haiti: before and after the january 12, 2010 earthquake

HAITI EARTHQUAKE RELIEF FUNDRAISERJanuary 30, 2010

Oliveto Café & RestaurantOakland, CA

HAITI:

A Historical Perspective

Prepared by Adelmise Rosemé Warner

Prepared by Adelmise Rosemé Warner

• December 5, 1492: Christophe Columbus (sent by Spain) discovered the island of Hispaniola, which was occupied by a native American tribe called the Tainos. Haiti occupies one third of the Island.

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• 1517: King Charles V (Spain) authorized the drafting of African slaves to Haiti. The Tainos became virtually extinct in Hispaniola.

• French pirates settled on western Hispaniola. They rebelled against the Spanish creating conflicts between the French and Spanish.

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• September 20, 1697: After years of conflict over the Island of Hispaniola, the Spanish and the French finally agreed to divide the Island at the Treaty of Ryswick . The French received the western third of Hispaniola; that third was called "Sainte Domingue".

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After theTreaty, many French people came to Sainte Domingue to establish plantations because of the high profits from sugar, coffee and indigo – the blue component in jeans.

• August 1791: The slaves in Sainte Domingue began the first major revolution against the French.

• June 20, 1793: France and Britain were at war; Britain invaded Sainte Domingue.

• To build an alliance with the people in Sainte Domingue against Britain, the French abolished slavery.

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• March 30, 1796: Toussaint L'Ouverture, a former slave and leader , became the leader of the former slaves in the northern part of Sainte Domingue.

• January 29, 1802: French General Charles LeClerc went to retake Sainte Domingue.

• LeClerc kidnapped and deported Toussaint to France.

• April 7, 1803: Toussaint died in France.Prepared by Adelmise Rosemé Warner

• January 1, 1804: Jean Jacques Dessalines (a native leader and ally of Toussaint L’Ouverture) defeated the French, and proclaimed the independence of Sainte Domingue. The Colony is now called “Haiti” – in honor of an indigenous Taino name.

• October 17, 1806: Dessalines died.

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• February 17, 1807: Henri Christophe - was elected president of the Northern part of Haiti; while the South was led by Alexandre Petion.

• October 8, 1820: Christophe died. General Jean Pierre Boyer became president of the whole Haiti.

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• July 1825: King Charles X of France tried to take control over Haiti again.

• Under pressure, Boyer obtained official Haitian independence from France at the price of 150 million French francs – A debt that Haiti has been paying back ever since.

• March 13, 1843: Boyer was overthrown.

Prepared by Adelmise Rosemé Warner

Prepared by Adelmise Rosemé Warner

• Between 1843 and 1915: Haiti had numerous coups d’etat – which is the sudden replacement of one government with another (sometimes with violence).

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• July 28, 1915: The United States invaded Haiti.

• August 14, 1934: The United States left Haiti.

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OCTOBER 22, 1957:Dr. François Duvalier (“Papa Doc”),

a doctor and union leader, was elected president.

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• Duvalier terrorized the country, rooting out any and all opponents to his administration. He had a private militia, the tontons macoutes (which means in kreyol, "uncle boogeyman"). They ensured his continued power in Haiti.

• June 14, 1964: Duvalier changed the constitution so that he could be elected president for life.

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APRIL 21, 1971: Papa Doc died and was succeeded by his son

Jean Claude, age 19 (also known as 'Baby Doc').

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• February 7, 1986: The Duvalier regime collapsed under Operation Deschoukay and Baby Doc fled to France.

• August 3, 1990:

Adelmise Rosemé Warner immigrated to the United States.

Prepared by Adelmise Rosemé Warner

DECEMBER 16, 1990: Jean-Bertrand Aristide (a religious priest)

was elected President.

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• September 30, 1991: Military coup removed Aristide from power. The U.S. imposed an embargo on Haiti, for 3 years. Thousands of Haitians fled to the U.S.; most were returned.

• October 15, 1994: Aristide returned to Haiti to serve out his term of office, with the help of the U.S. military and U.N. troops.

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FEBRUARY 7, 1996: René Préval became President of Haiti.

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• November 2000-  Aristide was re-elected President of Haiti.

• February 29, 2004 - Aristide was forced out of Haiti with a military coup; he left for South Africa on a U.S. military plane.

