benefits – adapted from Card et al. (2009):
enhancing the detection of patterns
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Benefits – adapted from Card et al. (2009):
encoding information in an interactive medium
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Benefits – adapted from Card et al. (2009):
monitoring of data/information/knowledge evolution
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
How Music Travels – an animated visualization experimenthttp://www.thomson.co.uk/blog/
wp-content/uploads/infographic/interactive-music-map/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Benefits – adapted from Card et al. (2009):
enabling inferences
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
see Hans Rolins, “New insights on poverty”, TED 2007www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_reveals_new_insights_on_poverty
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Benefits – adapted from Card et al. (2009):
allowing exploration of a space of parameter values and enhancing user operations
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Origins:
maps
used from ancient times to convey, in an abstract way, known geographic areas + to provide orientation
later on, give insights for creating strategies in case of hostilities
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Origins:
diagrams
see Euclid works on geometryused in science (e.g., by Newton) to record observations,
to induct relationships, to explicate methodology of experiments,
to classify & conceptualize phenomena
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Newton’s optics illustration – reported by Robin (1992)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Origins:
abstract diagrams
employs non-physical information
an early example: Playfair (1786)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Origins:
visual design + data graphics
design principles of information visualization (infovis)
Edward Tufte (1983, 1990, 1997)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Origins:
statistics
exploratory (multidimensional) data analysis
Tukey (1977), Cleveland & McGill (1988)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Origins:
scientific visualization
analytical software instruments for scientific analysis of large datasets
McCormick & DeFanti (1987)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Origins:
computer graphics + artificial intelligence
automatic design of visual presentations of data
Mackinlay (1986), Roth & Mattis (1990), Casner (1991)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Origins:
human-computer interaction
new user interfaces & interactions, including animations
Robertson, Card & Mackinlay (1989), Shneiderman (1992)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
Visualization vs. infographics
visualization is – automatically – created that can be applied to many datasets
infographics are made – manually –for a particular dataset, concerning a specific purpose
http://eagereyes.org/blog/2010/the-difference-between-infographics-and-visualization
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
“The nature of the visualization depends on which relationship is dominant.”
N. Iliinsky & J. Steele, Designing Data Visualizations, O’Reilly, 2011
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
data visualization
“The nature of the visualization depends on which relationship is dominant.”
N. Iliinsky & J. Steele, Designing Data Visualizations, O’Reilly, 2011
infographicsdata/info viz
e.g., generative art
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
How about data visualization design?
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Visualization
the mapping of data to visual formthat supports human interaction in a workplace
for visual sense making
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Stuart Card, “Information Visualization”, Human-Computer Interaction Handbook (2nd Edition),
Taylor & Francis, 2008
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Raw Data – data(sets) to be visualized, available in different – binary/textual – formats
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Data Transformations – provides document vectors (normalized vectors in a N-dimensional space);
could imply different filtering operations
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Data Tables – suitable data structures: relations (depending on considered variables) + meta-data
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Data Tables
tables of objects + their attributes
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Data Tables
example for movie visualizations:
basic objects = instances of the film concept
attributes (properties) for each object: title, year of release, genre type, actors,…
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
could be considered as metadata
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Data Tables
functional (abstract) representation:
f (input variables) = output variables
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Data Tables
functional (abstract) representation:
f (input variables) = output variables
Year (FilmID = 540) = 1926
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Data Tables
variables implies a scale of measurement
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Data Tables
variables implies a scale of measurement
a nominal variable N is an unordered sete.g., film titles { Star Wars, Brazil, The Wall,…}
(in)equality operators could be used
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Data Tables
variables implies a scale of measurement
an ordinal variable O is a tuple (ordered set)e.g., film ratings < G, PG, PG-13, R >
relational operators (like “<”) could be applied
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Data Tables
variables implies a scale of measurement
a quantitative variable Q is a numeric rangeexample: film length [0, 400]
arithmetic operators could be performed on them
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Data Tables
subtypes regarding the nature of visualization
quantitative spatial – for intrinsically spatial variables common in scientific visualization
quantitative geographical – spatial variables that are specifically geophysical coordinates
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Data Tables
variable subtype concerning similarity
