hawaiian perspectives: geology through a cultural lens
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Hawaiian Perspectives:Geology Through a Cultural Lens
Presented by:
Kapōmaikai Stone, Iāsona Ellinwood, & Lindsey Spencer
Kahua A o: A Learning Foundationʻ
Ka Moʻolelo O Hiʻiakaikapoliopele
The Epic Tale of Hi iakaikapoliopeleʻ
The story of Pele and her family as they travel down the Hawaiian chain
Associated with rejuvenation stage volcanism
Various sites scattered throughout the islands
Particularly Ni ihau, Kaua i, and ʻ ʻO ahuʻ
(Awaiaulu.org)
Ka Mo‘olelo o Hi‘iakaikapoliopele, by Ho‘oulumāhiehie, pg. 2-3From Ka Na'i Aupuni, 2 June and 4 June, 1906.
I ka ha‘alele ‘ana aku o Pele a me kona po‘e a pau iā Tahiti, ua hō‘ea maila lākou i ka mokupuni ‘o Ka‘ula...Ha‘alele ihola ‘o Pele mā iā Ka‘ula, ne‘e maila i Ni‘ihau, a no ka loa‘a ‘ole o kahi kūpono o nei mokupuni e hiki ai i ua mō‘ī wahine nei o ke ahi a me kona ‘ohana ke noho iho, ua pae loa maila lākou no ka mokupuni ‘o Kaua‘i…I ka hiki ‘ana o Pele mā i Kaua‘i, ua lehulehu loa nā wahi a Pele i ho‘ā‘o ai e ‘eli i wahi nona a me kona po‘e e noho ai ma ia mokupuni, a ‘o Kīlauea kahi hope loa āna i kā ai, a no ka pāpa‘u, ha‘alele nō ‘o ia a me kona po‘e i ia mokupuni, a ‘au maila i ke kai ‘o Ka‘ie‘iewaho, a hō‘ea ana i O‘ahu nei... hele ka‘apuni a‘ela ma nā wahi lehulehu o ka mokupuni ‘o O‘ahu nei e ‘imi ai i wahi no lākou e noho ai, eia na‘e, ‘a‘ohe loa‘a.
When Pele and all of her people left Tahiti, they came to the island of Ka‘ula...Pele and company departed Ka‘ula, moving on to Ni‘ihau, but because no appropriate place could be found where the queen of fire and her family could reside, they went on to land on the island of Kaua‘i…When Pele and company arrived on Kaua‘i, she attempted in many places to carve out an area for her and her people to dwell on that island, Kīlauea being the last place that she tried. Because it was shallow there, she and her followers left that island and sailed through the Ka‘ie‘iewaho Channel until reaching O‘ahu…She journeyed all around O‘ahu, visiting many places in search of a site for their home, but nothing could be found.
Sites & Stories of OʻahuRejuvenation Stage Volcanism: Āliapa akaiʻ
Pele’s first stop on the island of O ahuʻ
Arrived from Kaua i with her sister, Hi iakaʻ ʻBrought salt and red dirt with them
Both dug in the ground to make a new home
Discovered that it was too shallow, and encountered sea water
Ua ‘eli ‘o Pele iā Āliapa‘akai ma Moanalua a‘e nei, a loa‘a ‘ē nō ke kai, ha‘alele i ia wahi. Pēlā nō iā luna o Pūowaina, Lae‘ahi, a me
kekahi mau wahi ‘ē a‘e o O‘ahu nei; a no ka pāpa‘u o ia mau wahi, loa‘a ‘ē nō ke kai, no laila, ha‘alele lākou
iā O‘ahu nei, a ne‘e akula i Moloka‘i; mai laila aku, hō‘ea i Kaho‘olawe.
Pele dug the crater of Āliapa‘akai at Moanalua, but soon reached sea water and
left there. She also dug atop Pūowaina, Lae‘ahi, and some other sites here on O‘ahu, and because the earth was shallow in those
places, sea water was again soon encountered, so they departed from O‘ahu and proceeded on to Moloka‘i. From there
they moved on, arriving at Kaho‘olawe.
Ka Mo‘olelo o Hi‘iakaikapoliopele, by Ho‘oulumāhiehie, pg. 2-3From Ka Na'i Aupuni, 2 June and 4 June, 1906.