Prepared by Adelmise Rosemé Warner

Prepared by Adelmise Rosemé Warner

In the midst of civil unrest natural disasters have also devastated Haiti

• September 2004:Hurricane Jeanne killed 700 Haitians

• February 16, 2006: Préval was re-elected President.

• September 2008 : Hurricane Hanna killed 500.

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THE 7.1 THAT SHOOK HAITI

• On January 12, 2010 an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.1 hit Haiti, killing more than 200,000 people and leaving more than 2 million homeless (as of January 28, 2010), and thousands of structures destroyed in seconds.

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Earthquake Damage Outside of Port-au-Prince

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• The Enriquillo-Plaintain Garden fault system moved past each other in an east-west direction causing the energy release and the Haiti earthquakes.

• The fault has been linked to some historical big ones in 1860, 1770, 1761, 1751, 1684, 1673 and 1618, though none of these has been confirmed in the field as associated with this fault, according to the USGS.

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THE AFTERMATH

The wreckage of the Sainte Rose de Lima Church in Leogane, Haiti, Wednesday, January 20, 2010.

(The Church where I received my First Communion)

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Haitian flag hangs on the ruins of the presidential palace

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People look for bodies under the remains of a building

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People walk amidst destruction on Delmas Rd – The Main Rd in POP

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The rubble of a church where many people were killed (POP)

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People walk past a building destroyed by the earthquake

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Row of destroyed buildings after earthquake

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Child washes his face at a makeshift camp at a fuel station

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People walk past buildings that collapsed after the earthquake

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People pick through the rubble of their homes after the earthquake

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Fairfax County Urban Search and Rescue team searches for survivors

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People wander the streets in front of the remains of a boarding

school

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People carry the body of a man pulled out of the rubble

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Canape Vert Slums are devastated after a major aftershock

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A woman and her injured baby at a makeshift field hospital in POP

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U.S. Army soldier carries child from helicopter for medical care

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Boy stands near U.S. Army soldier guarding main hospital entrance

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Children stand in a camp at a city park after earthquake

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Boy carries clothes on his head in the rubble near National Cathedral

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Displaced people erect tents in a soccer stadium after losing homes

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Boy sleeping on a stone plaza across street from National Palace

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Injured people waiting for medical help at a makeshift field hospital

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An injured child waits to be taken to a hospital in Dominican Republic

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A woman lays on a stretcher as she gets medical care

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A young child lays on a stretcher as he gets medical care

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A woman and her injured baby at a makeshift field hospital

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A woman holds a child receiving medical care after earthquake

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An injured woman and her friend at a makeshift field hospital

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A woman faints in the arms of a medic in an emergency clinic

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A woman receives medical care at a small clinic after the earthquake

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Another woman receives medical care at a small clinic

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Woman cries over her daughter Emanuela’s body who was killed

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The body of Emanuela is placed in a coffin after she died

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A coffin is carried past a burning building that was destroyed

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People grieving after a relative was killed in the earthquake

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A woman cries for her boyfriend who was killed in their home

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Two women hold each other outside of the American embassy

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A woman prays in front of a Jesus statue next to destroyed Cathedral

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A woman prays at prayer service outside destroyed main Cathedral

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People reach out for food from U.N. World Food Program

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Water, food and supplies delivered to Hospital by Save the Children

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People reach out for water from the group Save the Children

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ARC (Miami) volunteer comforts a baby who arrived from Haiti at Homestead Air Reserve

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Canadian Red Cross Volunteer Eleanore Rose holds six-month-old Sebastian Joseph at

Hospital

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Haitian Red Cross volunteer Jean gives first aid to 1-mo-old Deborah, whose mom died in quake

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Haitian Red Cross volunteer Sheila Gabriel visiting with Neley Forestal

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Haitian Red Cross worker Edrist Pierre checks on Naika Docil at Hospital

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American Red Cross volunteer Tara Alexander checks on Makinas Gorrio

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On the USNS Comfort, a Creole-speaking ARC volunteer translate for service members/patients

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President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama visited ARC workers

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ARC President Gail McGovern visited Haiti to coordinate response efforts

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AMERICAN RED CROSS THANKS YOU FOR SUPPORTING HAITI

Prepared by Adelmise Rosemé Warner