quantitative similarity
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Data Tables
temporal variables
quantitative timeordinal time
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Data Tables
variables implies a scale of measurement
unstructured scalewhose only value is present or absent (e.g., an error flag)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
data classes
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Data Tables
scale types can be altered by transformations
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Quantitative variables can be mapped by data transformations into ordinal variables
film length [0, 400] min. → <SHORT, MEDIUM, LONG>
classes of values
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Nominal variables can be transformed to ordinal values
film titles { Star Wars, Brazil, The Wall }→ < The Wall, Star Wars, Brazil >
sorting
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Visual Mappings – creating analytic abstractions to be visualized; from spatial coordinates to surfaces on an information 2D/3D landscape
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Visual Structuresuse a vocabulary of visual elements:
spatial substrates + marks + graphical properties
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
goal: the systematic mapping of data relations onto visual form
visual encodings
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
spatial substratemarks
connectionenclosure
retinal propertiestemporal encoding
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
spatial substrate
empty space, as a container, can be treated as if it had metric structure
scale type ↔ axis of space
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Most important spatial axes:
unstructured no axisnominal grid a region divided into sub-regionsordinal grid ordering of sub-regions is significantquantitative grid a region has a metric
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Axes can be linear or radial
can involve any of the various coordinate systems for describing space
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Axes can be linear or radial
can involve any of the various coordinate systems for describing space
example: using 2 orthogonal quantitative axes to visualize movie popularity over the time
Year → QX
Popularity → QY
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
marks
visible “things” that occur in space:points, lines, areas, volumes
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
types of marks(in this case, point & line marks take up space
and may have properties such as shape)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
connection & enclosure
points and lines can be used to signify different topological structures like graphs and trees,
showing relations among objects
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
connection & enclosure
enclosure can be used for trees, contour maps, and Venn Diagrams
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
retinal properties
position, size, orientation, color, texture, shape
crispness, resolution, transparency, arrangement
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
retinal properties
example: using color as visual code denoting a film genreFilmID (Genre) → P(Color)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Visual Structures
temporal encoding
temporal data to be visualizedversus
animation – mapping a variable into time
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
View Transformations – offers various views (graphical representations) according to the user goals
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Views – perceived by end-users; adjusted by graphical parameters (position, scaling, clipping,…)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
View—value distinction
regards how operations (transformations) are performedat different places in the model
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
View—value distinction
regards how operations (transformations) are performedat different places in the model
example:when a point is deleted from the visualization, has the point been deleted from the dataset?
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
“Information visualization is about the not just creation of visual images, but also the interaction with those images
in the service of some problem.”
Stuart Card, 2008
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
Expressiveness & effectiveness
a visualization is expressive if and only if it encodes all the data relations intended
and no other data relations
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization modeling
FilmType(N) → Position(Q)mapping from data to visual form that violates
expressiveness criterion
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization processes
AcquireParseFilterMine
RepresentRefine
Interact
according to Ben Fry, 2008
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization processes
Acquire
obtain the data to be analyzed and visualized
open data sources:http://ideasource.blankdots.com/2012/08/open-data-sources/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization processes
Parse
deliver a certain structure for the data’s meaning, and order it into categories
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization processes
Filter
keep only the data of interest
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization processes
Mine
apply methods from statistics or data miningto discern patterns or
place the data in mathematical context
pragmatic approaches: G. Myatt, W. Johnson, Making Sense of Data I, II, and III, Wiley, 2007, 2009, 2011
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization processes
Represent
choose a (set of) visual model(s)
typical examples: bar graph, list, tree
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization processes
Refine
improve the basic visual representation to make it clearer and more visually engaging
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization processes
Interact
add methods for manipulating the data or controlling what features are visible
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization processes
adopting an iterative approach (Fry, 2008)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
How about a taxonomy of information visualization?
