harvestplus orange sweet potatoes in mozambique
Post on 22-Feb-2016
21 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
C H R I S T I N A B R U M M E[ T W O O T H E R G R O U P
M E M B E R N A M E S H AV E B E E N R E M O V E D F O R
C O N F I D E N T I A L I T Y ]
HarvestPlus Orange Sweet Potatoes
in Mozambique
Nutrition Sensitive Interventions
2013 Lancet Nutrition Series
Underlying determinants of nutrition
Complementary sectors
Help leverage and accelerate nutrition-specific interventions
(Ruel & Alderman, 2013)
Nutrition-sensitive vs. Nutrition-specific
Address underlying determinants of nutrition and development
• Agriculture & food security• Social safety nets• Women’s empowerment• Schooling• Water, sanitation, hygiene• Family planning
Address immediate determinants of nutrition and development
• Dietary diversification• Preconception supplementation• Optimum breastfeeding• Dietary supplementation• Micronutrient supplementation.• Treatment of severe acute malnutrition
HarvestPlus
HarvestPlus seeks to reduce hidden hunger and provide micronutrients to billions of
people directly through the staple foods that they eat. We use a novel process called biofortification to breed higher levels of
micronutrients directly into key staple foods.
HarvestPlus
Crop Micronutrient Country TimelineBean Iron DR Congo, Rwanda 2012Cassava Vitamin A DR Congo, Nigeria 2011Maize Vitamin A Nigeria, Zambia 2012Pearl Millet Iron India 2012Rice Zinc Bangladesh, India 2013Sweet Potato
Vitamin A Mozambique, Uganda
2007
Wheat Zinc India, Pakistan 2013
What is Biofortification?
Breeding staple food crops with a higher
micronutrient content.
Milestones:1. Breeding objectives
(micronutrient target concentration)
2. Retention and Bioavailability of micronutrients
3. Farmer adoption rates and intakes
Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin A accounts for > 600,000 deaths globally for children < 5
VAD: <0.7 µmol/l
Africa:Prevalence of VAD is 42% children 6-59 months
Mozambique: Prevalence of VAD is 69% in children 6-59 months
Existing Vitamin A interventionsHigh dose capsule twice per year43% coverage in 2003
Orange Sweet Potato
White-yellow varieties2ppm beta carotene
Orange Sweet Potato30-200ppm beta
carotene 2.5 times RDA of
vitamin A for 4-8year old children (van Jaarsveld et al. 2005)
Why Orange Sweet Potatoes? (OSP)
High beta carotene levels 50% of mean daily
vitamin A requirement High consumption in
Mozambique Average consumption
200g/dayGood source of
EnergyDrought resistantLong cultivation
seasonAccepted by children
Mozambique
Zambezia province
Main staple crop—maize or cassava
33% of farmers grow sweet potatoes as seasonal secondary crop
Pilot Effectiveness Study, 2007-2009 14,000 households in
Zambezia province 10,000 households in
Uganda
Partners & Donors
Implementation World VisionHellen Keller International-
Operations Research International Potato CenterHarvest PlusNatural Resources Institute—University of Greenwich
Impact Evaluation International Food Policy Research Institute
Donors Bill and Melinda Gates FoundationHarvestPlus core funding
Denmark, Sweeden, Syngenta Foundation, United Kingdom, USAID, and the World Bank
Intervention Components
Agriculture
Demand creation and behavior change
Marketing
Agriculture
Distribution of vines Initial: 2kg to farm households at no cost Continual: 8kg available for purchase Repeated every year as necessary
Training on best production practices Avoidance of pests and diseases Vine conservation between planting seasons Both men and women were included
Demand Creation & Behavior Change
Education Maternal and child health and nutrition Targeted to women
Campaign for the general public Raise awareness about OSP and Vitamin A Community drama, field-day events Radio programs
Marketing
Training for OSP tradersUrban and rural market developmentDistinct market stalls with OSP and
informationNot targeted to all growers
Small group of traders Medium-scale growers Business owners
Implementation
Model 1, Model 2, or ControlRandomized by clusterClusters selected based on:
The number of households with children 6-35 months Access to lowlands No other agricultural interventions being implemented Did not participate in previous OSP intervention Impact evaluation clusters were 5km apart