Sites & Stories of OʻahuRejuvenation Stage Volcanism: Āliapa akaiʻ
(ArcGIS Online)
Sites & Stories of OʻahuRejuvenation Stage Volcanism: Lē ahi (Diamond Head)ʻ
Pele resided here for a short time with her sister, Hi iakaʻ
The “brow of the ahi”
Dug again in search of fire
Encountered water once again, and her fire was drowned by the water below
Sites & Stories of OʻahuRejuvenation Stage Volcanism: Lē ahi (Diamond Head)ʻ
Sites & Stories of OʻahuKohelepelepe (Koko Crater)
“traveling vagina”
A rejuvenation vent, but more well-known for another Pele story
Goddess Kapo exposed herself to save her sister, Pele
Kamapua a was in pursuit of Pele while on O ahuʻ ʻ
Kapo’s diversion worked
Pele successfully escaped
Sites & Stories of Oʻahu
(Hanauma Bay Education Program)
Sites & Stories of OʻahuPele’s Chair
Sometimes referred to as Pele’s Throne
Associated as the last place that Pele resided on O ahuʻ
After western contact Considered by missionaries to be a pagan symbol
Sites & Stories of OʻahuPele’s Chair
Does the story fit?Honolulu Volcanic Series
(Drawing by S. Rowland, adapted from Macdonald et al., 1983)
Does the story fit?Honolulu Volcanic Series
Ages of vents from our story (right)
Also…
Every place that Pele dug, she encountered water
Hydromagmatic eruptions
(Ozawa et al., 2005)
Kaimukī
Koko rift
Puowaina
Does the story fit?
YES!
Research ConnectionsDonald Swanson (HVO)
Hawaiian oral tradition describes 400 years of volcanic activity at Kīlauea (2008)
The Hawaiian Perspective
“This traditional history presented the world in such a way that values, meaning, and morality were of greater importance than, or at least equal to, the physical events being chronicled.”
- Van James (Ancient Sites of O ahuʻ )
Nūpepa ʻŌlelo HawaiʻiHawaiian Language Newspapers
Printed during 1834 – 1948 100 different newspapers
125,000 pages printed
Articles were reader-submitted
Today: 75,000 searchable online
Available at nupepa.org and papakilodatabase.com
Rise of Literacy in Hawaiʻi
1820: Arrival of American missionaries
1822: First printing in Hawaiian
1825: King Kauikeaouli Kamehameha III declares, “ O ko u aupuni, he aupuni palapala ko u”ʻ ʻ ʻ
1834: First Hawaiian language newspaper
1839: Hawaiian Bible published
Literacy Rate in 1861
From the writings of missionary Laura Fish Judd: “The proportion is estimated as greater than in any other country in the world, except Scotland and New England”
Missionary Press
Independent Press
Current Research & Awareness
Papakū MakawaluDescribes the Hawaiian worldview of the foundations of life
Categorizes all systems of life within the universe
3 houses of knowledge Papahulilani – the heavens
Papahulihonua – the earth
Papahānaumoku – everything that gives life
Current Research & Awareness
Kahua A o: A Learning Foundationʻ
Using Hawaiian Language Newspaper Articles for Place and Culture-based Geoscience Teacher Education and Curriculum Development
Website: manoa.hawaii.edu/kahuaao
Lessons that discuss Rejuvenation Stage Volcanism Hawaiian Volcanoes and Rejuvenation Stage Volcanism: No
Nā Lua Pele
Geology and Meteorology of Hanauma Bay: He Huaka i I ʻHanauma
References(2013). Geology. Kahua A o: A Learning Foundationʻ . Retrieved November 25, 2013,
from http://manoa.hawaii.edu/kahuaao/geology.html.
(2013). Papaku Makawalu. Edith Kanaka ole Foundationʻ . Retrieved November 25, 2013, from http://www.edithkanakaolefoundation.org/current-projects/papaku-makawalu/.
Becket, J. & Singer, J. (1999). Pana O ahuʻ . Honolulu, Hawai i: University of Hawai i ʻ ʻPress.
James, V. (1991). Ancient Sites of O ahuʻ . Honolulu, Hawai i: Bishop Museum Press.ʻ
Ka Mo olelo O Hi iakaikapoliopele. ʻ ʻ Awaiaulu. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
Ozawa et al. (2005) Unspiked K–Ar dating of the Honolulu rejuvenated and Ko olau ʻshield volcanism on O ahu, Hawai i. ʻ ʻ Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 232, pp. 1-11.
Place Names Map. Place Names of Hanauma. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
Sterling, E. P. and Summers, C. C. (2008). Sites of Oahu. Honolulu, Hawai i: Bishop ʻMuseum Press.
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