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
direct reading
1-variable [X]: lists, 1D scatterplots, pie charts, distributions, box plots,…
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
see also http://eagereyes.org/techniques/pie-charts
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
direct reading
2-variable [XY]: 2D object charts (histograms), 2D scatterplots
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
direct reading
3-variable [XYR]: retinal scatterplots, Kohonen diagrams
[(XY)Z]: information landscapes, information surfaces[XYZ]: 3D scatterplots
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
retinal scatterplot – here, a heat maphttp://secviz.org/content/user-behavior-a-heatmap
visualizing user-behavior (Y) over time (X); color (retinal variable R) is used to indicate the intensity of the activity
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
direct reading
4-variable [XYZR]: 3D retinal scatterplots, 3D topographies
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
a complex visualization of localized partisanshipAndrew Gelman, Jonathan P. Kastellec & Yair Ghitza, 2009
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
articulated reading
n-variable [XYRn-2]: 2D retinal scatterplots[XYZRn-1]: 3D retinal scatterplots
may present a barrier of perception
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
scatterplot of attractiveness versus age, colored by genderO’Connor & Biewald, 2009
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
articulated reading
trees (used for hierarchical data):node and link trees, enclosure trees, hyperbolic trees,
TreeMaps, cone trees
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
treemap of terms occurring in geograph titles and comments for 6 selected scene types
T. Segaran & J. Hammerbacher (Eds.), Beautiful Data, O’Reilly, 2009
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
articulated reading
networks
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Flight Patterns – using air traffic GPS data to visualize commercial flight patterns and density (Koblin, 2005)
www.aaronkoblin.com/work/flightpatterns/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Simple visual structures
articulated reading
time
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Definitive Daft Punkhttp://themaninblue.com/writing/perspective/2011/05/12/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Composed visual structures
single-axis composition [XYn]:permutation matrices, parallel coordinates
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
a parallel coordinate view of a firewall log filecontext: security visualization – http://secviz.org/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Composed visual structures
double-axis composition [XY]:graphs
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Composed visual structures
recursive composition
2D in 2D [(XY)XY]: scatterplot matrices, hierarchical axes,…
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
organizing all of pairwise correlation information
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Composed visual structures
recursive composition
marks in 2D [(XY)R]: stick figures, color icons, shape coding, Keim spirals,…
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
100 Years with the San Francisco Symphony by Adobehttp://thewhyaxis.info/music/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Composed visual structures
recursive composition
3D in 3D [(XYZ)XYZ]: worlds within worlds
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Interactive visual structures
dynamic queriesimagery (“magic”) lens
overview + detailbrushing and linking
extraction & comparationattribute explorer (multi-faceted)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Poem Viewer – imagery lens for visualizing corporahttp://ovii.oerc.ox.ac.uk/PoemVis/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
brushingperforming a data selection task (e.g., click and drag)
linkinghighlighting the matching data samples in the other views
for a demo, visit http://mbostock.github.io/protovis/ex/brush.html
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Focus + context attention-reactive visual abstraction
data-driven methods: filtering, selective aggregation
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Gapminder World – http://www.gapminder.org/world/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
Focus + context attention-reactive visual abstraction
view-based methods:micro-macro readings, highlighting, visual transfer
functions, perspective distortion, alternate geometries
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
visualization taxonomy
micro-macro readingspresenting large quantities of data at high densities
goal: to see the bigger picture
http://larp601.wordpress.com/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
conclusions
Main purposes of information visualization:
exploratory visualizationdiscover patterns, trends, or sub-problems in a data set
explanatory visualizationtransmitting information or a point of view to the user
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
conclusions
case study: VOWL (Visual Notation for OWL Ontologies) + interactive visualization tools for desktop and Web
http://vowl.visualdataweb.org/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
conclusions
Each visualization project (solution) has unique requirements
“If each data set is different, the point of visualization is to expose that fascinating aspect of the data
and make it self-evident.” – Stephen Fry
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
conclusions
Apply KISS principle
less detail can actually convey more information
beware of chartjunk
Tufte (1983)
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
conclusions
chartjunk using a large area and a lot of “ink” (many symbols and lines)
to show only 5 hard-to-read numbers
real-life examples: http://junkcharts.typepad.com/
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
conclusions
Know your audience
different types of visualizations for different (types of) users
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
resources
Edward R. Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (2nd Edition), Graphics Press, 2001
Edward R. Tufte, Envisioning Information, Graphics Press, 1990
Nathan Yau, Visualize This, Wiley, 2011 for examples & tutorials, consult http://flowingdata.com/
Ben Fry, Visualizing Data, O’Reilly, 2008
Scott Murray, Interactive Data Visualization for the Web, O’Reilly, 2013 – http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1230000000345
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
online resources
WikiViz – techniques, tools, examples: www.wikiviz.org
Resources for data visualization and interactive exploration (curated by S. Negru): http://tinyurl.com/kr8oxg5
Data Visualization – http://datavisualization.ch/
Visualization & Visual Communication: http://eagereyes.org
Information is Beautiful – www.informationisbeautiful.net
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
“Conclusion”
data visualizationdefinitions, classification, methods, examples
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
next lecture:affective factors & persuasive technologies
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