Implementation
Year 1 was the same for Model 1 and 2Years 2-3: Model 1
Refresher training on agriculture and nutrition continued* Vine distribution continued Marketing and promotional components continued
Years 2-3: Model 2 Agriculture and Education components and support did
not continue* Vine distribution continued Marketing and promotional components continued
Implementation
World Vision and Helen Keller InternationalHarvestPlus staff provided overall
coordinationPromoters
Community-based volunteers Trained by project staff Provided training and education to participants
Effectiveness Evaluation
Nutrition Impact SurveyParticipants
Women and children surveyed at baseline and 2-5 years after
At follow-up additional children were surveyedBaseline: Nov-Dec 2006Follow-up: May-June 2009
Effectiveness Evaluation
24-hr Recall 2 days collected for some Used the multiple-pass
method Group training for
participants
Food Frequency Common foods Focus on Vit. A rich foods
Effectiveness Evaluation
Anthropometry Weight, length, height
β-Carotene content Samples of each farm Samples of each
variety tested for vit. A content after boiling
Coverage and Agricultural component
68% of famers in Mozambique adopted OSP Adopted = retained OFSP vines for next season
White and yellow sweet potatoes substituted with OSP
Increased Intake of OSP
Low et al. (2006), after controlling for inflammation, demonstrated that increase intake of OSP increased serum retinol concentrations Increased by 0.100 micromole/L
47-60% increase intake OSP
Difference in Proportion of Sweet Potato Intake
***=1% level
Increased Intake of OSP
Low et al. (2006), after controlling for inflammation, demonstrated that increase intake of OSP increased serum retinol concentrations Increased by 0.100 micromole/L
47-60% increase intake OSP
47% increase among women
63% increase among children (6-35 month)
Diff. in Retinal Activity Equivalents/Day
Model Comparison
Model 1 Three years of Agricultural training and health and
nutrition education (refresher training sessions) More expensive
Model 2 One year of Agricultural training and health and nutrition
education
Similar OSP adoption and intake between models
Cost Implication
Lowest marginal cost and average cost were $17 and $52 per target beneficiary (children 6-59months and mothers)
$15-20 per Disability-Adjusted Life Years (Uganda) Measure of cost-effectiveness
Cost Implication
Advantage of implementing Model 2 Less expensive
Model 2 can be trimmed down when scale up Marketing component does not enhance adoption or
consumption Could scale back intensity of demand creation
component-nutrition messages had little affect on OSP consumption
Strengths
StrengthsLarge-scale
effectivenessMany partnersVine conservationMarketingControl groupTransparent in
sample size and vit. A analysis methods
Acceptability
Weaknesses
WeaknessesSelf-report of intakeRetinol not
measured*Expensive compared
to UgandaNo discussion of
sustainability of vines No discussion of
government roleCost non-growers*
Future Directions
Scaling-upExpand to other countriesOthers…?
Current Activities
Currently expanding to: Angola, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Zambia, Ghana, Nigeria, and others
Spillover countries: Burundi, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Sharing knowledge: http://www.sweetpotatoknowledge.org
Current Activities
Future Directions
Future Directions
Future Directions
Future Directions
Thank you!
Questions?
Resources
Hotz, C., Loechl, C., de Brauw, A., Eozenou, P., Gilligan, D., Moursi, M., . . . Meenakshi, J. V. (2012). A large-scale intervention to introduce orange sweet potato in rural Mozambique increases vitamin A intakes among children and women. British Journal of Nutrition, 108(1), 163-176. doi: 10.1017/s0007114511005174
Asare-Marfo, D., Birol, E., Gonzalez, C., Moursi, M., Perez, S., Scharz, J., Zeller, M. (2013). Prioritizing Countries for Biofortification Interventions Using Country-Level Data. HarvestPlus Working Paper, 11.
http://www.harvestplus.org/content/vitamin-sweet-potato http://www.sweetpotatoknowledge.org
top related